Kuumbwa uye chinangwa cheiyo lubrication system yeinjini yemotokari

Mechanical chikamu chemota yemota, kunze kwemayuniti akaiswa, kazhinji haina mabhengi ekukunguruka. Nheyo yekuzora kweinotsvedza friction pairi yakavakirwa pakuvapa iwo mafuta emvura pasi pekumanikidzwa kana kushanda pasi pemamiriro einonzi mhute yemafuta, kana madonhwe akamiswa mumagasi ecrankcase anopihwa pamusoro.

Lubrication system michina

Iyo mafuta inochengeterwa inochengeterwa muinjini crankcase, kubva kwainofanirwa kusimudzwa uye kuendeswa kune ese anozorwa mayunitsi. Nokuda kweizvi, nzira dzinotevera uye ruzivo runoshandiswa:

• pombi yemafuta inofambiswa ne crankshaft;
• cheni, giya kana yakananga mafuta pombi drive;
• mafirita emafuta akaomarara uye akanaka, nguva pfupi yadarika mabasa avo akasanganiswa mune yakazara-inoyerera sefa, uye mesh yesimbi inoiswa painopinza yeanogamuchira oiri kuteya zvimedu zvakakura;
• bypass uye kudzvinyirira kuderedza mavharuvhu anodzora pombi kumanikidza;
• machani uye mitsetse yekugovera lubricant kune friction pairs;
• mamwe makomba akakwenenzverwa anogadzira mhute yemafuta munzvimbo dzinodiwa;
• crankcase inotonhorera zvimbi kana kupatsanura oiri inotonhorera mumainjini akaremerwa zvakanyanya.

Nhamba dzemotor dzinoshandisawo mafuta se hydraulic fluid. Iyo inodzora valve clearance hydraulic compensators, marudzi ese ematensioners uye regulators. Kuita kwepombi kunowedzera zvakaenzana.

Zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana

Pamusoro pekuwedzera, mhinduro dzese dzekugadzira dzinogona kukamurwa kuita masisitimu ane yakaoma sump uye nebhati remafuta. Kune mota dzeveruzhinji, zvakaringana kushandisa dhiraivha muchimiro cheinjini yemafuta pani. Oiri yakazadzisa mabasa ayo inoyerera ipapo, inotonhodzwa zvishoma uye yobva yakwira kuburikidza nemugamuchiri wemafuta zvakare kupinda pombi.

Asi hurongwa uhu hune huwandu hwekuipira. Iyo mota haisi nguva dzose yakanangana zvakajeka maererano neiyo gravitational vector, kunyanya mune dynamics. Oiri inogona kutsvedza pamapumpu, ibva papombi yekutora kana muviri uchirereka kana kuwandisa kunoitika panguva yekumhanyisa, braking, kana kutendeuka kwakapinza. Izvi zvinotungamirira pakuratidzwa kwegridi uye kutorwa kwemagasi e crankcase nepombi, kureva, kubhururuka kwemitsara. Mhepo ine compressibility, saka kumanikidza kunova kusagadzikana, panogona kuve nekukanganisa mukugovera, izvo zvisingagamuchirwi. Iwo mabheji akajeka emashafts makuru, uye kunyanya maturbine mumainjini akachajiswa, anozopisa nekudonha.

Mhinduro yedambudziko ndeyekuisa yakaoma sump system. Haina kuoma mupfungwa chaiyo yezwi, mafuta chete anosvika ipapo anobva atorwa nemapombi, ayo angave akawanda, akasunungurwa kubva kune gasi inclusions, akaunganidzwa mune imwe vhoriyamu uye obva aenda asingakanganisi kune mabhengi. Sistimu yakadaro yakarongeka yakaoma, inodhura, asi hapana imwe nzira yekubuda pamitambo kana kumanikidzirwa injini.

Nzira dzekupa lubricant kumanodhi

Pane mutsauko uripo pakati pekudzvinyirirwa chikafu uye splash lubrication. Kusiyana, ivo havana kushandiswa, saka tinogona kutaura nezve nzira yakasanganiswa.

Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoda kukwirisa kwemhando yepamusoro ndeye crankshaft, camshaft uye balancer shaft bearings, pamwe nekutyaira kwezvimwe midziyo, kunyanya, pombi yemafuta pachayo. Iyo shafts inotenderera mumibhedha yakaumbwa nekufinha kwezvinhu zvemuviri weinjini, uye kuti ive nechokwadi chekukweshana uye kuchengetedzwa, mabhanhire anotsiviwa akagadzirwa neantifriction anowanikwa pakati peshaft nemubhedha. Oiri inopombwa nemumigero mumigero yechikamu chakatemerwa, icho chinochengetedza mashaft mumamiriro ekukwesha kwemvura.

Magejo ari pakati pemapistoni nemasilinda anozorwa nekupfapfaidza, kazhinji kuburikidza nemanozzles akaparadzana, asi dzimwe nguva nekuboora mumatanda ekubatanidza kana kungoita crankcase mafuta mhute. Muzviitiko zvekupedzisira, kupfeka kuchave kwakanyanya, scuffing inogoneka.

Kunyanya kutaurwa kunofanira kuitwa kwekuzora kweiyo turbine mabhengi. Iyi inzvimbo yakakosha kwazvo, nekuti ipapo shaft inotenderera nekumhanya kukuru, ichiyangarara kumusoro mumafuta anopombi. Pano, kupisa kunobviswa kubva kune cartridge inopisa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutenderera kwakanyanya kwemafuta. Kunonoka kudiki kunotungamirira kukuputsika pakarepo.

Kuchinja kwemafuta einjini

Kutenderera kunotanga nekutorwa kwemvura kubva ku crankcase kana kuunganidzwa kwemafuta anopinda imomo nemapombi e "dry" type system. Pakupinza kweiyo inogamuchira oiri, kune yekutanga kuchenesa kwezvinhu zvakakura zvekunze zvakasvika ikoko nenzira dzakasiyana nekuda kwekutyorwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa, kusashanda kweinjini kana kupfeka kwechigadzirwa chekuzora pachacho. Nekuwedzeredza kwetsvina yakadai, kuvharika mesh yakakasharara uye nzara yemafuta papombi inopinza zvinogoneka.

Kudzvinyirira hakudzorwi nepombi yemafuta pachayo, saka inogona kudarika iyo inobvumirwa kukosha. Semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekutsauka mune viscosity. Naizvozvo, vharuvhu yekudzikisa inoiswa inofananidzwa nemagadzirirwo ayo, ichirasa zvakawandisa kumashure mu crankcase mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukurumidzira.

Tevere, iyo mvura inopinda mune yakazara-inoyerera yakanaka sefa, uko ma pores ane micron size. Pane kunyatsosefa kuitira kuti zvimedu zvinogona kukonzeresa kukwesha kunzvimbo dzekukwesha zvisapinde mumagap. Kana iyo sefa yazadzwa zvakanyanya, pane njodzi yekutsemuka kwesefa keteni rayo, saka inoshongedzerwa nevhavhavha inotungamira kuyerera kwakatenderedza sefa. Aya mamiriro asina kujairika, asi anobvisa zvishoma injini yetsvina yakaunganidzwa musefa.

Kuburikidza nemigwagwa mikuru yakawanda, iyo yakasefa inoyerera inonangidzirwa kune ese injini node. Nekuchengetedzwa kwezvivharo zvakaverengwa, kudonha kwekumanikidzwa kuri pasi pekutonga, ukuru hwavo hunopa throttling inodiwa yekuyerera. Nzira yeoiri inopera nekuburitsa kwayo kumashure mukati me crankcase, uko inotonhodzwa zvishoma uye zvakare yakagadzirira kushanda. Dzimwe nguva inopfuudzwa nemuinotonhorera oiri, uko chikamu chekupisa chinoburitswa mumhepo, kana kuburikidza neanopisa kupisa kupinda mujini inotonhorera. Izvi zvinochengetedza viscosity inotenderwa, iyo inoenderana zvakanyanya nekushisa, uye zvakare inoderedza chiyero chekuita oxidative.

