Scanners uye scanning
zvigadzirwa

Scanners uye scanning

26.05.2022 /

Skena mudziyo unoshandiswa kuramba uchiverenga: mufananidzo, bhakodhi kana kodhi yemagineti, masaisai eredhiyo, nezvimwewo muchimiro chemagetsi (kazhinji dhijitari). Iyo scanner inoongorora serial hova dzeruzivo, kuverenga kana kunyoresa.

40's Chishandiso chekutanga chinogona kunzi tateguru wefax / scanner yakagadzirwa mukutanga XNUMXs nemuumbi wekuScotland. Aleksandra Asiiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa se muvambi wewachi yemagetsi yekutanga.

Musi waMay 27, 1843, Bain akagamuchira British patent (No. 9745) yekuvandudza mukugadzira nekugadzirisa. magetsi Oraz kuvandudza nguva, NS electric chisimbiso uye, ndokuzoita kuvandudzwa kune imwe patent yakabudiswa muna 1845.

Mukutsanangura kwake patent, Bain akataura kuti chero imwe nzvimbo, inosanganisira conductive uye isiri-conductive zvinhu, inogona kukopwa uchishandisa nzira idzi. Nekudaro, magadzirirwo ayo akaburitsa mifananidzo yakashata uye yaive isina mari yekushandisa, zvakanyanya nekuti iyo inofambisa uye inogamuchira haina kumbobvira yawiriraniswa. Bain fax pfungwa rakavandudzwa muna 1848 neimwe nyanzvi yefizikisi yechiRungu Frederica Bakewellasi mudziyo weBakewell (1) wakagadzirawo zvidhori zvisina kunaka.

1861 Yekutanga inoshanda electromechanical fax muchina unotengeswa unonzi "pantograph'(2) yakagadzirwa nenyanzvi yefizikisi yekuItaly Giovannigo Casellego. Mumakore ekumaXNUMX, iyo pantelegraph yaive chishandiso chekutumira mameseji akanyorwa nemaoko, kudhirowa uye siginecha pamusoro pemitsara yeteregirafu. Yakave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya sesiginecha yekusimbisa chishandiso mumabhangi ekutengeserana.

Muchina wakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa uye inopfuura mamita maviri kureba, kwatiri nhasi yakaoma, asi yakanyatso inoshanda panguva iyoyoakaita kuti mutumira anyore meseji parata neingi isiri conductive. Pepa iri rakabva ranamirwa pandiro yesimbi yakakombama. Chinyoreso chemutumira chakaongorora gwaro rekutanga, chichitevera mitsetse yaro inofambirana (mitsetse mitatu pamirimita).

Zviratidzo zvakaendeswa neteregirafu kuchiteshi, uko meseji yakanyorwa neingi yebhuruu yePrussian, yakawanikwa semhedzisiro yemakemikari reaction, sezvo bepa riri muchigadzirwa chekugamuchira rakaiswa potassium ferrocyanide. Kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti tsono dzose dziri mbiri dzinovhenekwa nokumhanya kwakafanana, vagadziri vakashandisa wachi mbiri dzakanyatsojeka dzaifambisa pendulum, iyo yaibva yabatanidzwa nemagiya nemabhandi aidzora kufamba kwetsono.

1913 inomuka belinographndiani aigona kuongorora mifananidzo nephotocell. Idea Eduard Belin (3) yakabvumira kutapurirana pamusoro petambo dzenhare uye yakave hwaro hwehunyanzvi hweAT&T Wirephoto sevhisi. Belinograph izvi zvaibvumira kuti mifananidzo itumirwe kunzvimbo dziri kure kuburikidza nenharembozha nenharembozha.

Muna 1921, nzira iyi yakagadziridzwa kuitira kuti mifananidzo igokwanisa kufambiswa nekushandisa masaisai eredhiyo. Muchiitiko chebelinograph, chigadziro chemagetsi chinoshandiswa kuyera kusimba kwechiedza. Mwero wesimba rechiedza unopfuudzwa kune anogamuchirauko mwenje wechiedza unogona kuburitsa zvakare kusimba kwakayerwa neanotumira kuburikidza nekuadhinda papepa remifananidzo. Mafotokopi emazuva ano anoshandisa musimboti wakafanana umo chiedza chinotorwa nemasensa anodzorwa nekombuta uye kudhindwa kunobva laser tekinoroji.

