Mabhandi ezvigaro uye zvinosimbisa bhande rechigaro

Chinhu chinonyanyozivikanwa chegadziriro yemotokari inochengetedza mabhandi. Kushandiswa kwaro kunoderedza mukana uye kuoma kwekukuvara nekuda kwekukanganisa kwezvikamu zvakaoma zvemuviri, girazi, uye vamwe vafambi (zvinonzi zvechipiri zvinokonzerwa). Mabhandi echigaro akasungwa anovimbisa kushanda kunobudirira kwema airbags.

Nenhamba yeattachment points, anotevera marudzi emabhandi ezvigaro anosiyaniswa: maviri-, matatu-, mana-, mashanu- uye matanhatu-point.

Mabhandi ezvigaro-mapoinzi maviri (fig. 1) ari kushandiswa sebhandi repakati pechigaro kumashure kwedzimwe mota dzechikuru, pamwe nezvigaro zvevafambi mundege. Bhandi rechigaro rinodzokororwa ibhande repamakumbo rinomonerera muchiuno uye rinosungirirwa mativi ese echigaro.

Mabhandi matatu ezvigaro (fig. 2) ndiwo rudzi rukuru rwemabhandi ezvigaro uye akaiswa pamotokari dzose dzemazuva ano. Iyo 3-point diagonal chiuno bhandi ine V-yakaita kurongeka iyo inogovera zvakaenzana simba rekufamba kwemuviri kuchipfuva, pelvis nemapfudzi. Volvo yakaunza mabhandi ezvigaro-matatu ekutanga akagadzirwa muna 1959. Funga nezvemudziyo mabhandi ezvigaro zvematatu seanonyanyozivikanwa.

Bhandi rezvigaro-matatu rine bhandi, bhandi uye tensioner.

Bhandi rechigaro rinogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasimba uye rinosungirirwa kumuviri nemichina yakakosha pamakona matatu: pambiru, pachikumbaridzo uye padanda rinokosha rine lock. Kuti ugadzirise bhanhire kusvika pakukwirira kweumwe munhu, akawanda magadzirirwo anopa kugadzirisa kukwirira kweiyo yepamusoro yekunamatira point.

Iyo yekuvhara inochengetedza bhandi rechigaro uye inoiswa pedyo nechigaro chemotokari. Rurimi rwesimbi runofambiswa runogadzirwa kuti rubatane netambo yetambo. Sechiyeuchidzo chekuda kupfeka bhandi rechigaro, dhizaini yekiyi inosanganisira switch inosanganisirwa mudunhu reAV alarm system. Yambiro inoitika nemwenje yambiro padashibhodhi uye nechiratidzo chinonzwika. Iyo algorithm yegadziriro iyi yakasiyana kune vakasiyana vanogadzira mota.

Iyo retractor inopa kumanikidzwa kusunungura uye otomatiki rewinding yebhandi rechigaro. Inosungirirwa kumuviri wemotokari. Reel yakashongedzerwa neinertial locking mechanism inomisa kufamba kwebhandi pareel kana pakaitika tsaona. Nzira mbiri dzekuvhara dzinoshandiswa: semugumisiro wekufamba (inertia) yemotokari uye semugumisiro wekufamba kwebhanhire rechigaro pacharo. Iyo tepi inogona chete kudhonzwa kubva kune spool dhiramu zvishoma nezvishoma, pasina kukurumidza.

Mota dzemazuvano dzine mabhandi ezvigaro zvepretensioner.

Mabhandi ezvigaro mashanu (fig. 4) anoshandiswa mumotokari yemitambo uye kuchengetedza vana muzvigaro zvemotokari zvevana. Inosanganisira mabhanhire maviri echiuno, maviri epafudzi uye rimwe gumbo tambo.

Mupunga. 4. Ngano dzemapoinzi mashanu

Iyo 6-point kuchengetedza harness ine mabhanhire maviri pakati pemakumbo, iyo inopa yakachengeteka yakachengeteka yakakodzera kune mutasvi.

Chimwe chezviitiko zvinovimbisa ndeye inflatable seat mabhandi (Fig. 5), iyo izere negesi panguva yenjodzi. Vanowedzera nzvimbo yekubatana nemutakuri uye, maererano naizvozvo, kuderedza mutoro pamunhu. Chikamu chinoputika chinogona kuva chikamu chepfudzi kana chikamu chepfudzi nechiuno. Miedzo inoratidza kuti dhizaini yebhandi rechigaro ichi inopa imwe mativi ekudzivirira kudzivirira.