Zvimiro zvekuzora dizeli uye injini dzakaremerwa zvakanyanya

Musiyano mukuru uri mune zvakatarwa zvimiro zveoiri. Kune akati wandei akakosha chigadzirwa maficha:

• viscosity, kunyanya kuvimba kwayo nekushisa;
• kusimba mukuchengetedza zvivakwa, ndiko kuti, kusimba;
• detergent uye dispersant properties, kukwanisa kuparadzanisa zvigadzirwa zvinosvibisa uye kuzvichengeta kunze kwezvinyorwa;
• acidity uye kushorwa nekuora, kunyanya semakore emafuta;
• kuvapo kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza, kunyanya sarufa;
• kukanganisa kwemukati kurasikirwa, simba rekuchengetedza simba.

Madhiziri anonyanya kuda kusada kusvibiswa.Kumhanya kwemafuta emafuta anorema ane chiyero chakanyanya kudzvanya kunokonzeresa kuwanda kwe soot uye sulfuric acid mu crankcase. Mamiriro ezvinhu anowedzera nekuvapo kwe turbocharging mune yega yega yedhiziri injini. Nokudaro mirairo yekushandiswa kwemafuta anokosha, apo izvi zvinotorwa muzvinyorwa zvekuwedzera. Kuwedzera kudzoreredza kakawanda sezvo kuunganidza kupfeka hazvidzivisike zvakadaro.

Oiri ine base base uye pasuru yekuwedzera. Iro tsika yekutonga kunaka kwechigadzirwa chekutengesa nehwaro hwayo. Inogona kuva mineral kana synthetic. Nekusanganiswa kwakasanganiswa, mafuta anonzi semi-synthetic, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji iri nyore "mvura yemaminerari" ine kuwedzera kuduku kwezvikamu zvekugadzira. Imwe ngano ndeye mukana wakakwana wezvakagadzirwa. Kunyangwe zvichibvawo kwakasiyana kwakasiyana, zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvebhajeti zvinogadzirwa kubva kune imwechete petroleum zvigadzirwa ne hydrocracking.

Kukosha kwekuchengetedza huwandu hwakakodzera hwemafuta muhurongwa

Kune masisitimu ane yekugezesa oiri mu crankcase, iyo nhanho inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa mukati memiganhu yakaringana. Iyo compactness yeinjini uye zvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwehupfumi kwezvigadzirwa zvinodhura hazvibvumiri kusikwa kwemabulky pallets. Uye kudarika mwero kuzere nekubata crankshaft cranks negirazi yekugezesa mafuta, izvo zvinozotungamira mukupupa uye kurasikirwa kwezvinhu. Kana iyo nhanho yakadzikira, ipapo lateral overloads kana longitudinal accelerations inotungamira kuratidzwa kweanogamuchira oiri.

Injini dzemazuva ano dzinowanzoshandisa mafuta, izvo zvinosanganiswa nekushandiswa kwepiston masiketi akapfupikiswa, mhete dzakatetepa dzekuchengetedza simba uye kuvapo kweturbocharger. Naizvozvo, ivo vanonyanya kuda kutariswa nguva dzose nemafuta dipstick. Uyezve, ma level sensors akaiswa.

Injini imwe neimwe ine muganho wakatarwa wekushandiswa kwemafuta, kuyerwa mumarita kana makirogiramu pamakiromita chiuru. Kupfuura chiratidzo ichi kunoreva matambudziko nekupfeka kwemasilinda, mhete dzepiston kana zvisimbiso zvemafuta emadzinde evharuvhu. Utsi hunocherechedzwa kubva kune exhaust system inotanga, kusvibiswa kweanoshandura anoshandura uye kuumbwa kwesoti mumakamuri ekupisa. Iyo mota inoda kuvandudzwa kana kutsiviwa. Kupisa kwemafuta ndeimwe yezviratidzo zvikuru zvemamiriro einjini.