Yakajairwa Rail system mune dizeli injini - kutarisa musimboti wekushanda

Muna 1936, injini yedhiziri yakaonekwa kekutanga pamotokari yekugadzira Mercedes-Benz. Iye zvino injini dzedhiziri dzine dhizaini yakasiyana zvachose, uye Common Rail inotarisira basa ravo. Chii ichi? Iyi inzira yekupa dhiraivha nemafuta. Kusiyana neinjini dzepeturu, injini dzedhiziri dzakagara dzakavakirwa pajekiseni rakananga remafuta edhiziri mukamuri rinopisa. Iyo Common Rail ndeimwe yeazvino dhizaini uye chiitiko chakakosha mukuvandudzwa kweinjini dzekumanikidza. Inoshanda sei? Verenga chinyorwa chedu!

Diesel jekiseni system - nhoroondo yebudiriro

Mukutanga compression ignition units, mafuta akaiswa muhumburumbira pamwe nemhepo. Air compressor ndiyo yakakonzera izvi. Nokufamba kwenguva, mamwe mapombi emafuta akanyanya uye anobudirira akagadzirwa, uye prechambers ine jekiseni isina kunanga yakashandiswa kugadzirwa kweinjini dzemotokari. Dzimwe mhinduro: 

• spring nozzles;
• jekiseni pombi;
• piezo injectors;
• electromagnetic nozzles;
• Battery fuel system.

Muchinyorwa, hongu, tichataura pamusoro pekupedzisira kwavo, i.e. nezve Common Rail system.

Diesel injini ine jekiseni pombi - musimboti wekushanda kwehurongwa

Pakutanga, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kupisa muinjini dzedhiziri kunoitika pasi pekumanikidza kwakanyanya uye hakudi kupenya kwekunze, sezvakangoita injini dzepeturu. Iyo yakanyanyisa yakakwirira yekumanikidza reshiyo chinhu chinodiwa, uye mafuta anofanira kupihwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru. Pombi yejekiseni inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu kuti ipe mafuta kune imwe silinda. Achishandisa piston yekuparadzira, akagadzira dosi rakagovaniswa mumusoro kuburikidza nemitsara yemafuta akasiyana.

Zvakanakira kushandisa injini yedhiziri

Sei vashandisi vachida dhiziri zvikamu? Chekutanga, injini idzi dzinopa tsika yakanaka kwazvo yekushanda ine yakaderera mafuta ekushandisa (ichienzaniswa neinopfungaira mayunitsi). Ivo vanogona kusasvika kune inoyevedza bhiza simba, asi ivo vanogadzira yakakwirira torque. Iyo inotanga nechekare pane yakaderera injini kumhanya, saka zvinokwanisika kuchengetedza mayunitsi munzvimbo idzi dzezasi dzerev rev. Injini dzenjanji dzakajairwa uye mamwe marudzi ejekiseni redhiziri zvakare akasimba zvakanyanya.

Iyo Common Rail system - yakasiyana sei nevaitangira?

Mune injini dzedhiziri dzakashandiswa kusvika ikozvino, majekiseni akashanda pasi pekutonga kwepombi yejekiseni. Zvimwe zvakasarudzika zvaive zvemajekiseni epombi, ayo akasanganiswa nemapistoni ane basa rekugadzira mafuta. Jekiseni rakajairika renjanji rinoshanda zvakasiyana uye rinoshandisa njanji inonzi njanji. Mariri, mafuta anounganidza pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (kupfuura 2000 bar), uye jekiseni rinoitika mushure mekugamuchira chiratidzo chemagetsi chakaiswa kumuromo.

Common Rail - chii chinopa injini?

Ko kutenderera kwakadai kwejekiseni remafuta mukamuri yekupisa kune chekuita pakutyaira? Iyo bhenefiti inouya kubva pakunyanya kuwedzera kwehutsi hunoiswa muhumburumbira. Kuwana angangoita 2000 bar pamuromo inobvumidza iwe kuti ugadzire inenge yakakwana mhute yehuni inosanganiswa zvakakwana nemhepo. Iyo yemagetsi kutonga kweiyo tsono yekusimudza nguva inogonesawo kushandiswa kwemajekiseni zvikamu. zvii?

Yakajairika njanji injini uye jekiseni remafuta nguva

Injini dzemazuva ano dzenjanji dzine nhanho shanu dzejekiseni. Mune injini dzepamusoro, pane 8. Ndeipi migumisiro yeiyi nzira yekugovera mafuta? Kupatsanurwa kwejekiseni muzvikamu kunopfavisa kushanda kweinjini uye kubvisa hunhu hwekugogodza. Izvi zvinogonesawo kupisa kwakanyanya kwemusanganiswa, zvichiita kuti injini ishande zvakanaka. Iyo zvakare inoburitsa mashoma NOx zvinhu, izvo zvakabviswa mumajini edhiziri nenzira dzakasiyana mumakore.

Nhoroondo yezvinjini zvenjanji

Injini dzekutanga dzakajairwa njanji dzakaunzwa mumotokari dzevafambi neFiat. Aya aive maJTD akaiswa mayuniti akasangana neEuro 3 emission standards. Kunyangwe yaive injini yekuvandudza, yaive yakanyatsogadzirwa uye yakaratidza kuve yakavimbika. Nhasi, iyo 1.9 JTD uye 2.4 JTD zvikamu zvakakosheswa zvakanyanya mumusika wechipiri, kunyangwe anopfuura makore makumi maviri nemana apfuura kubva pakaburitswa yekutanga Common Rail Fiat.

