Mazuva ano magetsi matangi

Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nekuvandudzwa kwematangi emwenje, kwete chete ekufambisa, asiwo anoshandiswa semidziyo yemasimba anoshanda munzvimbo dzakaoma. Chiratidzo chinoratidza Kaplan MT kubva kuTurkey kambani FNSS.

Sechinyakare, tangi inosanganiswa nemotokari yakashongedzerwa uye yakashongedzerwa inorema yekurwa. Zvisinei, zvinoitika kuti panhandare yehondo yemazuva ano pane nzvimbo yematangi emwenje. Uye kunyangwe iyi isiri niche hombe, mota dzakadaro dzadzoka mufashoni.

Chiitiko cheGreat Patriotic War, kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi, kusanganisira kuwedzera kwekubudirira kwezvombo zvinorwisa matangi, zvakaita kuti zvive zvakafanira kurongeka kuwedzera ukobvu hwezvombo uye caliber yezvombo zvikuru zvematangi. Uye izvi zvakakonzera kusiiwa kwematangi akareruka kana kuvasundidzira kune chinzvimbo chemotokari dzehondo dzekukosha kwechipiri: kucherechedzwa, kutsigirwa kwemauto emhepo kana kurwisa kweamphibious. Ichi chiitiko, icho chakazviratidza pakati pemakore ekuma50, chinoramba chiripo kusvika nhasi. Tangi rakareruka rinoshanda chete apo motokari inorema isingagoni kushandiswa.

Kunyange zvazvo matangi echiedza akatanga kunyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pazvombo zvemasimba makuru enyika pashure pa1945, mabasa akasiyana-siyana akaitwa kwemakore akawanda (somuenzaniso, kutsigira kushanda kweamphibious) uye achiri kushandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza tangi inoyangarara PT-76B, mota idzi dzakazobviswa muuto rePolish muna 1992.

Matangi emwenje anowanzo famba kupfuura MBTs, iyo inoramba iri mukana wavo mukuru. Kazhinji izvi ndezvekufamba kwemaitiro (mhepo, gungwa kana njanji yekufambisa), dzimwe nguva matangi akareruka anongokurumidza, anofambiswa kana anogona kurwa uko nzvimbo yacho isina kusimba. Matangi emwenje zvakare ane dambudziko shoma rekuyambuka zvivhariso zvemvura. Huremu hwepasi (kazhinji 20-30 tons zvichienzaniswa ne40-70-ton MBTs) inobhadhara nenhumbi dzisina simba, kazhinji dzinodzivirira kubva ku30 mm cannon shells pamberi uye 14,5 mm kubva kumativi. Kana michina yakadaro inogona kuve yakashongedzwa, saka vanorasikirwa nemukana wavo nekuda kwehunhu hwekudhonza. Pazvakanakisa, nhumbi dzekurwa dzinongosimba zvishoma pane iyo yeIFV. Kazhinji chombo chikuru hachina simba. Pfuti dzakajairwa pfuti 100 ÷ 105 mm kana "chiedza" 120 ÷ 125 mm pfuti dzine pfuti dzakaderedzwa (nekuwedzera kureba uye / kana kushandisa bhureki remuromo), izvo zvinopa kuita kushoma kushoma pane pfuti dzakajairwa dzemhando imwe chete ine recoil iyo. zvombo zvakafanana.

Nhasi, matangi emwenje anowanzo kupihwa sechikamu chezvinonzi. modular yakateedzerwa mapuratifomu. Vakadaro vaiva, semuenzaniso, zvirongwa zveOBRUMS muGliwice, apo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, WWO Anders Demonstrator, iyo yaingova tangi chiedza.

Zvisinei, uremu huri pakati nepakati hunobatsira pachahwo pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Nokudaro, vamwe vagadziri vari kuedza kufarira vatengi vanogona kutenga, sekutonga, vapfumi vashoma, vane motokari dzinotsigira moto. Kazhinji, uku kusanganiswa kwakapusa kweiyo inokwanisika mwenje / yepakati inoteedzerwa yevacheche yekurwa mota (semuenzaniso, K21) uye inozvimiririra turret (semuenzaniso, CT-CV CMI Defense). Vamwe vamiriri vechikamu ichi vanosanganisira iyo Swedish CV90120T kana iyo Polish WWO Anders.

Chiny

China inotungamira mukuvaka, kugadzira uye kushandisa matangi emwenje. Kunyangwe pakupera kwema50s ne60s, kunyangwe kushomeka kweiyo maindasitiri base, tangi remwenje Type 62 rakaitwa, iro raive "rakabviswa" vhezheni yeType 59 (ine rezenisi shanduro yeT-54B), uye iyo inoyangarara Type 63 (hybrid of a modified Soviet anti-tank tank) -76 ine hull uye turret yeType 62 tank). Kubva ipapo, matangi akareruka ave aripo nguva dzose muPeople's Liberation Army yeChina uye mukupihwa kweindasitiri yeChinese.

Iyo People's Republic of China yagara ichinyanya kugadzira matangi emwenje, kusanganisira ekutengesa kunze. Mufananidzo Rudzi 62.

