Frame SUV - chii ichocho? Chigadzirwa uye nheyo yekushanda. Mufananidzo uye vhidhiyo

Sezvatakanyora pawebhusaiti yedu Vodi.su, misiyano mikuru pakati peSUV uye crossover kuvepo kwese-vhiri dhiraivha, kesi yekufambisa ine giya rekudzikisa, inter-axle kana inter-axle musiyano unogona kuchinjwa. kure, uye SUV chaiyo ine mutakuri furemu.

Saka mubvunzo unomuka, izvo zvichakurukurwa munyaya ino - chii furemu uye furemu SUV?

Mota furemu - mudziyo uye chinangwa

Kusvika parizvino, anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeaya anotevera marudzi ezvimiro zvemuviri:

• frame;
• nemuviri unotakura mutoro;
• ine furemu yakabatanidzwa.

Musiyano uripo pakati pavo unokosha.

1. Muchiitiko chekutanga, chigadziko ndicho skeleton yemotokari uye zvimwe zvikamu zvose zvakabatanidzwa pairi: kusungirirwa, muviri pachawo, zvikamu zvose.
2. Muchiitiko chechipiri, kabhini inoshanda sefuremu uye zvikamu zvose nemagungano zvakabatanidzwa pairi. Mota dzine furemu yakasanganiswa dzinosiyana kubva kumota dzemota mukuti iyo furemu yakanyatsobatanidzwa nemuviri, ndiko kuti, uku ndiko kuwirirana pakati pemhando mbiri dzakapfuura.

Kune marudzi akawanda emota frame:

• spars - iyo furemu ine ma spars - akabatanidzwa ne welding, mabhoti kana rivets - uye nhengo dzemuchinjikwa pakati pe spars;
• musana - hwaro hwechifukidzo ipombi yekutumira, iyo zvimwe zvese zvakatobatanidzwa;
• fork-spinal - maforogo kubva kune spars akasungirirwa kune pombi yekufambisa yekuisa mayuniti emagetsi pavari;
• Chigadziko chekutakura-kutakura - chigadziko chinosanganiswa nepasi remotokari, zvichiita kuti pave nepuratifomu inotakura iyo iyo cab, mayuniti, kusungirirwa kunoiswa.

Kuti uderedze huremu hwemotokari dzemitambo, tubular kana lattice mafuremu akasungwa kubva kune lightweight pombi anoshandiswa. Furemu iyi yakafanana neretisi, ndosaka yakawana zita rayo.

Imwe neimwe yemhando idzi dzemafuremu yakakamurwa kuita nhamba huru ye subspecies, anenge chero mugadziri ari kuedza kuunza chimwe chinhu chavo kune dhizaini.

Semuyenzaniso, mafuremu espar ane X-shaped, transverse, ladder, X-shaped transverse, zvichingodaro. Izvo zvakakoshawo kucherechedza kuti mazhinji maSUVs akavakwa pahwaro hwespar mafuremu.

Furemu ndicho chikamu chinorema pane chero mota, inoverengera ingangoita 15-20 muzana nekurema. Ndokusaka ma SUVs emhando anogona kuyera kusvika matani matatu nehafu, kana kutopfuura, nepo maitiro nhasi ndeekuti vagadziri vari kuyedza kudzikisa huremu hwese hwemotokari.

Zvinoverengeka zvinodikanwa zvinoiswa pamberi pechimiro chemota dzemazuvano, kusanganisira maSUV:

• simba - rinofanira kumira zvakasiyana-siyana kukotama, torsion mitoro;
• rigidity - panguva yekushanda, inovimbisa nzvimbo isingachinjiki yemanode ese akabatanidzwa pairi;
• lightness - iyi parameter inotarisa huwandu hwemafuta ekushandisa, pamwe chete nemari yekugadzira motokari;
• kugadzikana;
• manufacturability - nyore kugadzira uye kugadzirisa.

Saka, chinangwa chikuru cheSUV frame:

• tora uye ugovere mutoro;
• chengetedza kurongeka kwakafanana kwezvikamu, zvinhu zvemuviri, kurongeka kweaxles uye majoini epasi rose;
• kutamiswa kwemasimba kubva pachidhiraivho, brake system, maekisi kusvika kuhuwandu hwehuwandu hwemotokari.

Zvakanakira uye zvakashata zvekugadzira furemu

Mota dzekutanga dzaive neframe structure. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvakachinja kubva panguva idzodzo, asi, sezvatinoona, mainjiniya haana kusiya chimiro chekutsigira.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira zvayo?

