Renault R35

Pasinei nekukanganisa kweR35 mumushandirapamwe wePolish we1939, vaigona kubatsira kune mukana wemunharaunda, vachiwedzera mikana yekubudirira kurwisana nemurwi weGermany.

Kuitwa kwehurongwa hwekuwedzera kwezvombo pahwaro hweindasitiri yemumba kwaifanira kunge kwakangogumira kumatangi ane nhumbi dzakatetepa uye zvaigona kuitwa nekumhanya zvishoma (...) tinogona kuwana mota dzakashongedzerwa dzehondo, matangi ane nhumbi dzokurwa dzakakora. , chete Kunze kwenyika, mamiriro acho aive ekugamuchira chikwereti, nekuti. takanga tisina mari yekutenga nemari. Zvisinei, zvisinei nekuti vatinodyidzana navo vakagadzira matangi akawanda aive akanaka uye asingadhure pane edu, uye kunyangwe takawana zvikwereti pakutenga kwavo, matambudziko ekutora midziyo iyi aive akakura zvekuti hondo isati yatanga takangowana. iye nokuda kwehondo imwe chete.

Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Chief of the General Staff (GSh), Lieutenant General Vaclav Stakhevich, vakapfupisa kuedza kwePoland kutenga matangi emwenje kubva kuFrance mukupera kwemaXNUMXs. Ichi chinyorwa, kunyangwe chichinyatso kutsanangura chokwadi chenguva iyoyo, zvakadaro kurerutsa uye hachiratidzi zvizere mamiriro ekunze uye matambudziko mukuita sarudzo akaperekedza vakuru vevashandi vekuPoland muhafu yechipiri yemakumi mashanu.

General Stakhevich muna Gumiguru 21, 1936, mumirayiridzo yake yaitsanangura mishoni dzehondo dzematangi emwenje, yakaratidza kudyidzana mukugumbura nevevacheche seyakanyanya kukosha. Ichi chinodiwa, chakanyatso itwa neR35, mukuita chakanangana nekuchimbidza kushandura pakati pesimba rekurwisa kwayo padanho rehunyanzvi uye kupa kurova kwakasimba uko Npl. akapera simba. (...) Matangi anodiwa kana achipaza kurwisa kwepamberi, asi tactical flank inofanirwa kutorwa sechikamu chekurwisa kwepamberi.

Kutora chikamu kwematangi akareruka mukudzivirira kurwisa vavengi mauto ezvombo kana kuperekedza madiki emota mayuniti ezvawo zvakazotaurwa gare gare nemukuru webasa remubhodha. Kuchinja kana kuwedzera mabasa matsva kuPolish light tank akamanikidza kuunzwa kwematangi e7TP ane 37 mm wz. 37. Idzi motokari, kunyange zvazvo dzisina kugadzirwa neizvi mupfungwa, dzakava matangi epasi rose muPoland. Dzimba "mateki manomwe" aifanira kushanda mukudzivirira uye mukugumbura, kutora chikamu mukuita basa rekuita uye, pakupedzisira, muhondo yekurwisa matangi evavengi. Zvakadaro, kupa tangi rutsigiro rwemauto ane hushamwari panguva yekurwiswa kwenzvimbo yakakomberedzwa nemuvengi yakaramba iri basa rakakosha kune tangi remwenje rePoland. Tangi yeFrance R35 yakanyatsokodzera rudzi urwu rwebasa.

Matangi eR35 akaunzwa kuPoland akapendwa mumavara akajairwa emauto eFrance. Isati yarwiswa neGerman kurwisa Poland, mota dzePoland dzaive dzisina kufukidzwa nechinangwa chetricolor camouflage.