Iyo "yekare pane itsva" Chinese mwenje matangi ndiyo inoyangarara ZTD-05. Yakapinda zviri pamutemo sevhisi neMarine Corps muna 2006 semutsivi weiyo yekare Type 63A. Iyo tangi inosiyana yeZBD-2000 amphibious infantry kurwa mota (same chassis), yakagadziridzwa nekutora chikamu kweinjiniya dzeRussia (kusanganisira Kurganmashzavod neKBP). Izvo zviyero zvemotokari, zvinosuruvarisa, hazvizivikanwi, sezvakaita hukuru hwayo, asi inofanira kudarika matani makumi maviri nematanhatu, sezvo ichi ndicho huremu hwemotokari inorwa yevacheche yakashongedzerwa nechiedza chakareruka. Zvombo zvehondo zvine 26 mm pfuti yepfuti uye coaxial 105 mm muchina pfuti, iyo inowedzerwa ne 7,62 mm anti-ndege pfuti. Pfuti iyi, mukuwedzera kupfuti dzemhando yepamusoro, inogona kupfura zvombo zvinokandwa GP12,7 (GP105) ne2 m, inova kuvandudzwa kweSoviet 5000M9 Bastion. Zvombo zvinogonawo kushandiswa paunenge uchifamba nechikepe. Nhumbi dzinenge dzisina simba - kana huma yeshongwe ichinzi inomira kurova 117-mm mabhomba akadzingwa kubva 25 m, ipapo mativi uye kumashure kwehull inodzivirira chete kubva ku1000-mm mabhomba. Kutyaira kunonakidza kwazvo. Injini yepamberi yepasi inokura 7,62 kW / 434,2 hp. uye inopa kumhanya kwe590 km / h. Mushure mekusimudza kuputika kwemvura uye kudzikisa midziyo, simba rejini rinowedzera kusvika 65 kW / 1162,8 hp. (sic!) uye inotumirwa kune maviri jet propulsion. Iyo yakanyatso kuumbwa hull, inotsigirwa nehombe yemvura inoputika, ine kushomeka kushoma, iyo inobvumira iyo kukura pamvura inosvika 1580 km / h (maererano nemamwe masosi, kunyange 40 km / h kana 45 km / h chete). Nzira yekufamba mumigwagwa yakagadzirwa ndeye 25 km. Vashandi vacho vane vanhu vana, zvinokwanisika kutora mamwe maparatroopers mana (zvichida nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwezvombo zvepfuti). Huyero hwekugadzirwa kwemuchina hauzivikanwi, asi maererano nefungidziro dzekuMadokero, tiri kutaura nezve500 ZBD-1000 uye ZTD-2000, iyo yakashongedzerwa neCALW marines. Zvisinei, izvi zvichida hazvisi kuguma, zvakapiwa chirongwa chekuwedzera ukuru hwekuumbwa uku kashanu (sic!) - kusvika kune 05 vanhu, iyo 100 inogona kutakurwa uye kuendeswa kune imwe kushanda kana zvichidiwa.

Zvichida inonyanya kunakidza yemazuva ano eChinese matangi emwenje ndiyo inoyangarara ZTD-05, inokwanisa kusvika kumhanya inosvika 40 km/h mumvura.

Imwe mhando yeChinese light tank ndiyo ZTQ-105 (contractual designation). Mifananidzo yekutanga yemutsivi weType 62 yakaonekwa pamhepo muna 2010–2011. Chinangwa chikuru chekugamuchirwa kwayo chichava chekutsigira zvikamu zvinoshanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemakomo, dzakadai seTibetan Plateau, uyewo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekunze kwemigwagwa uko iyo inorema Type 96 uye Type 99 MBTs inogona kusakwanisa. gadzirisana navo. Zviyero zvemotokari zvinenge 9,2 m kureba (muviri anenge 7,5 m), anenge 3,3 m paupamhi uye anenge 2,5 m kureba. Huremu 33 ÷ 36 t, pamwe, aya maremu asina uye ane imwe pfuti yezvombo zvekuwedzera, zvichiteerana. Zvombo zvine pfuti ye105 mm ine otomatiki yekurodha sisitimu mu turret recess (38 yakazara zvombo, pamwe zvinosanganisira ATGMs), 7,62 mm muchina pfuti, 40 mm grenade launcher uye sarudzo ye12,7 mm muchina gadhi. Iyo yekudzora moto system ine "muvhimi-muurayi" modhi uye pamwe yakabatana zvishoma neZTZ-99A2. Chiyero chekudzivirira chisingaiti hachizivikanwi, asi nhumbi huru yezvombo inowedzerwa nechisimba chezvombo chinofukidza chikamu chepamberi chehull uye turret, composite armor modules pamativi e turret, uye maflaps anodzivirira giya rekumhara. Injini yekumashure inogadzira 736 kW/1000 hp. Zvinogoneka kuti mota yaive yakashongedzerwa hydropneumatic suspension, sezvakaratidzwa mumifananidzo inoratidza mota dzine kukwirira kwakasiyana. Kumhanya mumugwagwa wakavezwa kunofanira kusvika 70 km / h, uye rwendo rwekufamba - 450 km (zvisinei, inogona kuwedzerwa ne200 km nekuda kwemamwe matangi). ZTQ-105 zvinogoneka kufambiswa kwemhepo, semuenzaniso, pane imwe ndege yeY-20, iyo inogona kutora michina miviri yakadaro. Ipapo aizozadzisa kuumbwa kweAirborne Forces, iyo, seimwe yevashoma, kunze kweRussia, inoshandisa motokari dzehondo dzemhepo (ZLC-2000) muhuwandu hwakawanda. Vashandi vacho vane varwi vatatu.

