Yakawanda Yakakwana Mbeu dzakauchikwa Dzakamboitwa
BMW's-mode-hybridi Chaizvoizvo, kwaive kuratidzwa kwetekinoroji yakanyanyisa.
Makambani emotokari anowanzo penda mifananidzo yekukwana mumabuditsiro avo, asi mukuita havagone kufanotaura mafambiro ezviitiko zvepasirese uye kuronga maitiro avo nenzira yakakodzera kwazvo. Dzimwe nguva shanduko dzinoda kuitwa panhunzi, dzimwe nguva nekukurumidza, dzimwe nguva kwete zvakakwana zvakakwana. Chero nzira, vanouya navo chiitiko chisingaenzanisike, uye shanduko yeiyo BMW's hybrid lineup muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi. Iyo inodzungaira munzira dzakasiyana kudzamara yawana iwo mafomu akajeka, kuratidza uye humwe hunhu hwainayo parizvino.
Maitiro ekuwedzera kwakakosha kwemitengo yemafuta, iyo yakatanga pakutanga kwezana remakore re1993 ikaenderera nekukurumidza mukati memakore gumi anotevera, yakashamisa vaongorori vazhinji uye yakamutsa shanduko dzakakosha muindasitiri yemotokari. Panguva iyoyo, BMW yaive iine enjini dzedhiziri dzekuita kwakasarudzika, asi idzi mota dzakaramba dzakakoshesa mumusika weEuropean. Panguva imwecheteyo, Toyota yakasimbirira pane yayo hybrid system, iyo yakave yakavimbika uye yakachinjira kune yakasarudzika Lexus. Kubva kuvandudzwa kwakatanga mu1997, nekutanga kwePrius yekutanga muna XNUMX uye nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kweiyo Toyota hybrid lineup, kambani haina kuzeza kwechipiri. Mitengo yemafuta payakatanga kukwira, kambani inogona kuzowana mibairo yekushanda kwayo nesimba uye kutsungirira. Nenzira, kunyangwe izvozvi, mushure mekunyonganiswa kwedhiziri (zvinoramba zvisina kujeka kuti nei Toyota ichiramba kushandisa mabhatiri makuru uye mabasa anotsiviwa). KuToyota, makambani akaita seBMW aisada kunzwa nezvazvo, uye vazhinji vevakuru veGM vakaita saBob Lutz vakatovaseka.
Yepasi rose hybrid co-op
Paive nezvakanaka zvikonzero zvekutangwa kweBMW Project i muna 2007. Pazvakava pachena kuti kukwira kwemitengo yemafuta kwakakurumidza uye kwakadzikama uye kuyedza kuvapo kwese kwemaindasitiri emotokari sezvazvaive panguva iyoyo, makambani mazhinji akachinja nzira yavanotarisa nayo tekinoroji yehybrid. Pakati pavo, BMW, zviri pachena kuti haina kunyatsogadzirira izvo zviri kuitika. Zvimwe chete izvi zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro pemukwikwidzi akananga Daimler-Benz, iyo panguva ino yakasaina chibvumirano chekuvandudza iyo hybrid system ine… GM. Hongu, zvinogona kunge zvisinganzwisisike, asi mukuita GM yaive neiyo tekinoroji inodikanwa nekuti chikamu chayo cheAllison chekutepfenyura chaive chatogadzira yakasarudzika system yehybrid yemabhazi eNew Flyer Muna 2005, avo vaitungamira paBMW vakasarudza kujoina kubatanidzwa neBMW uye nekudaro vakatanga iyo inonzi yepasi rose hybrid kubatana.
Basa guru revainjiniya vemakambani matatu raive rakanyanya kuoma "kudzikisira" kweiyo bhazi system inonzi "Two-Mode Hybrid" - tekinoroji yakafanana nehunyanzvi hweToyota ine majenareta maviri emota uye giya repuraneti rakasanganiswa, asi mukuita zvimwe. . yakakwana nekuti yaive nekuwedzera magiya epuraneti akawedzera magiya akagadziriswa kuhurongwa. Makambani ese ari matatu akaedza zvakanyanya, asi pakupedzisira, semhedzisiro yekubatana, BMW ActiveHybrid X6 yakazvarwa, zvichiteerana. Mercedes ML450 Hybrid uye Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid, pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana dzekupedzisira kubva kune mamwe mapoka eGM. Iyo BMW modhi ine simba sere-cylinder yakananga-jekiseni biturbo injini yave yakanyanya kumberi kwavo.