Mupunga. 5. Mabhandi echigaro anofema

Ford inopa iyi sarudzo muEurope yechizvarwa chechina Ford Mondeo. Kune vafambi vari mumutsara wekumashure, mabhandi ezvigaro anoputika anoiswa. Nzira yacho yakagadzirirwa kuderedza kukuvara kwemusoro, mutsipa uye chifuva pakaitika njodzi kune vatasvi vemashure, avo vanowanzova vana uye vakwegura, avo vanonyanya kutarisana nemhando idzi dzekukuvara. Mukushandiswa kwemazuva ose, mabhandi ezvigaro anoputika anoshanda zvakafanana neanowanzogara uye anoenderana nezvigaro zvevana.

Muchiitiko chetsaona, iyo yekuvhundutsa sensor inotumira chiratidzo kune yekuchengetedza system control unit, iyo unit inotumira chiratidzo kuvhura yekuvhara-vhavha ye carbon dioxide cylinder iri pasi pechigaro, valve inovhura uye gasi raive kare ari compressed mamiriro anozadza chigaro bhandi cushion. Bhandi rinofambisa nekukurumidza, richigovera simba rinokonzera pamusoro pemuviri, iro rakapetwa kashanu kupfuura mabhandi ezvigaro. Iyo activation nguva yetambo iri pasi pe40ms.

Iine itsva Mercedes-Benz S-Kirasi W222, kambani iri kuwedzera sarudzo dzayo dzekuchengetedza chigaro chekumashure. Chigaro chekumashure PRE-SAFE package inosanganisa pretensioners uye airbag mubhandi rechigaro (Beltbag) ine airbag pazvigaro zvekumberi. Iko kushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kwemidziyo iyi panguva yetsaona kunoderedza kukuvara kwevatyairi ne30% zvichienzaniswa nehurongwa hwechinyakare. The seat belt airbag ibhande rechigaro rinokwanisa kufuridza uye nokudaro kuderedza njodzi yekukuvara kune vafambi mukudhumhana kwepamberi nekudzikisa mutoro pachipfuva. Chigaro chekugarira chakashongedzwa sechiyereso chine airbag yakavigwa pasi peupholstery yecushion yechigaro.Kushion yakadaro inodzivirira mufambi ari panzvimbo yakatsamira kuti asatsvedza pasi pebhandi rechigaro kana paitika tsaona (inonzi "diving"). . Nenzira iyi, Mercedes-Benz yakakwanisa kugadzira chigaro chekugara chakagadzika chinopa mwero wakakura wekuchengeteka kana paitika tsaona pane chigaro icho backrest yakatsamira nekuwedzera chigaro chechigaro.

Sechiyero chinopesana nekusashandisa mabhandi ezvigaro, mabhandi ezvigaro ezvigaro zvakarongwa kubva muna 1981 (Fig. 6), iyo inochengetedza mufambi kana musuo wakavharwa (injini kutanga) uye kumusunungura kana mukova wavhurwa (injini. tanga kumira). Sezvo mutemo, kufamba kwebhanhire repafudzi rinofamba pamwe chete nemicheto yegonhi remukova rinongoitwa. Bhandi rinosungwa nemaoko. Nekuda kwekuoma kwedhizaini, iko kusagadzikana kwekupinda mumotokari, otomatiki mabhandi ezvigaro haasati ashandiswa.

Mupunga. 6. Automatic seat belt

2. Seat belt tensioners

Pakumhanya kwe, semuenzaniso, 56 km / h, inotora anenge 150 ms kubva panguva yekudhumhana neyakagadziriswa chipingamupinyi kusvika pakumira kwakazara kwemotokari. Mutyairi uye mutyairi wemota haana nguva yekuita chero zviito munguva pfupi yakadaro, saka ivo vatori vechikamu vanongoita zvechimbichimbi. Munguva iyi, bhandi rechigaro pretensioners, airbags uye bhatiri kuuraya switch inofanirwa kuvhurwa.