Imwe yemifananidzo yekutanga yeChinese tank ZTQ-105. Iyo yakafanana neiyo miniaturized ZTZ-99A2 zvishoma.

Iyo yekunze vhezheni yeZTQ-105 ndiyo VT-5, inoratidzwa paZhuhai Air Show yegore rapfuura (ona WiT 1/2017). Musiyano mukuru uri mune yekuwedzera yezvombo pasuru, ine inorema dynamic kuchengetedza modules padivi masiketi uye nechemberi chikamu chehull, composite nhumbi dzezvombo mapakeji muchikamu chepamberi che turret uye nhumbi dzeplate munzvimbo yejini compartment uye. kumativi. shongwe. Zvimwe zvigadziriso zvakasiyana zvezvombo nemidziyo zvinogoneka, zvichienderana nechikwama chemutengi.

NORINCO's yazvino kupa ndiyo ST2 kunze kwenyika kurwisa mota yakaunzwa kutanga kwegore rino. Hwaro hwayo hwaive mutumbi wekare (kubva pakutanga kwema80s) isiri yakanyanya kuomarara Type 89 yakateedzerwa mutakuri (YW-534 kana ZSD-89) mune "refu" vhezheni (mapeya matanhatu emavhiri emugwagwa) uye iyi ingangove kupa kune varombo vatengi vanobva kuAfrica neAsia. Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze-mumugwagwa, mazhinji acho anosarudza akareruka angangoita mota dzekurwisa. Hull yakati inosvika 6,63 m kureba uye 3,13 m yakafara (pamwe ST2 yakati wandei nekuda kwekuiswa kweshongwe ine dhayamita yakakura yekurovera). Kureba kunogona kufungidzirwa pa 2,6-2,7 m (pasina chirongwa). Zvombo, sezvazvakaita nemamwe maChinese samples echikamu ichi, ipfuti ine pfuti ye105-mm, yakagadziridzwa kupfura maATGM. Huwandu hwezvombo hunofanirwa kuita zvidimbu makumi matatu nemaviri. Yekuwedzera pfuti pfuti yemuchina 32 mm uye 7,62 mm muchina pfuti coaxial ine cannon. Iyo hull armor inongopa dziviriro kubva kumaoko madiki, iyo turret inogona kuchengetedzwa zvishoma zvirinani. Iyo niche yeshongwe inodzivirirwa neyakapfava plank armor. Hunhu hwehunyanzvi hwemuchina hauzivikanwi - Type 12,7 transporter yaive ne 89 kW / 235,5 hp injini yakavakirwa pamberi pehull, iyo yaibvumira kuti isvike kumhanya kwe320 km / h, uye pakanga paine mafuta akakwana kukunda 65 km pane asphalt. migwagwa. Kana iyo simiti yemagetsi isati yashandurwa, kushanda kwetangi rinorema (zvichida rinorema 500 ÷ 17 tons maringe ne20 tons Type 14,5) ingangove yakaderera. Boka racho rine varwi vana.

Iyo VT-5 tangi inoratidzwa, pakati pevamwe muhoro yekuratidzira yeZhuhai 2017, inonzi iyo yekunze vhezheni yeZTQ-105.

Indie

Kare mumakore gumi ekutanga ezana ramakore rechi55, India yaitsvaga tangi rakareruka rekurwira mumakomo, iro, nekuda kwehuremu hwaro, raigona kufamba zvakasununguka munzvimbo yakaoma kupfuura T-72 neT-72. 300 motokari. Yaifanirwa kutsiva mamwe eakasakara T-8s akasara achishanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira pedyo nemuganhu neChina. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvipo zvakakodzera pamusika, uye zvakare, pamwe, nekuda kwekusanyanya kusimba kwemauto kumanikidza kune vanoita sarudzo, uye vhoriyamu diki yekugona kurongeka kwemamiriro eIndia (anenge 2015 mayunitsi), chirongwa chakavharwa. Nekudaro, kushanya kwematangi emwenje eIndia hakuna kupera ipapo. Musi waChikumi 50, 2025, Mauto eIndia akatumira chikumbiro kuindasitiri yemumba yemotokari iri muchikamu ichi (tende rakavhurika richaziviswa, anokunda anofanira kuita pamwe chete nemumwe wekunze semubatanidzwa) kuendesa chikumbiro. gadzira FRCV (Future Ready Combat Vehicle - kurwisa mota yeramangwana). Pasi pechirongwa ichi, tangi rechiedza uye tangi huru yehondo inorema kusvika matani makumi mana neshanu FMBT (Future Main Battle Tank) ichavakwa padanho reR&D pasi pehutungamiriri hweDRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation). Ramangwana). Mhuri yemotokari, iyo inosanganisirawo zambuko resatellite, gomo rezvombo rinozvifambisa-fambisa, gomo rinodzivirira ndege uye mota yekutsigira yehunyanzvi, ichapinda mubasa mushure memakore makumi mashanu. Zvinodiwa zvepuratifomu zvakaomesesa, nekuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti nehuremu hwe45 ÷ 50 matani (chinodikanwa chekufamba kwakakwira, kusanganisira munzvimbo yakaoma yemakomo), iyo "medium tank", sekutsanangura kunoita maIndia mota. , haifanirwe kuve nepfuti yakaipisisa kupfuura yemazuva ano MBTs (120 kana 125 mm cannon, zvakare inokwanisa kupfura zvinokandwa zvinokandwa), yakashongedzerwa pfuti, yakashongedzerwa nzira dzemazuva ano dzekuzvidzivirira, uye zvakare inoratidzwa nekuderedzwa kuoneka. Ichave iripo mune inokwana maviri magadzirirwo - mwenje (kusvika 40 matani), airmobile uye yepakati (kwete kuverenga yambotaurwa maapplication). Nhamba yevashandi haina kutaurwa, vachipokana kuti inofanira kunge yakakura zvakakwana kuita mabasa ayo. Iwo FRCV-based matangi achatsiva 2500 T-72 Bharatīyan Thalasēnā matangi. Nekudaro, kuvaka muchina wakareruka une maparamita akakwirira kudaro mumamiriro eIndia anogona kunge asiri echokwadi. Nguva yekupedzisira yekuendesa zvikumbiro ndiChikunguru 31, 2015, uye chirevo chinongozivikanwa ndechekuti chakatumirwa munaChikunguru 13, 2015 neTATA Motors. Nekudaro, anotarisirwa kuve mukontrakta wechirongwa ichi, icho chinozopedzisira chave cheHurumende yeIndia. Kuiswa kwemotokari itsva kunofanirawo kugumisa chirongwa cheArjun chave chichimhanya kubva kuma70s.

