Bhandi renguva - chii uye nei

Mubhuku rekuraira kune chero mota, mugadziri anoratidza kuwanda kwekugadziriswa kwakarongwa kwemotokari. Pamusoro pekutsiva zvinwiwa zvehunyanzvi uye zvimwe zvinodyiwa, muridzi wega wega wemotokari anofanirwa kutarisisa kune yakarongwa kutsiviwa kwebhandi renguva.

Funga nezvebasa ripi rinoitwa nebhandi renguva mumotokari, parinoda kuchinjwa, chii chinoitika kana yatyoka uye kuti ungasarudza sei chinhu ichi nenzira kwayo.

Sei paine bhandi renguva mumotokari?

Injini yekupisa yemukati inoshanda mune ina-stroke modhi yakashongedzerwa neyakakoshesesa meshini inovhura mavharuvhu ekupinza uye ekupera simba panguva chaiyo. Ivo vane basa rekupa chikamu chitsva chemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa uye kubviswa kwemagasi ekupedza.

Kuti mavharuvhu avhure panguva iyo piston yeimwe cylinder inoita kutora uye kupera simba, kuwiriranisa kwecamshaft uye crankshaft kunodiwa. Izvi zvinobvumira mavharuvhu kuti agare achivhura panguva chaiyo, zvisinei nekumhanya kwe crankshaft.

Kuti uenzanise kutenderera kwe crankshaft uye camshafts, unoda nguva bhandi. Pasina gasi rekugovera gasi, injini yechina-stroke haigoni kushanda, sezvo masilinda haakwanisi kuzadza huwandu hunodiwa hwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa panguva yakakodzera, uye mhepo inopera haizobviswi munguva.

Nekuda kwekuvapo kwebhandi renguva, torque inotapurirwa kubva ku crankshaft kuenda kune camshaft, pombi uye, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kweinjini, kune zvimwe zvakabatanidzwa (somuenzaniso, kune jenareta).

Nzira yekuziva sei kana yava nguva yekuchinja bhanhire

Sezvo simba remagetsi richifambiswa kuburikidza nebhandi renguva, uye kumhanya kwe crankshaft kunowanzo kukwira, iyi mota element inopera nekufamba kwenguva. Nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, muridzi wega wega wemotokari achasangana nekudikanwa kwekutsiva bhandi renguva.

Nguva yeiyi nzira inokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakadaro:

• Working resource;
• Kutyorwa kwemitemo yekuisa nekugadzirisa;
• Motor breakdowns;
• Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemotokari, semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchiwanzo tanga injini kubva mukusundira kana kudhonza uye kuita zvikanganiso mune iyi maitiro.

Kazhinji, bhanhire rinotsiviwa mushure meimwe nguva yenguva kana kana pane malfunctions emagetsi emagetsi. 

Dhigirii yekupfeka

Chero chikamu chiri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemagetsi chinosungirwa kupera uye saka chinoda kutsiviwa. Zvakafanana zvinoenda kune bhandi renguva. Kupfeka kwayo chete kunokwidziridzwa nekuputsika mumotokari kana kusashanda zvakanaka kwemotokari.

Kana tikataura nezvekusashanda kweinjini, ipapo wedge yemabheji ekunetsana, kutyorwa kwechiyero chekushushikana (bhandi rakasununguka rinotsvedza, uye iro rakaremerwa rinowedzera mutoro) nezvimwe zvinhu.

Dzimwe nguva mutyairi pachake anogona kukonzera kupera nguva isati yakwana uye kubvaruka kwebhanhire. Sezvatotaurwa, kana motokari isingatangi yega, vamwe vatyairi havaedzi kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nekukurumidza, asi ramba uchitambudza motokari nekutanga kubva kune pusher kana kudhonza. Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekukurumidza kubuda kana bhatiri risina simba.

Mota mileage

Kuti udzivise kutyora kwebhandi renguva, vagadziri vemotokari vanoratidza panguva ipi yaunofanira kushandura chinhu ichi, kunyangwe chichiita sechakachena kunze. Chikonzero ndechekuti nekuda kwekuvapo kwe microcracks, chikamu chinopera nekukurumidza.

Kana mutyairi asina hanya nebhanhire rekugadzirisa bhanhire rakagadzirirwa nemugadziri, ipapo panguva isina kufanira iye achatarisana nekudiwa kwekugadzirisa gasi kugovera nzira nekuda kwebhanhire rakaputsika. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, muridzi wemotokari achafanira kushandisa mari pakugadzirisa kukuru kwemotokari (mamwe marudzi emapistoni anorova mavharuvhu apo bhanhire rinoputika, nekuda kwekuti zvikamu izvi hazvigoneki uye motokari inoda kugadziriswa).

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemota, bhandi renguva rine hupenyu hwayo hwekushanda. Semuenzaniso, mabhureki akadai seAudi, Renault, Honda anogadza bhandi rekutsiva hurongwa hwese 120 zviuru zvemakiromita. Kune BMW, Volkswagen, Nissan, Mazda, nguva ino inotarirwa kutenderedza 95, uye Hyundai inokurudzira kushandura bhandi mushure me75 km. Saka zvinodikanwa kuti ufambise kuwanda kwekutsiva zvinoenderana nezvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri, uye kwete nezvinopihwa nemutyairi kubva kune yakavakidzana garaji.

Chii chinoitika kana bhandi rikadambuka

Mune akawanda masimba emagetsi, mapistoni ane akakosha kuzorora. Kana bhanhire renguva rinoputika mumajini akadaro, hapazovi nekuputsika kwakakosha, kunze kwekudiwa kwekugadzirisa nguva yevhavha. Sezvo mavharuvhu ari mumotokari achifanira kuvhurika panguva yakakodzera, bhandi rakaputsika rinogara richitungamira pakumira kwakazara kwemota.