Nenguva isipi zvakava pachena kuna Mercedes neBMW kuti iyi sisitimu yaisazove mhinduro mukufamba kwenguva. Izvo zvakaoma zvezvikonzero uye zvikonzero zveizvi zvichida zvinozivikanwa chete kune vanhu vanobva kumativi epamusoro emakambani maviri, asi zvichida chikuru ndechokuti hurongwa hwakaoma hwaidhura zvikuru. Muna 2011, semuenzaniso, iyo Active Hybrid X6 yaifanirwa kuita €103, nepo iyo yaishandiswa yeX000 6i inodhura "chete" € 50.
Kusvika nhasi, BMW inoregeredza zvine hungwaru nyaya yeiyo mbiri-modhi yakasanganiswa odyssey uye inofuratira chokwadi ichi kubva munhoroondo yayo. Mhinduro dzinobva pa "kubatana neMercedes uye GM inongobatanidza kusimudzira" kusvika "takawana ruzivo rwakawanda." Kunyangwe ipapo, mukuru wezvekutsvagisa nebudiriro, Klaus Draeger, haana kuenda kune zvakadzama uye akachinjisa tarisiro kune chokwadi chekuti iyo mbiri-modhi system ingori yekubatanidza mune akawanda hybrid matekinoroji ari kushanda paari. Kune rimwe divi, izvi zvese hazvichinje kukosha kweiyo yakasarudzika tekinoroji mhinduro, iyo mukuita yakaratidza kuve inoshanda zvakanyanya kusvika zvino, uye chokwadi chekuti haina kutora nguva yakareba yakagadzira imwe aura yezvisinganzwisisiki yakaipoteredza. Nhasi, matatu chete BMW ActiveHybrid X6s anogona kuwanikwa mune yakakura database ye mobile.de.
Mahybridi anoshanda: ndezvipi?
Kunyangwe panguva yekugadzirira kweAlexHybrid X6, Mercedes neBMW vanga vachitotevedzera rakasiyana shanduko yebazi yemamwe mamodheru emhando. Iko kuwanda kwekushandira pamwe kwakatungamira mukuumbwa kwekubatana kweiyo yekutanga hybrid vhezheni yeS-Kirasi (S400 Hybrid) uye BMW Inoshanda Hybrid 7. Mota dzese dziri mbiri dzaive dziine mabhatiri eiyoni-akaenzana, akagovana Continental magetsi emagetsi uye dhizaini yakafanana nebhatiri rakabatanidzwa. mune yekufambisa yemagetsi mota. Mushure mavo, makambani maviri akazopedzisira asimuka munzira yavo, izvo zvakavatungamira kune zvazvino mamiriro nechikamu chakanyanya kukwirisa chemagetsi mudrive uye kushandiswa kwe plug-in hybrid tekinoroji ine yakachena magetsi dhiraivha.
Asi ngatiregei kuenda kumberi pedu. Pakupera kwemakumi gumi ekutanga ezana ramakore rechitanhatu, BMW neMercedes vaive vachiri nemuono wakasiyana weiyo hybrid drive pfungwa. Yatove nemaviri modes, yeMercedes 'hybrid system inovavarira vatyairi vane mwero vachishandisa yakasvinwa matanhatu-humburumbira Atkinson kutenderera injini, uye iyo imwechete unit yakashandiswa kuS-Kirasi. Pane kupokana, BMW yakafunga nezveiyo yemasanganiswa sisitimu inoshamisa, iyo inofanirwa kushandiswa seyakawedzera "kukurudzira" kune injini uye kwete kwete chete kuti iwedzere hunhu hunesimba, asi zvakare uve bhonasi mune izvi. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, chidimbu chinonzi ActiveHybrid chakanyatsoita mushe uye vagadziri vakawedzera mota yemagetsi kumagetsi avo ane simba. Ese ari maviri ActiveHybrid X6 (ona bhokisi) uye iyo ActiveHybrid 7 yakapihwa simba neiyo huru 4,4-litre 407 bhp biturbo injini. Uye apo mota yemagetsi yaive ichingova 2009kW chete kubva 2013 kusvika 01 muF7 Series 15 uye ichiri kupa yakadzikama yekuwedzera kukwevera kana ichimhanyisa, muAlexHybrid 3 (F30) uye ActiveHybrid 5 (F10). kune matanhatu-humburumbira 306 hp turbo injini. hutsinye torque ye40 kW mota yemagetsi yakawedzerwa, yakabatana yakafanana neiyi-yekumhanyisa gearbox. Kana ichimhanyisa kubva pamusoro peanopfuura masekondi zana kusvika pa5 km / h, mota dzese dziri mbiri dzakaratidza hunhu hunogutsa. Mubvunzo wakasiyana ndewekuti zvese izvi zvinogona kugara kwenguva yakareba sei nemabhatiri ane chinzvimbo chingangoita 100 kWh.