Indonesia

Iyi nyika inoshamisa yakasarudzika ine geogirafi yakasiyana-siyana (kubva kumahombekombe ane jecha kusvika kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzisina kunyanyokura uye kazhinji nzvimbo dzine machakwi kusvika kumakomo, kazhinji dzine makomo anoputika) nhasi inoshandisa marudzi maviri ematangi: light Alvis FV101 Scorpion 90 (mota dzekuona dzine huremu hwe isingasviki 9 matani!) uye base Leopard 2A4, mamwe acho akakwidziridzwa neRheinmetall Landsysteme kusvika kuRI standard (61 kunze kwe103 mota).

MMWT inogadzirwa mumhando yepamusoro ine injini yekumashure. Iyo shongwe yekuvakwa kwekambani yeBelgian CMI Defense.

Heavy Leopard 2RIs haigone kushanda munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakaderera dzeIndonesia, saka Jakarta yakafunga kutenga michina yakareruka - "yepakati" MMWTs, yakavakwa mukubatana nekambani yeko PT Pindad neTurkey FNSS.

Yekutanga yavo, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemauto ehondo munharaunda, izvo zvave zvichiitika kubva kuma90s, hazvichasviki zviyero zvenhandare yehondo, kunze kwekuzivikanwa. Kune rimwe divi, Leopard 2s inorema zvakanyanya kushanda munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeIndonesia. Ichi ndicho chaiva chikonzero chekutanga kwebasa pane tangi itsva yechiedza. Mukupindura kune ichi chinodikanwa (kwete chete kubva kuIndonesia), Rheinmetall yakaunza mwenje tangi dhizaini yakavakirwa paMarder BMP muna 2012. Indonesia yakatenga 42 mauto ehondo dzerudzi urwu pamwe chete neLeopards 2. Motokari inorema kusvika matani 43 (nezvombo zvekuwedzera) yakanga yakashongedzerwa nevarume vatatu veOto Melara HITFACT turret ine 105 mm L / 52 cannon, yakabatanidzwa ne7,62 mm cannon. mm MG. Injini yeMTU MB 883 ine simba re441,6 kW / 600 hp yakashandiswa sekutyaira. kana sarudzo 500,5 kW/680 hp yakabatanidzwa kune otomatiki kutapurirana. Kumhanya mumugwagwa wakavezwa waiva 65 km / h, uye rwendo rwekufamba rwakanga rwuri 500 km. Zvisinei, motokari haisati yawana mutengi. Pakupedzisira, boka remaindasitiri emuno PT Pindad rakatora basa patangi remwenje, rinodaidzwa kuti masvikiro enzvimbo. Muna Kubvumbi 2013, akapa purojekiti yeake tangi mwenje zvichibva pane chassis yeBMP Marder. Motokari yaifanirwa kuyera matani 28-30 uye yakanga yakashongedzerwa nekanononi ye105 mm. Motokari ine mavhiri yekushandisa yakatariswawo, asi pakupedzisira yakasiiwa. Kambani yeTurkey FNSS Defense Systems (mubatanidzwa pakati peBAE Systems neNurol Holding) yakabatana nePT Pindad muchirongwa ichi pasi pechibvumirano chakasainwa kuIDEF 2013 muIstanbul. Chirongwa ichi chakatanga muna 2014. Kwenguva yakareba zvaiita sekuti yakagadziridzwa mutakuri wendege Marder yaizoramba iri yekutanga dhizaini. Izvi zvakaratidzwa nezviratidzo kubva munaNovember 2014 zvichiratidza Marder hull ine tank turret, uye muenzaniso wakaratidzwa pamusangano weAVA muJakarta mwedzi mishoma gare gare.

