Nzira yeDhiragoni - kuvandudzwa kweJapan submarines

Sōryū, prototype yeazvino akateedzana epasi pemvura ari kushanda neJapan Naval Self-Defense Force. Zvikepe izvi zvibereko zvehafu yezana remakore ruzivo mukuvaka kirasi iyi mushure mehondo yeJapan.

Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, kufarira kwepasirese mungarava dzepasi pemvura dzeJapan kwainyanya kuenderana nezvikamu zvakatora chikamu muhondo muPacific neIndia Ocean panguva.

Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Zvinyorwa zvakawanda, mabhuku uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakatsaurirwa kwavari. Vadyi venhaka yavo yapashure pehondo havana kuzokwevera ngwariro kwavari vamene kusvikira kutambanuko yakadaro. Zvisinei, panguva ino, ruzivo pamusoro pemauto epasi pemvura eJapan Maritime Self-Defense Force anowedzera kupararira uye anoverengwa nenhamba huru yemapoka anofarira. Izvi zvinoitika, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekuda kwesimba rehunyanzvi uye kuvandudzwa kwenhamba. Australia zvakare, neimwe nzira, yakabatsira kuputsa mhirizhonga. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzeJapan dzawedzera ruzha nekuda kwemhedzisiro ine mukurumbira uye ichangoburwa inokatyamadza yekupedzisira yetenda yakaziviswa neCanberra kutenga zvinotsiva vaCollins vakakundikana, seC-ora. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, AUCUS yave chikonzero uye mubvunzo wepop-up - kana iyo yeAustralia Navy ine zvombo zvenyukireya, saka sei kwete maJapan neSouth Koreans?

Asi pane zvimwe zvikonzero zvekufarira kweJapan Maritime Self-Defense Force mungarava dzepasi pemvura (Kaijō Jieitai, chipfupiso chinonyanyozivikanwa cheJMSDF's English musiyano iJapan Maritime Self-Defense Force, inowanzoshandiswa naivo pachavo). Izvi zvakanyanya kukonzerwa ne "mujaho wezvombo zvepasi pemvura" mudunhu reEast neSoutheast Asia neAustralia.

Kukosha kwezvikepe zvepasi pepasi pasi rose kunowedzera nekuwedzera kwerondedzero yemabasa emayuniti emazuva ano ekirasi ino. Pamusoro pezvinojairwa zvinogumbura zvinoshandiswa zvine chekuita nengarava dzehondo uye kufamba kwevavengi, zvitsva, zvisingadiwe zvakanyanya zvakawedzerwa: kucherechedzwa kwakavanzika, kutamiswa kwevanoshanda mauto akasarudzika uye mabasa vachishandisa mota dzemuchadenga dzisina munhu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekutsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwezvikepe zvemazuva ose nezvenyukireya. Kune rimwe divi, maitiro aya ane simba zvakanyanya muFar East. Munharaunda ino yepasirese, kwete chete makuru makuru ezvikepe ari kugadzirisa mauto avo epasi pemvura. Chido chekuvawedzera, uye kunyange kugadzira kubva pakutanga, chakaratidzwa nedzimwe nyika.

Arashio, imwe yezvikepe zvina zvinofamba mugungwa zvekirasi yeAsashio, yekupedzisira "kubatwa" nenzira dzekugadzira dzakashandiswa munguva yeHondo Yenyika II.

Zvikepe zvakawanda zvepasi pemvura mudunhu rino repasi ndezvePeople's Republic of China (anenge 80 mayunitsi, anosanganisira nyukireya akawanda-chinangwa uye akarongeka) uye Democratic People's Republic of Korea (anenge makumi manomwe; mazhinji madiki uye madiki mayuniti. ) Nzvimbo dzinotevera dzinogarwa ne: Japan (70+21 zvikoro), Republic of Korea (2), Vietnam (21), Australia (6), Indonesia (6), Singapore (4), Taiwan (4+2 zvikoro), Malaysia (2) , Bangladesh (2), Myanmar (2). Nhamba idzi ndedzezvikepe zvepasi pemvura zvinoshanda. Ivo vezera rakasiyana, mamiriro uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza. Nyika zhinji dzambotaurwa dzakaraira mamwe mayunitsi, angave ari kuvakwa kana mukuyedzwa kwekutanga. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti Vietnam, Malaysia neMyanmar vachangobva kugadzira mauto epasi pemvura kubva pakutanga. Asi handizvo chete nezvemujaho wezvombo wepasi pemvura mudunhu iri. Nyika dzakawanda dziri kuedza kubvisa rudzi urwu rwechombo. Aya ndiwo Philippines neThailand. Nyika yekupedzisira yakatopedza kutenga iyo S1T kubva kuChina uye inoronga kuwana imwe. Zvakare, munhu haafanire kukanganwa nezve yakasimba Indian (kusanganisira zvinokandwa zvinokandwa) uye Pakistani submarine fleets. Isu tinofuratira mauto emugungwa eRussian Federation neUnited States of America.