3. Eduard Belin aine belinologist

1914 Root miriwo optical character recognition technology (Optical character recognition), inoshandiswa kuziva mavara uye zvinyorwa zvizere mufaira remifananidzo, bitmap fomu, rakadzokera kumashure kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Zvadaro izvi Emanuel Goldberg i Edmund Fournier d'Albe yakazvimiririra yakagadzira yekutanga OCR zvishandiso.

Goldberg akagadzira muchina unokwanisa kuverenga mavara nekuashandura kuva telegraph code. Zvichakadaro, d'Albe akagadzira mudziyo unozivikanwa seoptophone. Yaiva sikana inotakurika yaigona kufambiswa mumucheto memashoko akadhindwa kuti ibudise manzwi akajeka uye akajeka, rimwe nerimwe richienderana nemavara kana vara chairo. Iyo nzira yeOCR, kunyangwe yakagadziridzwa kwemakumi emakore, inoshanda mumusimboti wakafanana nemidziyo yekutanga.

1924 Richard H. Ranger zvigadzirwa Wireless photoradiogram (4). Anoishandisa kutumira mufananidzo wemutungamiri wenyika Calvin Coolidge kubva kuNew York kuenda kuLondon muna 1924, mufananidzo wekutanga kutumirwa paredhiyo. Kugadzirwa kweRanger kwakashandiswa mukutengesa muna 1926 uye kuchiri kushandiswa kufambisa machati emamiriro ekunze uye mamwe ruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze.

4. Kuberekwa kwekutanga photoroentgenogram naRichard H. Ranger.

1950 Yakagadzirwa na Benedict Cassin medical rectilinear scanner inotangira nekubudirira kubudirira kwedirectional scintillation detector. Muna 1950, Cassin akaunganidza yekutanga otomatiki scanning system, inosanganisira injini-inotyairwa scintillation detector yakabatana kune relay printer.

Iyi scanner yakashandiswa kuona thyroid gland mushure mekutonga kweradioactive iodine. Muna 1956, Kuhl nevamwe vake vakagadzira Cassin scanner kamera yakanamatira iyo yakavandudza kunzwisiswa kwayo uye kugadzirisa. Nekuvandudzwa kweorgan-specific radiopharmaceuticals, modhi yekutengeserana yeiyi system yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kubva mukupera kwema50s kusvika kumavambo 70s kuongorora nhengo huru dzemuviri.

1957 inomuka drum scanner, yekutanga yakagadzirirwa kushanda nekombiyuta kuita digital scanning. Yakavakwa kuUS National Bureau of Standards nechikwata chinotungamirwa na Russell A. Kirsch, pakushanda paAmerican yekutanga mukati yakarongwa (yakachengetwa mundangariro) komputa, iyo Standard Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC), iyo yakabvumira boka raKirsch kuti riedze maalgorithms ayo aive precursors ekugadzirisa mufananidzo uye kuzivikanwa kwepateni.

Russell naKirshovi zvakazoitika kuti komputa yechinangwa-yakajairwa inogona kushandiswa kutevedzera maitiro mazhinji ekuzivikanwa kwehunhu ayo akanzi aitwe muhardware. Izvi zvinoda mudziyo wekuisa unogona kushandura mufananidzo kuita fomu rakakodzera. chengeta mundangariro yekombuta. Saka digital scanner yakazvarwa.

CEAC Scanner akashandisa dhiramu rinotenderera uye photomultiplier kuona zvinoratidzira kubva pamufananidzo mudiki wakaiswa padhiramu. Iyo maski yakaiswa pakati pechifananidzo uye iyo photomultiplier yakatemerwa, i.e. akakamura mufananidzo kuita polygonal grid. Mufananidzo wekutanga wakatariswa pa scanner waive mufananidzo we5 × 5 cm wemwanakomana waKirsch ane mwedzi mitatu, Walden (5). Mufananidzo dema nechena waive nesarudzo ye176 pixels padivi.