Pakupedzisira, imwe pfungwa yakakunda. MMWT (Modern Medium Weight Tank), iyo dhizaini yakaratidzwa paIndo Defense 2016 kuratidzwa muJakarta mukutanga kwaNovember 2016, inofanira kunge yakavakirwa paTurkey Kaplan BMP. Maererano nevamiriri ve consortium, inofanira kunge yakashongedzwa zvakanyanya, iyo, ine uremu hwematani makumi matatu nemashanu, ichava dambudziko guru. Armament - pfuti ine pfuti ye35-mm yakapetwa ne105-mm kana 7,62-mm muchina pfuti - inofanirwa kuiswa muCMI Defense CT-CV 12,7HP turret. Kutenda kune izvi, zvichave zvichibvira kurwisana nevakuru veMBTs, uye kunyange nevemazuva ano vari kuvandira. Iyo SKO inofanirwa kupa iyo "muvhimi-mhondi" maitiro ekushanda. Iyo magetsi chirimwa aft yehull ichave ine 105 kW / 515,2 hp injini. uye otomatiki kutapurirana. Rudzi rwayo haruna kutaurwa, uye kuvepo kusina kunanga kweBAE Systems mupurojekiti hakubvisi mukana wekushandisa hybrid drive. Maitiro emagetsi achatsigirwa nejenareta remagetsi rinobatsira. Iyo yakanyanya kuremerwa yekumhanya kunofanirwa kunge iri 700 km / h, uye rwendo rwekufamba - 70 km. Vashandi vachave nevanhu vatatu.

Sezvakataurwa kuIndo Defense 2016, iyo MMWT prototype uye endurance test hull yaizovakwa mukupera kwegore rapfuura. Iyo prototype yakaunzwa zviri pamutemo muna Chivabvu 9 paIDEF 2017 kuratidzwa muIstanbul pasi pezita reKaplan MT (Medium Tank), inosimbisa hukama hwepedyo neMMWT.

Israel

Kuedza kwekutanga kwemauto eIsrael uye mainjiniya kutora tangi yemazuva ano mwenje kushanda neIsrael Defence Forces yakaitika muhafu yechipiri ye90s, zvinongozivikanwa kuti prototype yayo yakavakwa uye yakaedzwa. Aive akabata pfuti ye120mm. Mucherechedzo unongozivikanwa unoratidza kuti dhizaini yese yaive yakafanana neyeMerkava matangi ehondo, kunyangwe mota yacho yaive idiki. Dhiraivha yakapihwa nemberi-yakaiswa 8 kW/71 hp Detroit Diesel 478,4V-650 TTA injini yedhiziri. Mutyairi akanga ari kuruboshwe rwejini, uye vashandi vose vaifanira kuva vanhu 3-4. Munguva pfupi yapfuura muna 2003, basa reMerkava Mk IV rakamiswa.

Chiratidzo chishoma chinozivikanwa chetangi remwenje reIsrael kubva mukupera kwema90s rakada kuita diki Merkava.

Mushure megore ra2010, Israel yakaronga kugadzira mutsivi weMerkava Mk IV - Merkava Mk V. Yaifanirwa kunge iri tangi yechizvarwa chechina, yakashongedzerwa nezvombo. Chirongwa ichi chakasiiwa muna 2012 nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemari, uye hukuru hwehunyanzvi hweIsrael Defence Forces pamusoro pevavakidzani vayo vese hwaive husina kukosha.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, magirafu eramangwana reIsrael Carmel light tank akaiswa pachena. Vari kupa muchina wakareruka pane zvakataurwa mwedzi mishoma yapfuura.

Pane kudaro, pamusangano wakaitwa muLatrun muna Chivabvu 5-6, 2015, zvakaziviswa kuti basa rakanga richiitwa, kusanganisira papuratifomu yakatariswa. Muna October wegore iroro, mamwe mashoko mashoma akaoneka pamusoro pake. MAFAT (Israeli Weapons Development and Research Infrastructure Bureau) ndeyekuita tsvakiridzo pamotokari yakareruka yehondo inonzi Karmel (Chihebheru chipfupiso cheAdvanced Land Combat Vehicle), iyo inopindirana nematangi emhuri yeMerkava nevatakuri veNamer. Munda waro wekuita unofanirwa kunge uri kukura kwakasimba kwemaguta eMiddle East mumamiriro ekukonana kweasymmetric, uko zvakaoma kuwana muvengi ane zvombo zvehondo. Naizvozvo, mota inofanirwa kuve yakareruka (30 ÷ 32 matani), uye kuramba kwayo kumoto kubva kune vacheche anti-tank zvombo kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi nechizvarwa chitsva chinoshingaira chekuzvidzivirira system, chinotsigirwa nemwenje passive nhumbi dzokurwa, dzakagadzirirwawo kushandiswa. yezvinhu zvemazuva ano. Iko hakuna zvakare kudikanwa kwezvombo zvine simba, ingangove pfuti ine caliber ye 76 mm chete (kunyangwe pfuti ine caliber ye50÷60 mm inogona kuratidzwa pagirafu rinozivikanwa chete). Zvichipesana nenhare dzakareruka uye “zvinyoro” zvinonangwa, zvombo zvakadaro zvakakwana (uye zvichipokana nemotokari zhinji dzine zvombo zvepakati, tisingatauri dzakareruka), uye grenade isina kusimba-inoputika inochengetedza kurasikirwa muhuwandu uye zvivakwa zvevanhu. Vashandi vachave nevanhu vaviri, nepo kuchinjika kwakazara kwemabasa kuchave nechokwadi. Izvi zvinoda mwero wepamusoro wemotokari otomatiki. Yakapamhama, inogona kugara munhu wechitatu: platoon kana mutungamiriri wekambani yevacheche kana drone opareta. Vese nhengo dzevashandi vanozove nemaheti ane zviratidziro zvinotsigira kuwedzera kuziva kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Iyo drive ichava yakasanganiswa. Pahwaro hweKarimeri, mhuri yemotokari ichasikwa, kusanganisira: motokari yeinjiniya, motokari yehungwaru yemagetsi uye motokari dzine zvombo zvisingaurayi. Parizvino vari kutora chikamu muchirongwa ndiRafael, Elbit naIAI.