Mutsaona, mabhandi ezvigaro anofanira kutora simba rinenge rakaenzana nekinetic simba remunhu anodonha kubva pauriri hwechina hwechivako chakakwirira. Nekuda kwekugona kupera simba kwebhandi rechigaro, pretensioner (pretensioner) inoshandiswa kutsiva kupera simba uku.

Mutsigiri webhandi rechigaro unodzosera bhandi rechigaro kana paitika kubondera. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza bhandi rechigaro (nzvimbo iri pakati pebhandi rechigaro nemuviri). Nokudaro, bhandi rechigaro rinodzivirira mutakuri kuti asaende mberi (maererano nekufamba kwemotokari) mberi.

Mota dzinoshandisa zvese zviri zviviri diagonal seat belt pretensioners uye mabuckle pretensioners. Kushandisa marudzi ese ari maviri kunobvumidza iwe kunyatso gadzirisa mutakuri, sezvo mune iyi kesi sisitimu inodhonza bhandi kumashure, panguva imwe chete ichisimbisa diagonal uye ventral mapazi echigaro bhandi. Mukuita, tensioners yemhando yekutanga inonyanya kuiswa.

Iyo bhandi rechigaro tensioner inovandudza tension uye inovandudza bhanhire kutsvedza kudzivirira. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekukasira kuendesa bhandi rechigaro pretensioner panguva yekutanga kukanganisa. Kufamba kwakanyanya kwemutyairi kana mutyairi munzira yekumberi kunofanirwa kunge kuri 1 cm, uye nguva yemaitiro emuchina inofanira kunge iri 5 ms (yakanyanya kukosha 12 ms). Iyo tensioner inova nechokwadi chekuti chikamu chebhandi (kusvika 130mm kureba) chakasungwa munenge 13ms.

Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye mechanical seat belt pretensioners (Fig. 7).

Mupunga. 7. Mechanical seat belt tensioner: 1 - bhandi rechigaro; 2 - ratchet vhiri; 3 - axis yeinertial coil; 4 - latch (yakavharwa nzvimbo); 5 - pendulum mudziyo

Kuwedzera kune echinyakare mehendi tensioners, vagadziri vazhinji vava kushongedza mota nepyrotechnic tensioners (Mufananidzo 8).

Mupunga. 8. Pyrotechnic tensioner: 1 - bhanhire rechigaro; 2 - piston; 3 - pyrotechnic cartridge

Iwo anobatiswa kana iyo sisitimu yakavakirwa-mukati sensor inoona kuti yakafanotemerwa deceleration chikumbaridzo chapfuudzwa, zvichiratidza kutanga kwekudhumhana. Izvi zvinopisa detonator ye pyrotechnic cartridge. Kana iyo cartridge inoputika, gasi rinosunungurwa, kudzvinyirira kunoshanda papiston yakabatana nebhanhire rechigaro. Iyo piston inofamba nekukurumidza uye inomanikidza bhandi. Kazhinji, nguva yekupindura yechigadzirwa haipfuuri 25 ms kubva pakutanga kwekubuda.

Kuti adzivise kuremedza chipfuva, mabhandi aya ane tension limiter anoshanda sezvinotevera: kutanga, mutoro mukuru unobvumirwa unosvika, mushure mezvo muchina wemuchina unobvumira mutakurwi kufamba chinhambwe chakati mberi, achichengeta mwero wechaji nguva dzose.

Zvinoenderana nedhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda, anotevera marudzi echigaro bhandi tensioners anosiyaniswa:

• tambo ine mechanical drive;
• bhora;
• turning;
• sherufu;
• reversible.

2.1. Cable tensioner yebhandi rechigaro

The chigaro bhanhire tensioner 8 uye otomatiki chigaro bhandi reel 14 ndizvo zvikuru zvinoumba netambo tensioner (Fig. 9). Iyo sisitimu inofambiswa yakagadziriswa pane inodzivirira chubhu 3 muvhavha yekutakura, zvakafanana kune yakamira pendulum. Tambo yesimbi 1 inogadziriswa papiston 17. Iyo tambo yakakuvadzwa uye yakaiswa pane inodzivirira chubhu padhiramu 18 yetambo.

Iyo tension module ine zvinhu zvinotevera:

• sensors muchimiro che "spring-mass" system;
• gasi jenareta 4 ine pyrotechnic propellant charge;
• piston 1 netambo yesimbi muchubhu.

