Bhandi rekuchengetedza

Bhandi kana kuti seti yezvisungo, zvinobviswa nyore nyore pamurairo, zvakagadzirirwa kusungira munhu pachigaro kuti amudzivirire pakaitika njodzi, kana chero ipi zvayo kumuchengetedza pachigaro achitarisira kuderera kwakanyanya. Inowana yakanyanya kushandiswa kana yasanganiswa neairbag.

Kwemakore, mabhanhire akave nekuvandudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana: pakutanga, akanga asina kunyange akashongedzerwa nereel, saka kushandiswa kwavo kwakanga kusina kunaka, kazhinji kusingabatsiri, asi pamusoro pezvose, hazvina kubvumira mutakuri kufamba. Zvadaro, pakupedzisira, mapeji akasvika, uye kuti avandudze zvakanyanya, dzimba dzose dzinoshandisa zvirongwa zvinogona kusimbisa bhanhire zvakanyanya panguva yenjodzi inogona kuitika (pretensioners).

Chishandiso chinokosha chekuchengeteka mumugwagwa, uye nhasi haasi munhu wose anoapfeka. Kuti agadzirise dambudziko iri, dzimba dzakawanda dzinoshandisa mabhomba anonzwika anomanikidza kunyange vatadzi vanodzokorora kupfeka bhandi. Mhinduro iyi inonyanya kufarirwa muEuro NCAP, iyo inopa mabhonasi mapoinzi mumayedzo ayo anozivikanwa ekuparara kumotokari dzakashongedzerwa nazvo.

Mabhandi ezvigaro akagadzirwa ane makore anopfuura zana ekare: akatanga kupihwa mvumo nemuFrench Gustave Désiré Liebau (akavadaidza kuti "mabhandi ezvigaro") muna 1903. Nekudaro, iyo isiri yakanyanya kumhanya kwazvo yemotokari dzenguva idzodzo uye njodzi yekudzivirirwa yavakapa (panguva iyoyo zvinhu zvakakasharara zvakashandiswa) zvakakonzera kusakwana kwechishandiso.

Muna 1957, vachitevera chiitiko che motorsport, mavakaitawo basa mukutsigira muviri we lateral acceleration, vakaunzwa mune dzimwe mota, kunyangwe vakashandiswa zvakanyanya seyedzo pane kutenda chaiko mukushandiswa kweimwe mota. object. Zvisinei, migumisiro yezviedzo yakawanikwa kuva yakanaka kwazvo, uye muna 1960, mutsara wekutanga wemabhandi ezvigaro zvakatangwa pamusika. Zvikurukuru, zvaikakavadzana kuti mabhandi ezvigaro, kana akaiswa zvakanaka, aizoderedza zvikuru njodzi yokurovera chipfuva pachidhiraivho kana pakaitika mabhureki akaerekana.

Muna 1973, France yakazivisa kuti mabhandi ezvigaro aidiwa nomutemo. Mushure mezvo, nyika dzese dzekuMadokero, kusanganisira Italy, dzakatevera mitemo yetransalpine (muUnited States of America, nyika yekutanga kuvazivisa kuti inosungirwa yaive Massachusetts muna 1975).