Caramel inofanirwa kuve hwaro hwekusimudzira mhuri yemotokari dzakashongedzerwa.

Nekudaro, kana iyo Eitan ine mavhiri ezvombo inotakura vashandi (ona WiT 9/2016), iyo yakaziviswa panguva imwe chete, ichifanira kuoneka mubasa 2020 isati yasvika, ipapo Karimeri inogona kuve inotyisa kune varwi veArab chete kunosvika 2025-2027, uye sarudzo dzine hukama. inogona kuramba ichichinja. .

Iyo Russian Sprut-SDM1 inorongedzerwa zviri pamutemo seanopokana-tangi inozvifambisa-inosimudzira artillery gomo, uye mushandisi wayo mukuru iRussia VVD.

Poland

Zvakare muPoland, pamhepo yekufarira mwenje modular mapuratifomu, vanofarira matangi akareruka akaonekwa, anonzi akawanda-chinangwa kurwisa mapuratifomu / mota dzekutsigira moto, iyo muGround Forces ichatsiva yakasakara T-72M / M1 matangi uye yemazuva ano PT. -91. Chiitiko chekutanga chakakomba munharaunda iyi chaive WWO Anders, yakavakwa muna 2007-2010. on Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowe Urządzeń Mechanicznych OBRUM Sp. z oo nokuda kwezvinodiwa zvinotsanangurwa muzvinyorwa zvayo uye zvichibva pane kuongororwa kweMilitary Technical University. Sechikamu chepurojekiti, muratidziri we Universal Tracked Platform tekinoroji yakagadziridzwa, iyo yekutanga vhezheni yaive tangi yechiedza (moto inotsigira mota) inorema kusvika matani 35. muniche yake. Iyo isiri-yakanyanya-inoshamisira base nhanho ye ballistic kuramba (120+ maererano STANAG 12A) inogona kusimudzwa kusvika ku3+ nekutenda kune modular yekuwedzera nhumbi dzokurwa. Chimiro chekutyaira chaisanganisira injini yedhiziri MTU 4569V 5 TE8 ine simba re199 kW / 20 hp. uye otomatiki hydromechanical transmission (GMUN). Simba rekuwedzera kune dhiraivha system rakapihwa neanotanga-jenareta, iyo yakapawo magetsi kana yakamira.

Vashandi vacho vaiva nevanhu vatatu. Motokari haina kumutsa kufarira pakati pemauto, asi mumakore akatevera yakagadziridzwa uye yakaratidzwa mukugadzirisa kwakasiyana-siyana.

Imwe nzira yeOBRUM neZakłady Mechaniczne Bumar-Łabędy SA yekugadzira tangi rakareruka yaive self-propelled mock-up PL-01 Concept, yakaunzwa paMSPO 2013. Motokari iyi yaive yakavakirwa paBAE Systems-Hägglunds CV90 Mk III yehondo yevacheche. chassis uye yaifanirwa kunge iri ratidziro yemaonero evagadziri pane izvo zvingaite tangi rePoland remangwana. Chokwadi, mutumbi wemotokari waive wakanyanya futuristic. Motokari yaifanirwa kunge "isingaoneki" (multispectral active camouflage, kuderedzwa kwekufungidzira kwekupisa uye siginecha yeradar), pfuti iri muchimiro che "chiedza" 120-mm cannon yaifanira kuiswa mune isingagarwe turret, nhumbi dzokurwa dzaive dzazvino mainjiniya. , nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo dzaifanira kutsigirwa negadziriro inoshanda yekudzivirira nezvimwewo. Huremu hwaifanira kuva matani 30, uye uremu hwezvombo zvokuwedzera hwaiva matani 5. Nhumbi dzaifanira kupa dziviriro yakakwira zvishoma kupfuura iyo yeBMP dzemazuva ano dzehuremu humwe chete. . Mota yevatakuri yaifanirwa kunge ichifamba zvakanyanya nekuda kwe662,4 kW/900 hp injini yedhiziri. uye otomatiki kutapurirana ine torque inoshandura yakabatanidzwa muchikamu chemagetsi.

Uye chirongwa ichi hachina kumutsa kufarira kweMinistry of National Defense. Muna Mbudzi 2013, nhaurirano yehunyanzvi yakatangwa pamotokari yekutsigira Cheetah. Kuburikidza neNational Center for Research and Development, mari yakagoverwa kuti chirongwa ichi chiitwe pakati peKurume 2014. Kondirakiti yaive mubatanidzwa neOBRUM Sp. z oo ari pamusoro. Mukufungidzira kwekutanga, yaive yemotokari inorema kusvika matani makumi matatu nemashanu, yakashongedzerwa nepfuti yetangi, asi ine nhumbi dzakasimba, dzakafanana neMBT ("inopikisa anti-tank shells, kusanganisira matangi").

zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru, kana zvisingabviri, kuzadzisa chirevo chakadaro, saka muna 2016 fungidziro yepurojekiti yakaedzwa kuti iwedzere huwandu hunobvumirwa kusvika matani makumi mashanu. iyo inobvumira matangi eT-50 nePT-2015 kubviswa muchiyero che420: 72. Muna 91, fungidziro dzeCheetah pamusoro pekuwedzera mauto ayo akaedzwa, asi muchirimo cha1 chirongwa chakavharwa zviri pamutemo sekusasangana nezvinodiwa pari zvino uye dzidziso yekutarisisa kuchengetedza nharaunda yayo, uye kwete kutora chikamu mumisheni yekumhanya.