Chinoshamisa pakuenzanisa uku ichokwadi chokuti inopfuura hafu yenyika dzinotaurwa dzinovaka ngarava munzvimbo dzadzo dzengarava. Kwete nguva dzose yakazvimirira, kazhinji nekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekuchinjisa kubva kumakambani ekunze uye semi-akapedza zvigadzirwa. Izvi hazvichinje chokwadi chekuti ruzivo rwepasi pemvura muAsia rwuri kupararira zvisingaenzaniswi nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi, kunyanya nekuda kwenzvimbo dzezvikepe muChina, Germany, Russia neSweden. Mune izvi chokwadi, iyo Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force inofanirwa kuchengetedza mukana wehunyanzvi pane vangangove vadzivisi. Iyi nzira inoitika kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwakarongeka kwemagadzirirwo akasimbiswa uye kuburikidza nekuunzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa mhinduro, kazhinji kekutanga mudunhu, uye kunyangwe munyika.

Nzira yekuenda kudragoni yebhuruu

Mutemo weJapan Self-Defense Forces Law pawakagadzira chikwata chemauto muna 1954, wakanga usina ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Zvisinei, pakuvamba kwegore rinotevera, zviremera zveTokyo zvakazivisa kugadzirira kwazvo kudzorera bviro yakarasika munharaunda iyi. Kutanga kwaive kwakafanana kune mamwe makirasi akakosha ezvikepe - yaimbova USS Mingo yakaburitswa kunze.

(SS 261) kubva kuUSA. Nekudaro, panguva imwecheteyo, dhizaini yekutanga mushure mehondo yepasi pemvura yakatanga. Kuvakwa kweramangwana Oyashio (SS 511) kwakatanga musi waDecember 25, 1957, uye musi waJune 30, 1960, ngarava yakasimudza mureza wayo, ichitanga nguva itsva muJapan Navy. Magadzirirwo ayo aive akanyanya kubva paavant-garde mhando I-201 (ST, Sentaka) kubva kuHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Iyo modhi nyowani inofunga nezve ruzivo rwekushandisa iyo yekare yeAmerican unit yeGato type (electric drive), German solutions (snorkels), welding yemuviri wakasimba yakashandiswa, asi dhizaini yacho yaive yakachengetedza, senge mukupera kwema50s. . Ngarava ine kutama pasi pemvura yematani 1443. Yaingova "chiitwa" chekugadzirisa zvakanaka uye yakaitwa mune imwe kopi.

Imwe mhando - Hayashio - yakagadzirwa pasina "mukwende" usingatsungirike wezvimiro zvekurwa. Iwo maviri mayuniti akatumirwa muna 1962 aive madiki, aine 813 matani, asi aive akawedzera hydrodynamically, aine zviridzwa zvemazuva ano zvesonar uye ainyanya kuitirwa kurwisa dzimwe ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Pahwaro hwavo, imwe pairi yakakurumidza kusikwa, yakangogadziridzwa zvechizvino-zvino, uye gore rakatevera yakapinda mubasa, ichiita rudzi rweNatsushio. Dzakanga dzakashongedzerwa nemhepo inofefetera, mafuremu acho akaiswa welded kunze kune hull yakasimba, ese ari matatu ekudzimisa aive ne-water-pressurized torpedo firing system pachinzvimbo chepneumatic, uye chidhiraivho chaishandiswa kudzora gwara uye kunyora. Zvisinei, idzi ngarava duku dzepasi pemvura dzakanga dzine ganhuriro dzakakomba mukuhwihwidza uye kufamba pamusoro, zvikurukuru mumugariro wokunze une dutu, iro rakava chinetso chakakomba pakushanda mumvura pedyo neJapan.

Kuti abvise zvipingamupinyi zviri pamusoro apa, rudzi runotevera rwechikepe rwakanga rwakanyanya kuderedzwa Natsushio, iyo yakawedzera zvakanyanya kutama - kusvika ku 2235 matani mukunyorwa, zvichiita imwe - Oshio - chikepe chegungwa, chekutanga chakavakwa muJapan. hondo yapera. Akatanga mushandirapamwe musi waKurume 31, 1965. Zvirongwa zvake zvakavandudzwa zvakava hwaro hwekusimudzirwa kwekirasi yeAsasio, iyo yaisanganisira zvikepe zvina zvakatumirwa muna 1966-1969. Aya maumbirwo makuru akange atove akashongedzerwa nemachubhu masere e torpedo, ayo maviri ekumashure akange asina hurongwa hwekuburitsa chombo - matorpedoes akavasiya ivo pachavo (ayangarara kumusoro). Aivewo ekupedzisira akajairwa hull units ane spindle hydrodynamics, yakajairika yenguva ichangopera kweHondo Yenyika II. Nechirongwa chitsva kwakauya budiriro yechizvarwa mukuvaka kweJapan submarines.