Kana kuderedzwa kwemotokari panguva yekudhumhana kunodarika imwe kukosha, ipapo sensor spring 7 inotanga kumanikidza pasi pechiito che sensor mass. Iyo sensor ine tsigiro 6, gasi jenareta 4 ine pyrotechnic charge yakadzimwa nayo, chitubu chinovhundutsa 5, piston 1 uye chubhu 2.

Mupunga. 9. Cable tensioner: a - ignition; b - voltage; 1, 16 - piston; 2 - chubhu; 3 - inodzivirira chubhu; 4 - gasi jenareta; 5, 15 - chitubu chekuvhunduka; 6 - sensor bracket; 7 - sensor spring; 8 - bhandi rechigaro; 9 - ndiro yekuvhunduka ine pini yekuvhunduka; 10, 14 - bhanhire rechigaro rinoputika nzira; 11 - sensor bolt; 12 - giya rim ye shaft; 13 - chikamu chemazino; 17 - tambo yesimbi; 18 - ngoma

Kana tsigiro 6 yafamba chinhambwe chakakura kupfuura zvakajairwa, iyo gasi jenareta 4, yakabatwa pakuzorora ne sensor bolt 11, inoburitswa munzira yakatwasuka. Iyo yakasimbiswa maitiro chitubu 15 inoisundira yakananga kune pini yekukanganisa mundiro yekukanganisa. Apo jenereta yegesi inorova iyo impactor, gasi jenereta float charge rinopisa (Fig. 9, a).

Panguva ino, gasi inopinzwa muchubhu 2 uye inofambisa piston 1 netambo yesimbi 17 pasi (Fig. 9, b). Munguva yekutanga kufamba kwetambo ronda rakatenderedza clutch, iyo mazino segment 13 inofamba ichibuda kunze kubva pachigubhu pasi pekuita kwesimba rekumhanyisa uye inobata neinothed rim ye shaft 12 yechigaro bhandi winder 14.

2.2. Mubatisi bhande rebhora

Inosanganisira compact module iyo, kunze kwekuonekwa kwebhanhire, inosanganisirawo bhanhire rekumanikidzana (fig. 10). Mechanical actuation inongoitika chete kana bhandi rechigaro bhandi sensor inoona kuti bhandi rechigaro rakasungwa.

Bhodhi bhanhire bhandi pretensioner rinoshandiswa nemabhora akaiswa muchubhu 9. Muchiitiko chekudhumhana, airbag control unit inotungidza ejecting charge 7 (Fig. 10, b). Mumagetsi echigaro bhandi tensioners, iyo activation yedhiraivha yedhiraivha inoitwa neiyo airbag control unit.

Kana iyo ejected charge ikabatidzwa, magasi ari kuwedzera anoisa mabhora mukufamba uye anoatungamira kuburikidza negiya 11 mubharumu 12 kunotora mabhora.

Mupunga. 10. Bhora tensioner: a - general view; b - kupisa; c - voltage; 1, 11 - giya; 2, 12 - bharumu yemabhora; 3 - dhiraivha michina (mechanical kana yemagetsi); 4, 7 - pyrotechnic propellant charge; 5, 8 - bhandi rechigaro; 6, 9 - chubhu ine mabhora; 10 - bhandi rechigaro mhepo

Sezvo bhanhire rebhanhire rakanyatsobatanidzwa kune sprocket, rinotenderera nemabhora, uye bhanhire rinodzokorora (Fig. 10, c).

2.3. Rotary belt tensioner

Inoshanda pamusimboti we rotor. Iyo tensioner ine rotor 2, detonator 1, drive mechanism 3 (Fig. 11, a)

Iyo yekutanga detonator inofambiswa ne mechanical kana electric drive, nepo gasi rinowedzera rinotenderera rotor (Fig. 11, b). Sezvo rotor yakabatana nebhanhire shaft, bhanhire rechigaro rinotanga kudzoka. Pakusvika kune imwe kona yekutenderera, rotor inovhura bypass chiteshi 7 kune yechipiri cartridge. Pasi pechiito chekushanda kwekushanda mukamuri Nhamba 1, yechipiri cartridge inopisa, nekuda kwekuti rotor inoramba ichitenderera (Fig. 11, c). Flue magasi kubva mukamuri Nhamba 1 kubuda nemugero rekubuda 8.