Sezvo notched pistons inoderedza kushanda kwesimba remagetsi, vamwe vagadziri vanoisa kunyange pistons. Mune injini dzakadaro, kuputsika kwebhanhire renguva kunotungamirira kumusangano wepistoni nemavharuvhu.

Somugumisiro, mavharuvhu akakotama, uye mune dzimwe nguva mapistoni akakuvadzwawo zvakakomba. Zvakatonyanya kuwanda mamiriro ezvinhu apo kuputsika mubhandi rekutyaira kunotungamira mukuputsika kwecamshaft pastel kana kukuvadzwa kune cylinder block.

Kuti udzivise matambudziko akadaro, mutyairi wega wega anofanira kutarisisa kune zvinotevera zviratidzo zvinoratidza kukosha kwekutsiva bhandi:

1. Kuumbwa kwezvimedu uye zvinyorwa zvekupfeka bhanhire. Kana chinhu ichi chakadzivirirwa necasing (mumotokari zhinji iri), saka nguva nenguva inofanirwa kuibvisa kuitira kuti iite ongororo yechikamu.
2. Resource. Kunyange kana motokari isati yapedza makiromita akataurwa mubhuku rekushandisa, bhandi racho ringaramba richida kuchinjwa kana pasina zviratidzo zvinooneka zvokusakara. Bhandi rakagadzirwa nerabha, uye chinyorwa ichi chine hupenyu hwayo, kunyanya pasi pekunetseka kwemagetsi. Nokudaro, mushure memakore 7-8 ekushanda, zviri nani kutsiva bhanhire pasina kumirira kuti risapera.
3. Kusagadzikana kwemotokari kushanda. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nekutsvedza kwebhandi pane shaft pulley. Nekuda kweizvi, nguva yevhavha inovhiringidzika, uye kupisa kunogona kusaitika nemazvo. Injini inogona kutanga zvisina kunaka, troit, inogona kuzununguka. Nemazino akawanda anotsvedza, mavharuvhu nemapistoni anogona kukuvara kana akasangana injini iri kushanda.
4. Hutsi huzhinji hunobva papombi yekupedza simba. Izvi hazvirevi nguva dzose nekuda kwekusashanda mumagetsi ekugovera gasi, asi kana nguva yevhavha ichichinja, ipapo musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta unogona kupisa zvisina kunaka. Kana iyo catalyst yakaiswa mumotokari, inokurumidza kukundikana nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya kunoitika kana mafuta asina kupiswa achipisa mukati meiyo exhaust system.
5. Extraneous sounds. Kana mutyairi anonzwa kudzvanya kwakasimba kune cyclical mune zvakasikwa uye kuwedzera nekukurumidza, zvakakosha kutarisa kuti uone kana bhandi ratanga kudonha. Chikonzero chekunzwika kwakadaro uye imba yeinjini inogona kunge iri kutakura kwakasakara kwepombi yemvura kana jenareta.
6. Mafuta ebhandi. Rubber inokurumidza kuparara kana yasangana nemafuta epetroleum. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kana mavara emafuta akawanikwa pabhanhire, zvakakosha kubvisa kubuda kwemafuta uye kuve nechokwadi chekutsiva bhanhire.
7. Paunotanga injini, mutangi unoshanda, asi injini haina kunyange "kubata". Zvingangodaro, ichi chiratidzo chebhanhire rakaputsika.

Nzira yekusarudza uye kutsiva bhanhire

Sezvo kushanda kwakagadzikana kwemotokari kunoenderana nemhando yebhanhire rekutyaira, zvinokurudzirwa kutenga iyo yekutanga vhezheni. Kunyange zvazvo zvikamu zvakadai zvakadhura zvakanyanya kudarika analogues kubva kune vamwe vanogadzira, paunenge uchishandisa chepakutanga, unogona kuva nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwechikamu chacho, uyewo kuti chichashanda nguva yaro (kana mamiriro ekushanda asina kutyorwa).

Kana iyo bhanhire chikamu chenhamba yeimwe mota isingazivikanwi, saka kutsvaga kunogona kuitwa neVIN code. Nezviratidzo uye nhamba mune iyi nhamba inoratidza rudzi rweinjini, zuva rekugadzirwa kwemotokari, zvichingodaro. Isu tinofarira mhando yeinjini, kwete mhando yemota. Chikonzero ndechekuti mumakore akasiyana ekugadzirwa uye mumatanho akasiyana emhando, iyo imwe mota modhi inogona kuve yakashongedzerwa nemamotor akasiyana, ayo mabhandi avo enguva anotsamira.

Kune vamwe vatyairi, zvakanyanya kuoma kuwana chikamu chakakodzera vari voga. Muchiitiko ichi, unogona kushandisa rubatsiro rwemutengesi muchitoro chezvikamu zvemotokari. Chinhu chikuru ndechokumuudza zuva rekugadzira, modhi uye mhando yemotokari yako, uye kana zvichibvira, rudzi rweinjini.

Paunosarudza bhanhire iwe pachako, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chokuti chikamu chitsva chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvehutano (zvine urefu hwakakodzera, hupamhi, nhamba yemeno, chimiro chavo uye pitch). Kutsiva bhandi kunofanira kuitwa nenyanzvi. Muchiitiko ichi, zvichave zvichibvira kudzivisa kukanganisa paunenge uchiisa bhanhire uye ichashumira nguva yose yakapiwa iyo.