60s-90s remakore rechimakumi maviri Yekutanga 3D scanning tekinoroji yakasikwa mu60s yezana remakore rapfuura. Ma scanner ekutanga aishandisa marambi, makamera, uye mapurojekita. Nekuda kwekugumira kwehardware, kunyatsoongorora zvinhu kazhinji kwaitora nguva yakawanda nesimba. Mushure me1985, ivo vakatsiviwa nema scanner anogona kushandisa chena mwenje, lasers, uye shading kubata yakapihwa nzvimbo. Terrestrial medium-range laser scanning (TLS) yakagadzirwa kubva kune zvikumbiro munzvimbo uye zvirongwa zvekudzivirira.

Nzvimbo huru yekupa mari yezvirongwa izvi zvekucheka-cheka zvakabva kumasangano ehurumende yeUS akadai seDefence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kusvika kuma90, apo tekinoroji yakaonekwa sechishandiso chakakosha chekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri nekutengesa. Kubudirira kana zvasvika pakuita zvekutengesa 3D laser scanning (6) kwaive kubuda kweTLS masisitimu akavakirwa pamatatu. Chishandiso cheshanduko chakagadzirwa naXin Chen cheMensi, chakavambwa muna 1987 naAuguste D'Aligny naMichel Paramitioti.

5. Mufananidzo wekutanga wakaongororwa neSEAC scanner

6. Kuonekwa kweTLS pasi-based scanning laser

1963 German muvambi Rudolf Ad inomiririra imwe budiriro innovation, chromograph. Muna 1965 akagadzira kit yekutanga yemagetsi kutaipa system ine digital memory (kiti yekombuta) yakachinja indasitiri yokudhinda munyika yose.. Mugore rimwe chete, yekutanga "digital compositor" yakatangwa - Digiset. Rudolf Hella's DC 300 yekushambadzira scanner kubva 1971 yakarumbidzwa seyepasirose-yepamusoro scanner kubudirira.

7. Muvambi weKurzweil kuverenga muchina.

1974 kutanga OCR zvishandisosezvatinozviziva nhasi. Yakasimbiswa ipapo Kurzweil Computer Zvigadzirwa, Inc. Akazozivikanwa semunguva yemberi uye mutsigiri we "tekinoroji humwe", akagadzira shanduko yekushandisa nzira yekuongorora uye kucherechedzwa kwezviratidzo nezviratidzo. Pfungwa yake yaiti kugadzira muchina wekuverenga wemapofu, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vasingaone vakwanise kuverenga mabhuku nepakombiyuta.

Ray Kurzweil neboka rake vakasika Muchina wekuverenga waKurzweil (7) uye Omni-Font OCR Technology Software. Iyi software inoshandiswa kuona zvinyorwa pachinhu chakaongororwa uye kuchishandura kuita data mune zvinyorwa. Kuedza kwake kwakakonzera kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi huviri hwakanga hwavepo uye huchiri hunokosha zvikuru. Kutaura nezvazvo izwi synthesizer i flatbed scanner.

Kurzweil flatbed scanner kubva kuma70s. yakanga isina anopfuura 64 kilobytes yendangariro. Nekufamba kwenguva, mainjiniya akavandudza kugadzirisa kwe scanner uye ndangariro kugona, zvichibvumira iyi michina kutora mifananidzo inosvika 9600 dpi. Optical image scanning, zvinyorwa, magwaro akanyorwa nemaoko kana zvinhu nekuzvishandura kuita mufananidzo wedhijitari zvakave kuwanikwa zvakanyanya mukutanga kwema90s.

Muzana ramakore re5400, maflatbed scanner akave zvidimbu zvisingadhuri uye zvakavimbika zvemidziyo, yekutanga kumahofisi uye gare gare yedzimba (inowanzo sanganiswa nemichina yefax, makopi, uye maprinta). Dzimwe nguva inonzi reflective scanning. Inoshanda nekuvhenekera chinhu chakaongororwa nechiedza chichena uye kuverenga kusimba uye ruvara rwechiedza chinoratidzwa kubva pachiri. Yakagadzirwa kuti itarise maprints kana mamwe maflat, maopaque zvinhu, ane yepamusoro inochinjika, zvinoreva kuti anogona kugashira nyore mabhuku makuru, magazini, uye nezvimwe.Kamwe paavhareji mifananidzo yemhando, akawanda maflatbed scanner ave kugadzira makopi anosvika XNUMX pixels painch. .