Zvichida chimwe chinhu chakafanana netangi rechiedza chingava rk tank muparadzi. Barracuda, iyo yakapinda muchikamu chekuongorora muna Kubvumbi 19 gore rino sechikamu chechirongwa chakatangwa neOrdnance Inspectorate. Muchina uyu uchakwanisa kurova zvibodzwa zvakachengetedzwa neanoshanda ekuzvidzivirira masisitimu, makomba, pamwe nemakomba ekinetic. Mutakuri anogona kunge ane vhiri kana kuteverwa (kana ese ari maviri). Mushure megore ra2022, mota ichave ine anti-tangi artillery units. Kushandiswa kweyakajairwa chassis UMPG (Universal Modular Tracked Platform) kunoderedza mutengo, uye iyo "artillery" basa rinoderedza kudonha kwekugona kurwa nekuda kwehumbowo husina simba hwekupfuura pane iyo MBT.

Russia

Kunyangwe matangi akareruka seakadaro asiri kushandiswa muRussia, iyo 2S25 Sprut-SD anti-tangi inozvifambisa pfuti ichiri kushanda. Zvisinei, izwi remazuva ano rine simba zvokuti mazwi ekuti "tank muparadzi", "anti-tank self-propelled gun", "light tank" uye "moto wekutsigira motokari" inogona kuonekwa zvakafanana.

Nhoroondo yeSputter yakadzokera kuSoviet nguva, mukutanga kwema 80. Yakagadzirwa pamwe chete neVolgograd Tractor Plant, TsNIItochmash kubva kuPodolsk uye OKB-9 kubva kuSverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), muchina wakashandiswa muchimiro chayo chekupedzisira BMD-3 yakareba uye yakagadziridzwa 120-mm turret self-propelled dhaka 2S31 Vienna. Iyo turret yakagadziridzwa yaive ine 125 mm 2A75 pfuti yakatsetseka ine yakaderedzwa recoil uye otomatiki loader ye 22 marounds (yakazara kupihwa kwemakumi mana emarounds), iyo inogona kupfutidza ese akajairwa pfuti dzeD-40 (81A2) tangi panguva iyoyo. Midziyo yekudzora moto yakabatana neiyo inoshandiswa patangi reT-46B. Basa rekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, kunyanya nekuda kwemari isina kuenzana, yakaitwa kwenguva yakareba. Zviri pamutemo, muchina wacho wakaiswa mubasa muna 72. Kugadzirwa kuduku, chete zvikamu makumi mana chete zvakaendeswa (data yeJanuary 2006, kurongeka kweimwe 40 kwakabviswa mu2016) nechishuwo chakataurwa cheWDW pa45-2009. Zvinoenderana nemamwe masosi, mota dzinosvika makumi manomwe neshanu dzichaunzwa.

Huremu hwemotokari, kunyanya nekuda kwekushandiswa kwealuminium alloy armor plates, inongova matani gumi nemasere, asi nekuda kweizvi, mota inoyangarara yega. Zviyero: kureba 18 m (muviri 9,77 m); hupamhi 7,07 m; Kureba 3,15 m (yakajairika; pasi pemvumo inogadziriswa ne hydropneumatic suspension). Uremu huremu hunopa chiyero chekufananidzira chekudzivirira kwemukati - zvombo zvinodzivirira vashandi chete kubva kumoto wemaoko madiki.

Dhiziri - dhiziri 2W-06-2S ine simba re375 kW / 510 hp, yakaiswa muchikamu cheshure chehull, yakapetwa neshanu-speed hydromechanical transmission. Mvura inofambiswa nemajeti maviri emvura. Kumhanya mumugwagwa 70 km/h, pamunda 45 km/h uye pamvura 10 km/h. Nhandare yendege inenge 500 km. Sprut-SD kumhara inogoneka kubva kuIl-76 kana An-124 ndege uchishandisa iyo P260M parachute kit (strapdown system). Vashandi vacho vane varwi vatatu.

Muna 2015, prototype yemazuva ano anti-tangi inozvifambisa pfuti 2S25M Sprut-SDM1 yakaunzwa. Yakasiyana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mumotokari yakabatana neBMD-4M, pfuti ye2A75M yemazuva ano yakagadziridzwa zvombo zvechizvino-zvino, uye, pamusoro pezvose, hurongwa hwemazuva ano hwekudzora moto neSosna-U pfuti uye mutungamiriri wekuona panoramic uye chinangwa. mudziyo. Zvinogoneka kuisa modular armor, yakafanana neiyo inoshandiswa paBMD-4M. Muna 2016, mushure mekutevedzana kwebvunzo, WDW yakaraira matanhatu Sprut-SDM1s kuti aendeswe muna 2017.

Vezvenhau veRussia varikukurudzira kuvandudzwa kweanorema tangi muparadzi zvichibva paKurganets yakateedzerwa chikuva, pamwe neziso rekutengesa kunze.