Kutanga kwa1939 yaive nguva yakabatikana kwazvo maererano nekutenga matangi kuPoland, uye yakatobvumira imwe tarisiro ine mwero kukura. Muhafu yekutanga yaKurume, komisheni yePoland yakaona muPrague mhando mbiri dzematangi epakati akakurudzirwa nemakambani Českomoravská Kolben-Danek neŠkoda. Idzo mota mbiri dzakaita fungidziro yakanaka kune vamiriri vedu zvekuti pfungwa yekushongedza tangi yepakati nenhumbi dzepamba yakamutswa kwechinguva. Pazuva rekupedzisira raKurume, mukuru wemauto akaendesa kumukuru wevarindi vemuganhu chirevo chekushanya kumafekitori eCzech, pamwe nekuongorora kwakanaka kweV8Hz uye S-II-c mota ("Kugona kutenga. matangi kunze kwenyika”, No. 1776). Musoro wacho waitaridza kuvimbisa, nekuti, kunge brig. Stanislav Kozitsky - Zviremera zveCzech zvaive zvichizobvumirana nekugadzirwa kwemarezinesi emotokari parwizi rweVistula. Ruzivo kubva kunhaurirano dzakanaka dzekutengeserana, chiziviso chekuyedzwa kwemotokari kwemotokari, uye mazuva akatemerwa ekutakura ematangi ekutanga epakati zvechokwadi aive nemhedzisiro pakufungidzira. Dambudziko nderekuti zuva rakatevera mushure mekupera kwenhaurirano, Wehrmacht yakapinda muPrague. General Kozitsky vakati vachifunga nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu, kuenderera mberi kwenhaurirano kunofanirwa kuitwa nemumiriri wemauto ePoland muBerlin. Kutaura mashoko akadai pamberi pemukuru weBorder Guard kwairatidza hushingi hukuru kana kusanzwisisa mamiriro aivepo. Kuedza kutenga mota dzeV8Hz kuburikidza nekambani yeSwiss A. Saurer kana iyo Swedish Landswerk zvingaite sezvine musoro. Zvese zviri zviviri zvimiro izvi zvainyatsozivikanwa nevakuru vemauto ePoland uye, zvakakosha, vaive nemarezinesi akakodzera, nekudaro mukana wekufungidzira wekuenderera mberi nenhaurirano uye kuzadzisa kurongeka kwePoland.

Mukuita, matangi ega aivepo aive eFrench R35 kana D2, kunyangwe iwo ekupedzisira aive asina shungu pakati pemauto ePoland. Vimbiso dzakagamuchirwa muchirimo kubva kuvashandi vekunetseka nezve mukana wekupa Somua S35 matangi muzvikamu zvezvikamu zvishanu pamwedzi kana matangi eFCM 36 haana kuwana kudzokororwa kudiki panguva yenhaurirano dzakaoma nemauto kubva kuSeine. Iyo French vhezheni inomutsidzira nekukurumidza, yatova pakati paApril, apo matangi matanhatu ehondo anokosha anenge 50-70 miriyoni zlotys, nhamba yemotokari mazana matatu, ari kuwedzera kuoneka. Zvisinei, izvi zvichiri kumirira, sezvo nyaya yekuwana chikwereti chitsva ichiuya pamberi. Mari yakasara kubva kuchikwereti kuenda kuRambouillet yakabvumira kutenga battalion imwe chete yematangi. Muna Chivabvu, matangi ari pamusoro pezvido zveRepublic yekumabvazuva. Musi wa300 Chivabvu, embassy yePoland muParis inobvunza muzinda weWarsaw kuti uratidze kuti ndeupi rudzi rwetangi, R26 kana H35, inonyanya kufarirwa nemauto ePoland uye kana nhaurirano dzichifanira kutaurirana nemaFrench pane ese ari maviri akasiyana emotokari yakareruka. Pakati paChikumi chaimo, Colonel Fida akafonera Warsaw: General Gamelin akasimbisa kugadzirira kwake kupa battalion yematangi eR35 ane maH35 akati wandei. Ndichatumira report nemutumwa.