Mupunga. 11. Rotary tensioner: a - general view; b - chiito chekutanga detonator; c - chiito chechipiri detonator; g - chiito chechitatu chemoto; 1 - chirauro; 2 - rotor; 3 - dhiraivha nzira; 4 - bhandi rechigaro; 5, 8 - nzira yekubuda; 6 - basa rekutanga chirauro; 7, 9, 10 - bypass nzira; 11 - actuation yechipiri detonator; 12 - kamuri Nhamba 1; 13 - kushanda kwechirauro chechitatu; 14 - nhamba yekamera 2

Kana yechipiri bypass channel 9 inosvika, cartridge yechitatu inopiswa pasi pechiito chekushanda kwekushanda mukamuri Nhamba 2 (Fig. 11, d). Iyo rotor inoramba ichitenderera uye gasi rinopedza kubva mukamuri Nhamba 2 inobuda kuburikidza nekubuda kwe5.

2.4. Belt tensioner

Nokuda kwekufambisa kushandiswa kwesimba kune bhanhire, zvakasiyana-siyana rack uye pinion zvishandiso zvinoshandiswawo (Fig. 12).

Rack tensioner inoshanda sezvinotevera. Pachiratidzo cheiyo airbag control unit, detonator charge inobatidza. Pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemagasi anoguma, piston ine rack 8 inokwira kumusoro, zvichiita kuti kutenderera kwegiya 3, iyo inobatanidzwa nayo. Kutenderera kwegiya 3 kunoendeswa kumagiya 2 uye 4. Gear 2 yakanyatsobatanidzwa kune yekunze mhete 7 ye overrunning clutch, iyo inotumira torque kune torsion shaft 6. Kana mhete 7 inotenderera, ma rollers 5 e clutch ari. yakasungirirwa pakati pe clutch uye torsion shaft. Somugumisiro wekutenderera kwe torsion shaft, bhanhire rechigaro rinomanikidzwa. Belt tension inoburitswa kana piston yasvika padamper.

Mupunga. 12. Seat belt tensioner: a - kutanga nzvimbo; b - kuguma kwekunetseka kwebhanhire; 1 - kuvhunduka kunobata; 2, 3, 4 - magiya; 5 - roller; 6 - axis of torsion; 7 - mhete yekunze ye clutch inoputika; 8 - piston ine rack; 9 - firecracker

2.5 reversible bhandi tensioner

Mune mamwe maitiro akaoma ekuchengetedza ekuchengetedza, kuwedzera kune pyrotechnic seat belt pretensioners, reversible seat belt pretensioner (Fig. 13) ine control unit uye adaptive seat belt force limiter (switchable.

Imwe neimwe inodzoreredzwa bhandi rechigaro pretensioner inodzorwa neyakasiyana control unit. Zvichienderana nemirairo yebhasi yedata, bhandi rechigaro pretensioner control units inosimudzira yakabatana actuating motors.

Reversible tensioners vane matatu mazinga e actuation simba:

1. kushanda kwakaderera - kusarudzwa kwebhanhire rechigaro chinodonha;
2. chiyero chesimba - kushushikana kwechidimbu;
3. simba rakakwirira - kushushikana kwakazara.

Kana iyo airbag control unit ikaona kudhumhana kwepamberi kusingade pyrotechnic pretensioner, inotumira chiratidzo kune pretensioner control unit. Vanoraira mabhandi ezvigaro kuti apinzwe zvizere nemadhiraivha.

Mupunga. 13. Seat bhandi ne reversible pretensioner: 1 - gear; 2 - chirauro; 3 - inotungamira drive

Iyo mota shaft (isina kuratidzwa muFig. 13), inotenderera negiya, inotenderedza dhisiki inofambiswa yakabatana kune bhandi rechigaro shaft neaviri anodzoreredza zvikorekedzo. Bhandi rechigaro rinoputira musero uye rinosimbisa.

Kana iyo shaft yemota isingatenderere kana kutenderera zvishoma kune yakatarisana, zvikorekedzo zvinogona kupeta mukati uye kusunungura bhandi rechigaro.

Iyo switchable seat belt force limiter inoshanda mushure mekunge pyrotechnic pretensioners yaiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, nzira yekuvhara inovhara axis yebhanhire, ichidzivirira bhanhire kuti risasununguke nekuda kweiyo inertia yemitumbi yevafambi uye mutyairi.