Camshaft - dhizaini. Chii chinonzi camshaft cams?

Camshafts anoshandiswa mune ina-stroke peturu kana dhiziri mota. Basa ravo guru nderekudzora kusimudza uye nguva dzekuvhura dzekupinza uye mavharuvhu ekupinza. Iri basa rinoda kurongeka kunoshamisa uye rinoratidzwa mukubudirira kwechikwata uye kushanda kwayo kwakakodzera. Kutanga, tichaona kuti camshafts inorongwa sei.

Camshaft design

Kana ichionekwa kubva kumusoro, camshaft inofanana nechidimbu chesimbi chine maratidziro anooneka. Kazhinji inewo yekunze uye yakakura uye diki yemukati giya. Mukuwedzera, imwe neimwe camshaft ine mapini ayo anotsigirwa anoiswa. Iyo camshaft inokwanisa kutyaira ese mavharuvhu ekupinza uye ekupedza, uye mota dzine 4 kana 5 mavharuvhu silinda misoro inogona kuva nemacamshaft maviri anotyaira rudzi rumwe chete rwevharuvhu.

Camshafts - inogadzirwa nei?

Masimba anoshanda pazvikamu izvi anosarudza kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasimba uye zvakaoma. Macamshafts anotanga kuumbwa kubva kune yakaderera alloy uye kabhoni simbi, ipapo nzvimbo dzadzo dzakaiswa carbur uye dzakaomeswa. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kukurumidza kupera kwezvikamu panguva yekushanda. Imwe nzira ndeyekudhirowa roller nenzira inotonhora. Mushure mekuita uku, makamera anomanikidzwa pamushini mushure mekuomesa nzvimbo dzekushanda dze shaft.

Camshaft cam design

Nzvimbo uye nhoroondo yecamshaft lobes yakakosha pakushanda kwesimba rose remagetsi. Zvinoenderana nemutsara kune nguva uye nguva yekuvhura nekuvhara mavharuvhu. Chimiro chavo chinoenderana zvakanyanya nemhando yeiyo yakapihwa unit. Mhando nhatu dzekamera dzinonyanya kushandiswa:

• tangential;
• harmonics;
• synthetic.

Vanokanganisa zvakananga kuzadza uye kubvisa magasi ekamuri yekupisa. 

Nzira iyi inoitika sei?

Camshaft cams - chii basa ravo?

Paunotarisa makamera ecamshaft, uchaona kuti zvisinei kuti ndeapi rudzi, imwe neimwe inovakwa nenzira imwe chete. Kune rumwe rutivi, ine yakaderera uye yakavhurika profiles, kune imwe, yakakwirira kwazvo uye inokurumidza kudonha mbiri, iyo inonzi mhino. Iwo camshaft lobes anopiwa mumamirimita uye mune dzimwe nguva kukosha kwawo kwakafanana nekusimudza kwevhavha.

Ndeipi nguva yekuvhura valve?

Zvechokwadi, izvi hazvina kutaurwa mumayuniti enguva. Inopiwa zvichienderana nekona yekutenderera kwe crankshaft. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, iyo nzira yese inosanganisira kufambisa vharuvhu kubva panzvimbo yayo yekuzorora kuitira kuzadza imba yekupisa nemusanganiswa wakakodzera wemagasi. Maitiro maviri akasimba panguva ino - TDC neBDC (yepamusoro uye pasi yakafa pakati pepiston).

Injini dzechina-stroke dzine mana ekushanda kutenderera:

• suction;
• compression;
• Basa;
• exhaust.