Pazuva rimwe chetero, mukuru weMauto Administration uye 60th Mutevedzeri weGurukota rezveMauto, Brig. Mieczysław Maciejowski anokurudzira kutenga battalion imwe yematangi, ingangove emhando imwe chete (mota mbiri) nekukasira kutumirwa, midziyo yakazara uye inotenderedza stock. Chete caveat mukana wekufananidza zviteshi zveredhiyo zveFrance nePolish kutumira uye kugamuchira zviteshi N2C uye N1S. Tarisiro, inozivikanwa kubva ku1938, yekukurumidza kuendeswa kwemotokari dzemarudzi maviri munyika mushure mokunge platoon (3 units) yatangazve kutanga miedzo yemunda.

Panguva imwecheteyo, Colonel Fida akaudzwa nezvekuenda kuParis kweimwe komisheni yePoland, panguva ino inotungamirwa naColonel Eugeniusz Wyrwinski. Mwedzi gare gare, pana July 15, 1939, brig. Tadeusz Kossakowski anorairwa kuti atore hutungamiriri hwenyanzvi dzemauto ePoland dzatove kushanda paSeine, ine chinangwa chekuwana zvekushandisa zvemauto.

Iyo itsva vhezheni yemirairo, yakagadzirirwa muna Chikumi neGeneral Staff, inoti: Maererano nechikwereti chezvinhu chakapihwa kwatiri muhuwandu hwe430 mamirioni euros. nenzira yekubviswa kwezvombo zvehondo neuto reFrance - ndinokumbira rwendo rwekukurumidza kuenda kuParis neKomisheni (...) Basa raVaGeneral richava rekutsvaga zvakadzama pamusoro pemikana yekuendesa uye mazuva. uye kuenzana kwemitengo maererano nehurongwa hunotevera hwekukosha kwemidziyo (...) The General Staff kugamuchira 300 matangi akakurudzira maFrench (akadai seRenault, Hotchkiss uye imwe battalion yeSomois) nenzira yehondo dzakarongeka zvakakwana (nemiswe). ) Inenge hafu yehuwandu hwechikwereti chitsva, i.e. 210 miriyoni mafrancs eFrance, yaizoshandiswa pakutenga matangi nematirakita ezvombo. Panguva imwe chete nezviitiko zvambotaurwa, boka rekutanga reRenault R35 matangi emwenje ratova munzira kuenda kuPoland.

Paivhu rePoland

Mashoko abrigadier general. Vatslav Stakhevich, kunyange zvazvo akanga akarurama munzira dzakawanda, haana kuratidza kunyunyuta uye kusiyana kwemaonero pamusoro pematangi eR35 uye zvombo zvavo zvaivepo pakati pevatungamiri vemauto ePoland muhafu yechipiri ye71.926. Sarudzo yekutenga michina iri mubvunzo muFrance yakamiswa, kunyangwe muchidimbu yakatsigirwa nechido chepamutemo chekuwana iyo yakanyanya kunaka michina pachikwereti. Pakupedzisira, mushure mekutevedzana kwenzendo uye nhaurirano nedivi reFrance, chibvumirano chakakodzera chakasainwa. Kubva pairi, matangi akasarudzwa kutengeswa. Neraki, Hondo yePoland yakagamuchira mota nyowani, kubva mukugadzirwa ikozvino kweBoulogne-Billancourt fekitori (odha 503 D / P) kana yakagoverwa kubva kune zviwanikwa zve503rd tank regiment (503 régiment de chars de Combat, 3 RCC). Mazhinji emichina iyi yakatorwa pakati paKurume 15 naChikumi 1939 XNUMX.

Mota dzese dzainanga kuVistula dzaive neAPX-R turrets ine maepiscopates, kunyangwe maFrench anga atove nemusiyano nePPL RX 160 diascopes ine nzvimbo yakafara yekuona kupfuura shanduro dzekare dzezviridzwa. Munguva kubva 11 kusvika 12 Chikunguru 1937, battalion yeR35 light tanks yakatengwa nePoland, pamwe nekuyedza "muswe" muchimiro cheH35, yakatakurwa muchikepe chePoland chekutakura zvinhu Levant, chakahaiwa kubva kumuridzi wechikepe Zhegluga Polskaya. Zuva rakatevera racho, chokufambisa chakatumirwa kuchiteshi chengarava cheGdynia. Chiito chekukurumidzira chekuburitsa chaifanira kutakura zviratidzo zvese zvekuvandudza, sezvinoratidzwa negwaro "Mashoko akakosha pakuburutswa kwevatakuri vezvombo. uye motokari uye zvombo muGdynia kubva muchikepe "Levant" 15-17.VII.1939" yaJuly 27.