Nekudaro, iyi uzivi zvakajeka haina kushanda, nekuti ese matatu mamodheru haana kubudirira mumusika. ActiveHybrid Vhiki yakamiswa makore mana gare gare, uye ActiveHybrid 5 ne3, yakaunzwa muna2011 na2012, zvichiteerana, yakararama kunyange hupfupi hupenyu uye yakaguma kuvapo muna2015. Paive zvakare nefilosofi nyowani yakarairwa neProjekti i nhungamiro, iyo yainge isisabatanidze zvine hutsinye masimba epeturu, asi madiki mana chete-masilinda akasiyana (kunyangwe eiyo X5 uye Series 7), anowedzeredzwa nemagetsi emagetsi ane simba, lithium-ion mabhatiri ane simba rakakura. hukuru hukuru uye kugona kufamba anokwana makumi mana emakiromita pane chaiyo yemagetsi dhiraivha. Iyi ndiyo mirawo yenguva, uye kuEurope, nemitero yayo yezvakatipoteredza mumaguta mazhinji eEurope, huzivi uhu hwaive hwakakwana. Pakabuda chinyadzo chekuburitsa dhiziri, makambani mazhinji, kusanganisira BMW, akasimbisa izvi zvigadzirwa zvemifananidzo, zvakagadzirwa kuzadzisa huwandu.
BMW's-mode-hybrid icharamba iri tekinoroji yakasarudzika
Iyo ActiveHybrid X6 inoramba iri inyanzvi yeinjiniya, zvinosuruvarisa kuti inodhura. Iyo sisitimu inopa nyaradzo isingaenzaniswi, uye kupfava kwekuchinja kubva kune imwe modhi kuenda kune imwe uye kubva kune rimwe giya kuenda kune imwe kunotonyanya kunakidza kupfuura iyo yeZF inoyevedza masere-kumhanya kutapurirana. Inosanganisira maviri ejini-jenareta akafanana neToyota uye anoshanda neimwe nzira payo pachayo, asi yakagadziriswa magiya - chimwe chinhu Toyota ichangobva kuunza neayo akawanda-nhanho hybrid. Nehurombo, iyi nickel-metal hydride bhatiri modhi yairema 250 kg kupfuura yayakagara nayo, kunyangwe kushomeka kweanoshanda stabilizers uye adaptive kumiswa. Kune rimwe divi, magetsi emagetsi ane simba, ari pasi pemvura zhinji pavhavha yekumberi, inodzorwa magetsi inoyerera uye sarudzo yemodhiyo ine chaiyo chaiyo. Zvaiva nemusoro here? Mhinduro ndihongu. Mune chaiyo yekuyedza kutenderera kwemota mota nemitambo, kusanganisira kumhanya kwakanyanya, iyo ActiveHybrid X6 yakaratidza kunoshamisa kunwiwa kwemafuta kwe9,6 malita. Paunenge uchityaira muguta, kukosha kweanosvika 9,0 l / 100 km zvaigoneka. Ichi chaive chipupuriro chechokwadi kune vanogadzira maviri-modhi hybrid system uye vagadziri veBavarian. Nekudaro, iyi izere-saizi modhi yeSUV inorema matani maviri nehafu, ine hombe kumucheto uye matai ane hupamhi ... 325 millimeters.
Chinyorwa: Georgy Kolev