Chokutanga pane zvose, zviri nyore kugadzira, zviri nyore kuti mainjiniya averenge chimiro uye dhizaini yefuremu, pamwe nehunhu hwayo. Nepo kusikwa kwemotokari dzine muviri wemonocoque kunoda kushandiswa kwemaitiro akaoma ekuverenga.

Hunhu hwechipiri hwakakosha kunyaradzwa kwevafambi pachavo. Izvi zvinowanikwa nemajoini elastic uye madhamu erubha, akadai seakasimbiswa rubber pads. Maframe SUVs ane zvirinani kuvharidzira uye vibration yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, sezvo mitoro yese kubva pakumiswa inoendeswa kune iyo furemu uye yakanyoroveswa neiyo shock absorption system.

Chechitatu, iyo furemu inowedzera zvakanyanya mikana yekugadzirisa uye kushandura chimiro chemotokari. Inogona kurebeswa nyore kana kupfupikiswa, nekuti izvi zvakakwana kuisa mapfupi spars, kana zvinopesana, wedzera nhengo dzemuchinjikwa (kana uine maturusi akakodzera uye hunyanzvi). Mukuwedzera, makabati akasiyana uye marudzi emuviri anogona kuiswa pane imwechete furemu.

Motokari dzemafuremu hadzina kuita ngura (zvinoshamisa, ichi ichokwadi). Chikonzero chose ndechekuti kune ndege shoma dzakavanzwa, uye furemu pachayo inofefeterwa zvirinani.

Zviri nyore kurapa ne anti-corrosion agents. Zvakanaka, usakanganwa kuti furemu yakaunganidzwa kubva kune imwe simbi yakasimba, uye nhengo dzemuchinjikwa uye spars dzakawedzera.

Kune, hongu, zvinoverengeka zvisingabatsiri:

• kuwedzera kwakakosha kwehuwandu nemhedzisiro yese inotevera - yakawanda mafuta inopedzwa, injini ine simba inodiwa, yakaderera kumhanya;
• spars "inodya kumusoro" chikamu chenzvimbo inogona kushandiswa, zvichiteerana, isina kugadzikana yemukati, saka iyo yakakosha saizi yefuremu SUVs;
• iyo furemu yakaderera kune inotakura-inotakura muviri maererano neiyo torsional rigidity - iwe pamwe wakaona kuti zviri nyore kumonyorora, semuenzaniso, pepa reakaomesesa kadhibhodhi pane kadhibhodhi bhokisi;
• yakaipisisa passive chengetedzo nekuda kwekugona kwekabhini kuputsa magomo uye kumwe kukanganiswa.

Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa furemu SUVs

Zviri pachena kuti hapana chinhu chakanaka uye munhu wose anozvisarudzira zvaanofanira kuzvipira kana achitenga imwe motokari. Nekudaro, ma SUV emafuremu achiri kufamba mumigwagwa yedu.

Domestic - ese ari off-road UAZ mienzaniso: UAZ 469, UAZ Hunter, UAZ Patriot, UAZ 3160. Zvechokwadi, motokari dzeUAZ dzichakwanisa kutyaira kwose kwose. Ichokwadi, kana iwe uchiyeuka mienzaniso yekutanga, haina kusiyana mukunyaradza. Zvimwe zvemazuva ano zvinogona kukwikwidzana nemienzaniso yakanakisisa yeSUVs ekunze, asi, zvinosuruvarisa, hazvina kusiyana muhupfumi.

Kuenzanisa kwemamwe mamodheru maererano nekugadzikana mune zvemberi zvinokonzeresa. (chikero kubva pa1 kusvika ku10)

Toyota - mune chinyorwa nezve maJapan crossovers uye maSUVs paVodi.su, isu takanyora ese furemu maSUV ekambani iyi: Land Cruisers, Tundra, Sequoia, Hilux ese ari furemu SUVs.

MaSUV anodhura kwazvo ane furemu anosanganisira makirasi eG, GL, GLA uye GLK kubva kuMercedes. Mumutemo, vese vanonzi - Kunze kwemugwagwa mota, zvinoreva kuti "Kunze-mugwagwa".

M-kirasi mota dzakavakwawo pahwaro hwechimiro chechimiro.

Land Rover Defender, Jeep Wrangler, Volkswagen Amarok, BMW X1-X6, Opel Antara uye Frontera, Dodge RAM, Ford Expedition. Kunyangwe mota dzeChinese dzinodhura kubva kuGreat Wall, kana Korean SsangYong zvakare dziri furemu SUVs.

Vhidhiyo pamusoro peGreat Wall modhi.

Kuenzanisa kweakanakisa: Land Cruiser 200 vs. Nissan Patrol.

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