Anonyanya kuzivikanwa akabatwa neCaronades
Imwe frigate yekuAmerica yakareruka seEssex, yakawandisa asi ishoma pakuratidzwa pane huru Constitution-class frigates. Period mufananidzo. Munyori wemufananidzo: Jean-Jerome Beaujan
Caronades, pfuti dzakananga dzemukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, dzakapfupi-mabharaki uye dziri pfupi-refu, asi dzakareruka zvakanyanya maererano nehunhu hwadzo, dzakaita basa rakakosha muhondo dzemugungwa dzenguva iyoyo uye muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rakatevera, kunyangwe panguva imwe chete ivo vakanyanya kufungidzira uye vakati kwavari zviito uye kwete izvo zvikamu zvezvikepe izvo ivo vainyanya kukosha. Uye munhu wavo anonyanya kuzivikanwa akanga asiri chikepe chakadzingwa kubva ku caronades, asi zvakapesana - iyo yaifanira kuzvipira kumuvengi, nokuti artillery yaro yaiva nepfuti dzakawanda dzekugadzirwa uku.
Kuberekwa kweEssex frigate
Kuvaka ngarava dzeAmerica pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX kwaive neakawanda maficha. Mauto emugungwa akatambura nekushaikwa kwemari kusingaperi kwakakonzerwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekusafarira kukuru kwehurumende yepakati, tsika dzekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe dziri kurarama munharaunda, uye nekutenda kuti pakanga pasina chikonzero chekugadzira mamwe mauto ehondo kupfuura ayo anodzivirira. . mahombekombe ega (anonzwisiswa zvakanyanya sezviito zvinorambidza). Paivewo nekuziva kuti hazvingaite kuenzana muhuwandu - mukati menguva inonzwisisika - mauto emakungwa makuru eEurope, akadai seBritish, French, Spanish kana kunyange maDutch. Kumwe kutyisidzira kuri kubuda, sekuita kweNorth African corsairs / pirates kana Napoleon's light forces against American merchant ships, akaedzwa kurwiswa nekuvaka nhamba shoma yezvikepe, zvakasimba zvikuru muzvikamu zvadzo, kuitira kuti zvirege kushanda muhombe. mapoka uye kuita mabasa makuru, kunyange kana kuhwina duels . Aya ndiwo masikirwo akaitwa mafrigates makuru eBumbiro reBumbiro.
Vakanga vaine zvipingamupinyi zvavo uye zvavaigona, kunze kwezvo, pakutanga havana kugamuchirwa nechido uye nekunzwisisa, saka maAmerican akagadzira mamwe mayuniti echinyakare. Imwe yacho yaive 32-pfuti frigate Essex. Yakavakwa panguva yeQuasi-War neFrance nemari kubva muhomwe yeruzhinji.
Dhizaini yakaitwa naWilliam Hackett uye muvaki aive Enos Briggs weSalem, Massachusetts. Mushure mekuisa keel musi waApril 13, 1799, chikwata chakatangwa musi waSeptember 30, tr. uye yakapedzwa musi waDecember 17, 1799. Kumhanya kwekuvaka kwaishamisa, kunyange muzera rezvikepe zvemapuranga, apo zvinhu zvekuvaka zvaifanira kuchembera zvose zvisati zvachekwa uye pamatanho ega ega ekuunganidza, izvi hazvina kuunza zvakanaka kune hupenyu hurefu hwefrigate. Kune avo vasina kana zviuru gumi. kuvanhu veSaremu, kuvakwa kwengarava huru yakadaro chaiva chiitiko chinokosha. Nekudaro, panguva yekutanga Essex, yakashongedzerwa nebhatiri huru ine 10-pounder pfuti, yakanga isina kunyanya kusiyana nemamwe mayuniti ari muchikamu ichi. Pamafrigate 12 eFrance ari mubasa rinoshingaira, 61 akanga ari eiyi kirasi; kubva pa25 Britons, hafu yehuwandu. Asi vamwe vose vakatakura pfuti huru inorema (yaisanganisira pfuti 126 ne18). Mukati mekirasi yayo, iyo Essex yaive yakamisikidzwa, kunyangwe kuita kwayo kusingakwanise kuenzaniswa neiyo yemafrigate akafanana eFrench kana eBritish nekuda kweakasiyana masisitimu ekuyera munzvimbo mune imwe neimwe ngarava.
Essex yakatanga chikepe pakupera kwaZvita 1799, ichiperekedzwa nekonikoni kuenda kuDutch East Indies. Akaratidza kuva mudziyo unogona kumira mamiriro ekunze akaoma uye inokurumidza zvakakwana, ine simba guru rekubata, rinodzora, rakachengetedzwa zvakanaka mumhepo, kunyange zvazvo rine simba rakawanda (longitudinal sway). Zvisinei, sezvaitarisirwa kubva pakuvakwa kwechimbichimbi, kare muna 1807 zvikamu zvakakura zvemafuremu emuouki machena ekuAmerica zvakawanikwa zvakaora uye zvaifanira kutsiviwa nezvimedu zvemuoki zvitsva, sezvaifanira kuitwa mapuranga, matanda uye matanda. yakatsiviwa. kusvika 1809. Munguva yekugadzirisa, yakasimbiswa mativi eplating strips yakasimudzwa uye kurerekera kwemukati kwemativi kwakaderedzwa.
The frigate aiva muhondo basa kubva December 22, 1799 kusvika August 2, 1802, kubva May 1804 kusvika July 28, 1806, uye kubva February 1809 kusvika March 1814. Tariro kana kupinda muPacific Ocean. Chinjo huru dzakaitika muzvombo zvayo. Kutanga kwazvose, muna February 1809, makaronadhi anorema makirogiramu 32 akaoneka panzvimbo yokumashure neyouta, izvo zvakawedzera uremu hwesalvo yepadivi nekanenge kaviri nehafu! Kugadziridzwa kwakanyanya kukosha kwaive kutsiviwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 1811 ye12-pounder main battery ine 32-pounder caronades. Ichokwadi, nekuda kweizvi, huremu hwehupamhi hwakawedzera neimwe 48%, asi izvi zvairevawo kuti yakanga yakashongedzerwa nepfuti, umo, kubva kune dzose 46 makanoni akareba uye caronades, matanhatu chete aigona kupfura kubva kune yakajairika.
Munyori wemufananidzo: Jean-Jerome Boja
