Particulate sefa. Kucheka kana kwete?
Turbo diesel particulate mafirita anowanzo kukuvadza kupfuura kunaka, achiwedzera mutengo wakakura. Kazhinji ivo vanogurwa, asi iyi haisi iyo yakanyanya mhinduro.
Nhoroondo yemafirita emotokari, ayo anotora zvinhu kubva kumagasi anopedza simba - soot nemadota, zvakatanga muna 1985. Vaive vakashongedzerwa nematatu-litre turbodiesel paMercedes, akazotengeswa muCalifornia. Kubva 2000, dzave dzakajairwa mumotokari dzeFrance dzinonetsekana PSA, uye mumakore akatevera dzaishandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari dzemamwe mabhureki. Aya marudzi emasefa akaiswa mudhiziri exhaust masisitimu anodaidzwa kuti DPF (kubva kuChirungu "diesel particulate filter") kana FAP (kubva kuFrench "filter particles").
Zviyero zviviri zvakasiyana zvakagamuchirwa zvemasefa edhiziri. Yekutanga mafirita akaoma, asingashandisi mamwe mvura kuderedza tembiricha yekutsva kwesoot. Kupisa kunoitika nekudzora jekiseni zvakakodzera uye nekupa mamwe mafuta panguva yakakodzera kuti ibudise tembiricha yekubuda kwegasi uye kupisa zvinosvibisa zvakaunganidzwa musefa. Chechipiri chiyero mafirita akanyorova, umo iyo yakakosha mvura yakanyudzwa panguva yekupiswa kwemagasi ekuburitsa inoderedza kupisa kwekupisa kwemadhipoziti musefa. Kupisa mushure kunowanzobatanidza majekiseni mamwe chete anopa mafuta enjini. Vamwe vagadziri vanoshandisa jekiseni rekuwedzera rakagadzirirwa chete kuchenesa sefa nekupisa tunhu tunhu.
Muchirevo, zvinhu zvose zvinotaridzika zvakakwana. Zvimedu zvesoti nemadota zvinopinda musefa, uye kana zvazadzwa kusvika padanho rakakodzera, zvemagetsi zvinoratidza kudiwa kwekupisa zvinosvibisa. Majekiseni anounza mamwe mafuta, tembiricha yekubuda gasi inokwira, soot nemadota zvinopisa, uye zvese zvinodzokera kune zvakajairika. Nekudaro, izvi zvinongoitika chete kana mota ichifamba mukuchinja mamiriro emigwagwa - zvese muguta uye kunze kwemugwagwa. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti maitiro ekupisa sefa inoda maminetsi akati wandei ekutyaira panguva yakareruka, yakaringana kumhanya, izvo zvinogoneka chete mumugwagwa mukuru. Muguta hamuna mukana wakadaro. Kana motokari ichingotyairwa zvinhambwe zvipfupi, hurongwa hwekutsva haufe hwakapedzwa. Iyo sefa inozadzwa, uye yakawandisa mafuta inoyerera ichidzika pasi pemadziro cylinder mukati me crankcase uye inoderedza mafuta einjini. Oiri inova yakaonda, inorasikirwa nezvinhu zvayo uye chiyero chayo chinokwira. Icho chokwadi chekuti sefa inoda kupiswa inoratidzirwa nechiratidzo chechiedza pane dashboard. Iwe haugone kuzvifuratira, zviri nani kubuda kunze kweguta uye kuita rwendo rwakarebesa nekumhanya kwakakurudzirwa. Kana tikasadaro, uchafanirwa kuenda kunzvimbo yebasa kunopisa sefa muwekishopu uye kushandura mafuta neitsva.
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Kutadza kutevedzera zvinodiwa izvi kunotungamira kune yakaipisisa-mamiriro ezvinhu - kuvharika kwakazara kweiyo particulate sefa (injini inongomhanya mune yekukurumidzira modhi, iyo sefa inofanirwa kutsiviwa) uye mukana we "kupukuta" kana kuzara jamming yeinjini. Isu tinowedzera kuti matambudziko nesefa anoonekwa pane akasiyana mileage, zvichienderana nemuenzaniso wemota uye maitiro ayo ekushanda. Dzimwe nguva sefa inoshanda zvisina mhosva kunyangwe mushure me250-300 zviuru zvemakiromita, dzimwe nguva inotanga kushamisa mushure mezviuru zvishoma zvemakiromita.