Panguva yekushanda basa crankshaft inoita majana maviri akazara. Munguva ino, camshaft inofanira kuzarura mavharuvhu ekutora, kuvhara, kuzarura mavharuvhu ekupedza uye kuvhara. Mushure mekuita uku, kutenderera kwese kunotanga zvakare. Kurohwa kwekutora kunosanganisira kuiswa kwemagasi akamanikidzwa kubva pakutora kuburikidza nemavharuvhu ekutora. Nehurombo, gasi mechanics haavabvumire kukurumidza kuzadza imba yekupisa, saka camshaft lobes inotarisira mavharuvhu ekutora inofanira kuvhura iyo piston isati yasvika TDC. Nguva yekuvhurwa kwevharuvhu kusvika panzvimbo iyi inosanganisira imwe angular huwandu hwekutenderera kwe crankshaft.

Zvakafanana neDMP. Magasi haakwanise kubuda pakarepo asvika panzvimbo ino, saka vharafu yekuburitsa inofanira kuramba yakavhurika kwenguva yakati mushure mekunge piston yapfuura BDC. Uchiyeuka kuti panguva yedaro riri pakati peTDC neBDC crankshaft inotenderera 180 madhigirii, unogona kuwedzera hunhu hwakatsanangurwa pamusoro uye nekudaro uwane iyo valve yekuvhura nguva. Zvichienderana nemota uye shaft modhi, inodarika 250^o shaft kutenderera.

Yakakura inogara iri nani kana zvasvika kune camshafts?

Chinangwa chekutonga kwevhavha ndechekumanikidza kusanganiswa kwemhepo-mafuta mukamuri yekupisa uye kubvisa magasi panguva yekuputika kwemhepo. Iyo yakanyatsoenderana nesimba rinowanikwa neinjini yakapihwa, nekuti iyo yakawanda musanganiswa iri mukamuri yekupisa, iyo yakawanda simba inokwanisa kugadzira. Vamwe vanhu vanoona zvakakodzera kuisa sport cams kana kukwereta kubva kune imwe mota ine simba rakawanda. Chii chinozvikonzera? 

Nguva yekusimudza valve yakareba, iyo inobvumira kuti silinda izadzwe nemusanganiswa wakawanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, inofamba chinhambwe chikuru nekuti urefu hwecam lobe hwakakura. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vharuvhu inodzokera panzvimbo yayo yepakutanga munguva pfupi uye nekukurumidza. Izvi zvine mutsara mhedzisiro pakugadzira yakakwirira g-masimba uye tembiricha.

Kana vharuvhu iine chigaro chipfupi chekubata, haizove nenguva yekubvisa kupisa kwakanyanya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kupisa kwevhavha, kuvuza uye kurasikirwa kwekumanikidza kunogona kuitika. Uye aya ndiwo matambudziko akakomba, nekuti ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuverenga nemusoro wakakwana. Iyo yakagadzirwa camshaft inogonawo kukanganisa nguva yevhavha, zvichiita kuti vasangane nepistoni, iyo ichaparadzawo gungano.

Kamera yemutambo inokupa simba rekusimudzira here?

Zvirokwazvo hongu. Zvisinei, iyi haisi nguva dzose inobatsira simba. Sei? Kutsinhana kwegasi nekuvhurwa panguva imwe chete kwemavharuvhu maviri (sezvakaita zvemitambo shafts) inovandudza mashandiro, asiwo inowedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti iyo yese dosed yakawanda yepeturu haina kupiswa, iyo, pamwe chete nemagasi emhepo, inoyamwa mukati memhepo.

Sezvakangokosha, mitambo kana rally camshafts inoita kuti injini inetse kuita basa uye kuderedza simba pazasi pemakamera. Uye izvi zvinonetesa mukutyaira kwemazuva ese. Mhinduro dzerudzi urwu dzinonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari, nokuti kuwedzera kwesimba kunowanzoonekwa pakakwirira revs.

Kana ukasarudza kuchinja camshafts kuti uwedzere simba rechikwata, usakanganwa kusimbisa zvimwe zvikamu zvejini. 