1994 3D Scanners iri kuvhura mhinduro inonzi REPLICA. Iyi sisitimu yakaita kuti zvikwanise kukurumidza uye nemazvo kuongorora zvinhu uku uchichengeta yakakwira yeruzivo. Makore maviri gare gare, kambani imwe cheteyo yakapa ModelMaker tekinoroji (8), yakaitwa seyekutanga chaiyo nzira ye "kutora chaiyo XNUMXD zvinhu".

2013 Apple inobatana Bata ID zvigunwe scanner (9) yemafoni ainogadzira. Iyo sisitimu yakanyatsobatanidzwa nemidziyo yeIOS, ichibvumira vashandisi kuvhura chishandiso, pamwe nekutenga kubva kwakasiyana Apple dhijitari zvitoro (iTunes Store, App Store, iBookstore) uye simbisa Apple Pay kubhadhara. Muna 2016, Samsung Galaxy Note 7 kamera inopinda mumusika, yakashongedzerwa kwete chete nefingerprint scanner, asiwo neiris scanner.

8. Imwe yeModelMaker 3D scanner mienzaniso

9. Bata ID Scanner pa iPhone

Scanner classification

Skena mudziyo unoshandiswa kuramba uchiverenga: mufananidzo, bhakodhi kana kodhi yemagineti, masaisai eredhiyo, nezvimwewo muchimiro chemagetsi (kazhinji dhijitari). Iyo scanner inoongorora serial hova dzeruzivo, kuverenga kana kunyoresa.

Saka haisi muverengi akajairwa, asi muverengi-nhanho (semuenzaniso, scanner yemufananidzo haitore mufananidzo wese panguva imwechete sezvinoita kamera, asi inonyora mitsara inoteedzana yemufananidzo - saka scanner inoverengwa. musoro uri kufamba, kana svikiro riri kutariswa pasi).

Optical scanner

Optical scanner mumakomputa mudziyo wepiriferi wekuisa unoshandura mufananidzo wakamira wechinhu chaicho (somuenzaniso, shizha, pamusoro penyika, retina yemunhu) kuita chimiro chedigital kuti iwedzere kugadzirisa komputa. Faili rekombuta rinobva pakuvhenekwa kwemufananidzo rinonzi scan. Optical scanners anoshandiswa kugadzirira mufananidzo kugadzirisa (DTP), kuzivikanwa kwekunyora nemaoko, chengetedzo uye kudzora masystem, kuchengetedza zvinyorwa nemabhuku ekare, tsvakiridzo yesainzi neyekurapa, nezvimwe.

Mhando dzeOptical scanners:

  • handheld scanner
  • flatbed scanner
  • drum scanner
  • slide scanner
  • firimu scanner
  • Barcode Scanner
  • 3D scanner (spatial)
  • bhuku scanner
  • mirror scanner
  • prism scanner
  • fiber optic scanner

Magnetic

Vaverengi ava vane misoro inoverenga mashoko anowanzo nyorwa pamutsetse wemagineti. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo ruzivo runochengetwa, somuenzaniso, pamakadhi akawanda ekubhadhara.

Dhijitari

Muverengi anoverenga ruzivo rwakachengetwa panzvimbo yacho kuburikidza nekubatana zvakananga nehurongwa huri panzvimbo yacho. Nokudaro, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mushandisi wekombiyuta anobvumirwa kushandisa kadhi yedhijitari.

Radio

Muverengi neredhiyo (RFID) anoverenga ruzivo rwakachengetwa muchinhu. Kazhinji, huwandu hwemuverengi akadaro hunobva kune mashoma kusvika pamasendimita akati wandei, kunyangwe vaverengi vane huwandu hwemakumi emakumi emasendimita vanozivikanwa zvakare. Nekuda kwekureruka kwavo kwekushandisa, ivo vari kuwedzera kutsiva magineti kuverenga mhinduro, semuenzaniso mune yekuwana control system.

Voeg