Nhamba huru yevatyairi vanoshandisa mota kufamba nzendo pfupi. Mota dzinowanzo shandiswa chete kuenda kubasa kana kuchikoro. Ndivo vashandisi ava vanonyanya kubatwa nematambudziko ane chekuita neiyo particulate sefa. Kushandisa pamawebhusaiti kushandisa zvikwama zvavo, saka hazvishamisi kuti vari kutsvaga sarudzo yekubvisa iyo isina-fated sefa. Iko hakuna dambudziko neizvi, nekuti musika wakajairana nezvinoitika uye akawanda ekugadzirisa zvitoro zvinopa masevhisi anosanganisira kucheka chinhu chinonetsa. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kubviswa kweiyo particulate sefa haisi pamutemo. Mitemo inotaura kuti hazvibvumirwi kushandura kugadzirwa kwemotokari inotsanangurwa mumitemo yechibvumirano. Uye izvi zvinosanganisira kuvapo kana kusavapo kwechikamu chesefa, icho chinocherechedzwawo pane nameplate. Asi varidzi vemotokari vakapererwa vanofuratira mutemo nekuda kwemari yavo. Iyo nyowani yefirita inodhura kubva kune vashoma kusvika ku10 PLN. Migumisiro yekupisa kwake inotonyanya kudhura. Naizvozvo, vanoenda kuzviuru zvemaworkshops anopa sevhisi yekucheka DPF sefa, vachiziva kuti kuwanikwa kwechokwadi ichi nemapurisa mumugwagwa, kana kunyangwe nemuongorori panguva yekuongororwa kwehunyanzvi, chinenge chishamiso. Nehurombo, haasi ese makanika akanaka, uye muzviitiko zvakawanda, kubvisa iyo sefa kune zvakare dambudziko.
A particulate sefa inogona kutemwa kwemazana mashoma zlotys, asi kubvisa chete hakugadzirise dambudziko. Pasara nyaya yemagetsi. Kana ikasiiwa isina kuchinjwa, injini yekugadzirisa system inonyora kusavapo kwayo. Mushure mekucheka, muchina unogona kutyaira uine simba rakazara uye kusaratidza chero matambudziko nemwenje wechiratidzo. Asi mushure menguva yakati, anozokukumbira kuti upise iyo isipo sefa uye uise injini mune emergency mode. Pachasara zvakare dambudziko re "kupomba" mamwe mafuta mumasilinda uye diluting injini mafuta.
Naizvozvo, kana uchifunga kucheka iyo particulate sefa, iwe unofanirwa kubata inoremekedzwa musangano inozopa hunyanzvi hwakazara hwesevhisi yakadai. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunze kwekubvisa sefa, inonyatso gadzirisa magetsi kune mamiriro matsva. Pamwe achavandudza injini yemutyairi software maererano, kana kuti achasuma emulator yakakodzera mukugadzika, chaizvoizvo "kubiridzira: pa-bhodhi zvemagetsi." Vatengi vegaraji dzimwe nguva vanobirwa nemakanika vasingavimbike avo vasingagone kana kusada kushandura zvemagetsi kunyangwe vachichaja mari nazvo. Kune inyanzvi particulate yekubvisa sevhisi nekuiswa kweiyo emulator yakakodzera, uchafanirwa kubhadhara kubva PLN 1200 kusvika PLN 3000, zvichienderana nemhando yemotokari. Muchokwadi chedu, kusavapo kwechikamu chesefa kwakaoma kuona. Kunyangwe kuongororwa kwemuviri kweiyo exhaust system nemupurisa kana diagnostician haatibvumidze kugumisa kuti sefa yakatemwa. Zviyero zvehutsi panguva yekuongorora kwehunyanzvi pachiteshi chekuongorora hazvizobvumidzewo kuona kusavapo kwesefa, nekuti kunyangwe injini ine yakachekwa yefirita inoteedzera zviyero zvazvino. Kudzidzira kunoratidza kuti hapana mapurisa kana vekuongorora vanonyanya kufarira mafirita eDPF.
Zvakakodzera kuyeuka zvakare kuti kubviswa kweiyo particulate sefa hakusi pamutemo, kunyangwe kusvika parizvino pasina mhosva. Kana mumwe munhu asina kugutsikana nemutemo, pamwe pfungwa dzetsika dzinoita. Mushure mezvose, maDPF akaiswa nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza uye kunaka kwemweya watinofema tese. Kana tabvisa sefa yakadaro, tinova huturu hwakafanana neavo vanopisa mabhodhoro epurasitiki muovheni. Pari padanho rekusarudza mota, unofanirwa kufunga kana iwe uchinyatsoda turbodiesel uye kana zviri nani kusarudza peturu vhezheni. Uye kana tikatenga mota ine injini yedhiziri, isu tinofanirwa kushivirira kuvepo kwedhiziri particulate sefa uye nekukasira kutarisa kutevedzera kurudziro inovimbisa kushanda kwayo kwemahara.