Rondedzero yacho inotanga nepomero yokuti murayiro wokuenda kwevashandi vakatumwa kubva kuWarsaw kunotora chokufambisa pachiteshi wakanonoka kupiwa, uyo wakagadzirirwa mangwanani aAugust 14, uye kuuburusa kwaifanira kutanga mumaawa amangwanani-ngwanani. zuva rinotevera. Kukanganisa kana kutarisisa kwakaitwa pakutanga kwakakonzera kukurumidza mukugadzirira kwezvinyorwa zvekufambisa - semuenzaniso, pakanga pasina nguva yekuona mutero wekutakura wakasarudzika kubva kuPKP yekota yekufambisa. Zvakanga zvakafanirawo kukunda matambudziko akasangana nawo mukuwana kuregererwa kubva mukubhadhara mabasa uye mukusarudzwa kwengoro dzechitima (mapuratifomu) nekuda kwedata rakakwana pamusoro pekuumbwa kwemutoro unosvika kubva kuDunkirk. Nzvimbo isina kucherechedzwa yekudzikunura, iyo, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvivakwa zvakaringana, yakamanikidza kushandiswa kweLevant manual ship cranes, pane ma cranes echiteshi anowanikwa anenge 300 m kure kubva pier (iyo yaive isina basa panguva yese yekuburitsa), iyo inowedzera. yakaoma hurongwa hwose. Kupfuurirazve, zvakave zvakafanira kusunda chitima chezvitima, kunyanya ngoro dzepfuti (nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza) semhedzisiro yechitima chisina kuunganidzwa. Mota hadzina kupihwa kune vega vakamira pamauto ehondo kuOksovye, kana mota imwe chete yekomisheni yekumisikidza, iyo inofanirwa kushandira pamwe nezvikamu zviri kure zvetsika. Kugadzirisa dambudziko racho, mabhazi emuguta nematekisi akashandiswa, izvo zvakanyanya kuwedzera mutengo wekuburitsa. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa, zvakaratidzwawo kuti basa rekuchengetedza rakanga risiri kushanda nemazvo, zvichibvumira vekunze vakawanda kuti vapinde munzvimbo yekudzikisa zvinhu kana kuzivisa zvisiri izvo vashandi vanobatanidzwa mukuita.

Pakupedzisira, kubva pachiteshi, motokari dzinosvika kuWarsaw nechitima musi waJuly 19, uye pano mamiriro acho akaoma. Hazvinyatsozivikanwi kana chitima chaipfuura nemuguta guru chakaguma muMain Armored Warehouse, uye kana zvakadaro, matangi akaburutswa ipapo here? Munyori anorerekera kune thesis kuti izvi hazvina kuitika, nekuti kurodha / kutakurwa kwemotokari nyowani kwaizotora nguva yakawandisa, uye zuva rekusvika kwechitima muLutsk rinozivikanwa - husiku hwaChikunguru 21-22. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti marekodhi anodiwa mune repository kuSt. Stalova 51 yakavharwa kwenguva pfupi, chete mota dzakaiswa dzakaiswa kunze kwechitima, ndokuzotumirwa nechitima kuLutsk, iri makiromita 400 kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Ikoko chete kwaigona kuita hurongwa hwekutonga kwakakodzera, hunosanganisira kuisa matangi ega ega pazvinyorwa zvemauto, kugovera nhamba dzekunyoresa dzechiPolish kwavari, kupa magwaro, nezvimwewo. Kunyange muboka revarwi, maR35 akashanda pasi pekutanga, i.e. Nhamba dzeFrench. , muzhizha. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa zvakare kuti chikamu chezvikepe zvechiuto chakasvika pamwe nematangi, kusanganisira Laffly 15VR off-road light wheeled mota.