Inoyerera mabhatiri: ndokumbira undidururire maerekitironi!
Masayendisiti anobva kuFraunhofer Institute kuGerman ari kuita rakakomba basa rekuvandudza mumunda wemabhatiri emagetsi, neimwe nzira kune echinyakare. Iine redox kuyerera tekinoroji, maitiro ekuchengetedza magetsi akanyatsosiyana ...
Mabhatiri, ayo anobhadhariswa mvura semafuta, anodirwa mumotokari ine peturu kana injini yedhiziri. Zvinogona kunzwika semunhu asingagone, asi kuna Jens Noack weFraunhofer Institute muPfinztal, Germany, izvi ndizvo chaizvo hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva 2007, timu yekusimudzira iyo yaari kuita yave kuvandudza iyi yekunze fomu yebhatiri rechargeable mukutenderera kuzere. Muchokwadi, pfungwa yekuyerera-kuburikidza kana kunonzi kuyerera-kuburikidza redox bhatiri haina kuoma, uye yekutanga patent munzvimbo ino yakatanga 1949. Imwe yeaya maviri maseru nzvimbo, akapatsanurwa ne membrane (yakafanana nemafuta maseru), yakabatana kune dura rine yakasarudzika electrolyte. Nekuda kwekujairira kwezvinhu kuita zvemakemikari zvinoitirana, mapurotoni anotama kubva kune imwe electrolyte kuenda kune imwe kuburikidza neiyo membrane, uye maerekitironi anotungamirwa kuburikidza nemutengi wazvino akabatana nezvikamu zviviri, semhedzisiro yemagetsi inoyerera. Mushure meimwe nguva, matangi maviri anodururwa uye akazadzwa neechena electrolyte, uye iyo yakashandiswa "yakashandiswazve" pazviteshi zvekuchaja.
Kunyange izvi zvese zvinotaridzika zvakanaka, zvinosuruvarisa kuti kuchine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda pakushandiswa kunoshanda kwerudzi urwu rwebhatiri mumotokari. Kuwanda kwesimba revanadium electrolyte redox bhatiri riri muchikamu che 30 Wh chete pakirogiramu, iyo inenge yakafanana nebhatiri relead acid. Kuti uchengetedze huwandu hwesimba seyemazuva ano 16 kWh lithium-ion bhatiri, padanho rezvino redox tekinoroji, bhatiri rinoda 500 litres e electrolyte. Kuwedzera ese maperipherals, hongu, iyo vhoriyamu zvakare yakakura - keji inodiwa kuti ipe simba reimwe kilowatt, senge doro bhokisi.
Maparameter akadaro haana kukodzera mota, zvichipiwa kuti lithiamu-ion bhatiri inochengeta kanokwana simba pa kilogiramu. Nekudaro, Jens Noack ane tarisiro, nekuti zviri kuitika munzvimbo ino zvichangotanga uye tarisiro iri kuvimbisa. Mune rabhoritari, iyo inonzi vanadium polysulfide bromide mabhatiri anowana simba rehuwandu hwe70 Wh pakirogiramu uye akaenzana nehukuru nenickel simbi hydride mabhatiri parizvino anoshandiswa muToyota Prius.
Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hunodiwa hwematangi muhafu. Kutenda kune yakapfava uye isingadhuri system yekuchaja (mapombi maviri pombi nyowani nyowani, maviri anoyamwa akashandiswa electrolyte), iyo sisitimu inogona kubhadhariswa mumaminetsi gumi kuti ipe huwandu hwe100 km. Kunyangwe inokurumidza kuchaja masisitimu senge iyo yakashandiswa muTesla Roadster yakapfuura katanhatu kureba.
Muchiitiko ichi, hazvishamise kuti makambani mazhinji emotokari akatendeukira kutsvagiridzo yeInstitute, uye nyika yeBaden-Württemberg yakapa 1,5 miriyoni euros yekusimudzira. Nekudaro, zvicharamba zvichitora nguva kusvika pachikamu chetekinoroji yemotokari. "Rudzi urwu rwebhatiri runogona kushanda zvakanaka nemasisitimu emagetsi akamira, uye tave kutogadzira zviteshi zvekuedza zveBundeswehr. Nekudaro, mundima yemotokari dzemagetsi tekinoroji iyi ichave yakakodzera kushandiswa mukati memakore gumi, "Noak akadaro.
Zvekunze zvinhu hazvidiwe kuti kugadzirwa kwekuyerera-kuburikidza redox mabhatiri. Hapana zvinokachidza zvinodhura, senge platinamu, inoshandiswa mumaseru emafuta, kana mapolymers, senge lithiamu-ion mabhatiri, anodikanwa. Iko kudhura kwakanyanya kwema laboratori masisitimu, anosvika zviuru zviviri zveeuros pa kilowatt yemagetsi, zvinongoitika nekuda kwekuti iwo ndeemhando uye anogadzirwa nemaoko.
Zvichakadaro, vanamazvikokota vesangano iri vari kuronga kuvaka yavo purazi remhepo, uko kuchachaja, ndiko kuti, kuraswa kweelectrolyte, kuchaitika. Nekuyerera kwe redox, maitiro aya anoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura electrolyzing mvura muhydrogen neokisijeni uye kuishandisa mumaseru emafuta - mabhatiri ekare anopa makumi manomwe neshanu muzana emagetsi anoshandiswa pakuchaja.
Tinogona kufungidzira zviteshi zvekuchaja izvo, pamwe nekuchaja kwakajairika kwemagetsi emagetsi, anoshanda seanopokana nehuremu hwepamusoro hweesimba system. Nhasi, semuenzaniso, mazhinji emagetsi emhepo kuchamhembe kweGerman anofanirwa kudzimwa kunyangwe paine mhepo, sezvo vangadai vakawandisa gridhi.
Nezve kuchengetedzeka, hapana njodzi. “Kana iwe ukasanganisa maelectrolyte maviri, kemikari pfupi diki inoitika inopa kupisa uye tembiricha inokwira kusvika pamadhigiri makumi masere, asi hapana chimwe chinoitika. Ehezve, zvinwiwa zvega hazvina kuchengetedzeka, asi zvakare peturu nedhiziri. Kunyangwe paine mukana wekuyerera-kuburikidza nemabhatiri eredox, vaongorori veFraunhofer Institute vari kushandawo nesimba mukugadzira tekinoroji-ion tekinoroji ...
chinyorwa: Alexander Bloch
Redox kuyerera bhatiri
A redox kuyerera bhatiri zvirokwazvo muchinjiko pakati peyakajairika bhatiri uye sero remafuta. Magetsi anoyerera nekuda kwekudyidzana pakati pemaelectrolyte maviri - imwe yakabatana nedanda rakanaka resero uye imwe kune isina kunaka. Muchiitiko ichi, mumwe anopa zvakanaka chaja ions (oxidation), uye mumwe anovagamuchira (kuderedza), saka zita mudziyo. Kana imwe nhanho yekuzara yasvika, kuita kunomira uye kuchaja kunosanganisira kutsiva ma electrolytes nematsva. Vashandi vanodzorerwa vachishandisa reverse process.