Camshaft uye crankshaft

Chii chinonzi camshafts uye crankshafts zvakafanana? Zvakawanda, nekuti inofanirwa kuendesa torque yakagadzirwa kubhokisi regiya. Naizvozvo, zvirinani tarisa mukati memikombe kuti utarise mamiriro avo uye urege kuvashandura. Zvingave zvinobatsirawo kushandura piston uye mavharuvhu kune akasimba. Zvechokwadi, iwe unogona kufunga nezvekuchinja shafts pachavo, asi nekufamba kwenguva zvinogona kuitika kuti injini inongofanirwa nekugadzirisa kukuru.

Zvikonzero zvekupfeka camshaft

Izvo zvese zvinotanga neinenge prosaic chiitiko, kureva nguva yemafuta. Sei? Metal-to-metal contact inoitika mucylinder head pakati pemavharuvhu necamshaft lobes inokonzera kukweshana. Hunhu husina kunaka kana mafuta akasakara anogona kukonzera kukurumidza kupfeka kwekamera. Nzira yekugadzirisa sei? Heano mazano: 

1. kutanga kwezvose, sarudza mafuta akakodzera maererano nemirairo yemugadziri uye nguva dzose uchinje panguva;
2. sarudzawo mafirita akanaka kwazvo kudzivirira zvinosvibisa kubva pakutenderera mudunhu.

Zvishoma kazhinji, chikonzero chiri muvaki. Izvo zvinoitika, zvisinei, kuti mugadziri haakwanise kufanoona zvese, uye, semuenzaniso, iyo isina kusimba yekuburitsa shaft yakashandiswa muHonda Accord VIII. Mazda SkyActiv-D mhando dzakagadzirwa pamberi pe2014 dzakatamburawo nekuremara. Camshafts yakakundikana mu1.6 HDI uye 2.2 injini kubva kuPSA boka. Zvisinei, nyaya dzakadaro hadziwanzofananidzwi nekushanda kuregeredza.

Nzira yekutarisa sei camshaft kupfeka?

Iwe uchanzwa kupfeka pamacamshafts mushure mekudonha kwesimba. Pamusoro pezvo, mayuniti edhiziri achange aine matambudziko neutsi munzvimbo yepamusoro rev. Kuti pakupedzisira usimbise kana kusabvisa rudzi urwu rwekuparara, chivharo chevhavha chinofanira kubviswa. Izvi zvinobvisa kusava nechokwadi kwako kwese. Iwe unogona zvakare kutarisa kuburikidza neoiri filler cap, asi kwete mune yega mota modhi iwe uchaona chero chinhu.

Camshafts - mutengo

Kune motokari dzaunogona kutenga camshaft ye10 euros chete, isu tiri kutaura, hongu, pamusoro pezvakashandiswa. Kazhinji, iyi mutengo wemazana akati wandei zlotys, kana kutopfuura chiuru. Tiri kutaura pamusoro pechikamu chimwe uye kopi itsva. Ndicho chikonzero vamwe vanhu vanosarudza kuvandudza. 

Camshaft regeneration - chii uye inodhura marii? 

Inosanganisira kushandisa nzira yekutarisa, i.e. kushandisa imwe yekuwedzera yezvinyorwa kumakamera. Kune izvi zvinowedzerwa kugadzirisa uye kupa simba rakakodzera. Kumutengo wekuvandudzwa kwecamshaft, unofanira kuwedzera mari yekugadzirisa musoro, kutsiva zvisimbiso, uye kazhinji zvakare mavhavha. Saka, mari yacho inogona kudarika 150 euros.

Chinokosha chekuchengetedza mari munyaya iyi ndeyekuchinja kwemafuta nguva dzose uye kusarudzwa kwemafirita akakodzera. Uyewo yeuka migumisiro yekuwedzera simba nekutsiva camshafts. Kana iwe ukachengeta injini yako nemazvo, ichakubhadhara nekushanda kwenguva refu uye isina dambudziko. Tinokushuvira iwe mugwagwa wakafara!