Yakajairika njanji mumarori injini

Nekudaro, Fiat yanga isiri yekutanga kugadzira munyika kuvhura yakajairika njanji mota. Motokari iyi yakagadzirwa nemhando yeHino. Iyi ikambani yekuJapan inogadzira marori uye iri pasi peToyota. Mumuenzaniso wake weRanger, 7,7-litre (!) Unit yakaiswa, iyo, nekuda kwejekiseni remazuva ano, yakabudisa 284 hp. MaJapan akaunza rori iyi muna 1995 ndokurova Fiat nemakore maviri.

Direct Jekiseni - Common Rail Diesel uye Fuel Quality

Iko pano kuti chimwe chezvisina kunaka zvemhando iyi yekugadzira inozviratidza. Uku ndiko kunzwisiswa kwakanyanya kweiyo majekiseni kune kunaka kwemafuta. Kunyangwe tsvina diki iyo iyo sefa yemafuta isingagoni kubata inogona kuvhara maburi. Uye izvi zvimiro zvidiki, nekuti kudzvanywa kwemafuta hakumanikidze dhizaini yemaperforations ehukuru hukuru. Naizvozvo, muridzi wega wega iyo motokari neCommon Rail, unofanirwa kutarisira kuwedzera mafuta edhiziri pazviteshi zvakaratidzwa. Iwe unofanirwawo kuchenjerera nepamusoro pemafuta sulfation, iyo ine mhedzisiro inokuvadza pamajekiseni.

Iyo Yakajairwa Rail system muinjini uye nekuipa kwayo

Chimwe chakashata chatambotaura ndechekuti nzira iyi yekupa mafuta enjini inomanikidza kutenga mafuta emhando yepamusoro. Pamagetsi emagetsi nemamwe masisitimu emafuta, shanduko yemafuta sefa inowanzodiwa yega yega 2nd kana 3rd injini kuchinja mafuta. NeCommon Rail, haugone kumirira kwenguva yakareba kudaro. Kugadziriswa kwemafuta kunodhura, nokuti inenge nguva dzose iwe unofanirwa kusvika kune sefa itsva.

Common Rail Diesel Fuel uye Maintenance Costs

Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei uchifanira kutarisira kunaka kwemafuta mumadhiziri aya. Kuvandudza, kusanganisira kucheneswa kweakajairwa njanji majekiseni, kunodhura anenge 10 euros pachidimbu. Kana kutsiva kuchidikanwa, iwe zvinosuruvarisa uchave mune kushamisika kusingafadzi. Mutengo wekopi imwe unogona kutopfuura 100 euros. Zvechokwadi, zvinoenderana nemuenzaniso chaiwo wemotokari. Muchiitiko chakaipisisa, iwe uchafanirwa kubhadhara 4 zvidimbu. Kune V6 kana V8 injini, huwandu hunowedzera zvinoenderana.

Majekiseni enjanji anogara kwenguva yakareba sei?

Mubvunzo uyu unofadza zvikuru kune vatengi vemotokari kubva kumusika wechipiri. Hapana chinoshamisa. Mushure mezvose, ivo vanoda kutenga mota munguva pfupi iri kutevera iyo isingade jekiseni regeneration. Vagadziri vanoratidza kuti Common Rail majekiseni anovhara anenge 200-250 zviuru zvemakiromita pasina kuputsika. Ehe, idzi fungidziro uye haugone kuomerera kwadziri. Kune mota dzakawanda, iyi mileage yakapfuura kare, uye hapasati paine zviratidzo zviri pachena zvekuputsika. Mune dzimwe mota, zvinoitika kuti mushure me100 XNUMX kana imwe mileage yakati wandei, iwe unofanirwa kushandura imwe nozzle kana iyo yese seti.

Nzira yekuziva sei kukuvadzwa kune zvakajairika njanji majekiseni?

Hazvisi nyore sezvakaita nemhando dzemayuniti ekare. Madhiziri matsva ane masisitimu mazhinji anovandudza kunaka kwemagasi ekupedza (kusanganisira DPF). Iyi sisitimu inodzivirira mazhinji emagasi ekubuda kunze kuti atize achienda kunze. Nekudaro, inovuza yakajairika njanji jekiseni inogona kukonzera kuwedzera kugadzirwa kweutsi. Pamotokari dzisina DPF, ichi chinogona kuva chiratidzo chejekiseni rakakuvadzwa. Chimwe chiratidzo chinotyisa kunetseka kutanga injini yeCommon Rail mushure menguva yakareba yekusaita basa, kunyanya mumamiriro echando. Kushanda kweyuniti kunoshanduka, uye mota pachayo inoburitsa kudengenyeka kwakasimba uye ruzha rusiri rwechisikigo. Mhinduro isina kujeka inogona kupihwa nekutarisa mafashama kana diagnostics mubasa.

Maitiro ekutarisira akajairika njanji majekiseni muinjini? Shandisa mafuta anoratidzwa chete, shandura sefa yemafuta nguva nenguva, uye usaedze ne "zvishamiso" zvigadzirwa zvemvura izvo majekiseni anofanirwa kugadzirwa patsva. Kushandiswa kwavo kunogona kukanganisa chinangwa chavo. Kuchengeta ma nozzles ako kuchawedzera hupenyu hwavo uye unogona kudzivirira iyo isiri-yakaderera-mutengo wekutsiva.