USA - kwete MPF chete

MuUnited States, mushure me fiasco yepurogiramu yeFCS, basa rakatanga, kusanganisira pane tangi itsva yechiedza. Chirongwa ichi chinonzi Mobile Protected Firepower uye chakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nevacheche uye Stryker brigades (BCT). Muna 2015, BAE System Expeditionary Light Tank tekinoroji demonstrator yakaunzwa pachiratidziro cheAUSA, gore rakatevera, GDLS yakaratidza Griffin light tank demonstrator pakuratidzira kwaitevera kweiyi nhevedzano, uye nguva pfupi yadarika iyo Singapore inofunga nezve ST Kinetics ine NGAFV yakabatana navo. tangi musiyano (ona WiT 4/2017).

Nekudaro, ichi handicho chega chirongwa chakabatana nekushongedza Hondo yeUS netangi yakareruka kupfuura iyo Abrams. Retired US Army Colonel Douglas McGregor akakurudzira pfungwa yakafanana neyo modular universal brigade inozivikanwa kubva kuchirongwa cheFCS, asi, semaonero ake, yakanakisa inowanikwa inoteedzerwa chikuva iGerman Puma mauto anorwa mota. Vati kunyange hazvo mota dzakareruka dzakaita seMPF kana Stryker dziri nyore uye dzisingadhure kufamba nzendo refu, hadzina nhumbi dzokurwa dzakanyanya, izvo zvinokonzeresa kukuvara kwakanyanya. Ruponeso rwaifanira kuva nhumbi dzokurwa dzine simba dzakati wandei dzakapiwa nePuma. Mukutsvagisa kwake, McGregor akataurawo nenzira kwayo kuti muchina unorema kusvika matani 43,5 ungave chikuva chiri nani chepfuti 120-mm pane muchina unorema kusvika matani makumi matatu, izvo zvingave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakurongeka. Uye zvakare, pakati pezvichangobva kuratidzwa naMacgregor, pane chirevo chekushandisa Puma AGS (tank-type turret vhezheni) ine 30-mm L / 130 caliber 130 mm pfuti yakagadzirwa neRheinmetall, iyo yaizopa muchina wakadaro mukana. mune firepower pane chero tangi yemazuva ano. Akafunga kugadzira kubva kutanga (kana kugadzirirazve) mapoka mana ehondo maererano nehurongwa hwake. Iyo yese RPG (Reconnaissance Strike Group - Reconnaissance Strike Group) ichave yakashongedzerwa, kunyanya, ine mazana maviri nemakumi mana nemaviri evatakuri vezvombo, makumi matanhatu ega-anozvifambisa madhaka (AMOS) uye 51 mwenje matangi akavakirwa paPuma chassis. Iyo yekupedzisira ichave yakashongedzerwa, kuitira kuchengetedza nguva nemari, ine yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa BAE Systems turret yakagadzirirwa kukwidziridzwa XM242 light tank, iyo AGS II Thunderbolt (izvi, zvisinei, zvingadzivisa kushandiswa kwepfuti 60 mm). Iyo RSG ichakamurwa kuita mana maneuver battalion, battalion yekutsigira, battalion yekutakura uye yekuraira battalion. Mari yese yekupa zvombo ina RPG ichave 161 bhiriyoni US madhora. Mukutaura kwake, akaratidza nyika dzeBaltic, dzakadzivirirwa nemauto emunharaunda, uye 8-130 ESCs kubva kuRussia hutsinye seimba huru yemitambo. Nekudaro, iyo nzira yakagamuchirwa inosiya zvakanyanya kudiwa, uye mazano ake, kunyangwe angave achinakidza, acharamba achingoda kuziva zvine chekuita neiyo chaiyo inoshanda CVMS (Combat Vehicle Modernization Strategy).

Sechokwadi chinonakidza, dhizaini yakafanana yakatariswa pakutanga kweiyo FRES (Future Rapid Effect System) chirongwa muUK. Nokufamba kwenguva, mhuri yeScout SV yakaonekwa, yakavakirwa papuratifomu yeGDELS ASCOD SV (ASCOD 2 musiyano), iyo isina kupa tsigiro yemoto. Zvakadaro, mishumo yenhau yekumwe kudzikiswa kwechikepe cheChallenger 2 matangi zvinoreva kuti mamwe mauto eBritish ave kutanga kufunga kudzokera kupfungwa yekutanga.

Chiedza tangi setangi remangwana?

Matangi emwenje haana mukana wekutsiva MBTs munguva pfupi iri kutevera, zvinopesana nekufanotaura kwemafashoni makore gumi apfuura. Zvisinei, ivo vanogona uye zvichida vachawedzera kune arsenal yemauto akawanda anoda motokari dzakareruka dzemabasa ayo, nekuda kwehuwandu hwavo hukuru, haigoni kuitwa neMBT. Kune boka guru renyika dziri munzvimbo dzakakwirira (somuenzaniso, Peru), nzvimbo dzinopisa (Indonesia, Thailand, Brazil) kana kuti varombo zvikuru kuti vakwanise kutenga maMBT matsva (Ethiopia, Kenya), ayo matangi emwenje achave anoyevedza. Chekupedzisira, pane hunyanzvi hwazvinofanirwa kuve nemidziyo inopa rutsigiro rwemoto, iyo inogona kuve yakachipa uye nekukurumidza kuendeswa kune rumwe rutivi rwepasi. Saka, zvinoratidzika kuti mumakumi emakore anotevera, kirasi yetangi yechiedza icharamba ichikura, kunyange zvazvo icharamba iri mumumvuri we "hama huru". Izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya mukana wekuti nyika zhinji dzine urombo dzicharamba dzichida kutenga dzakamboshandiswa MBTs, kazhinji zvizvarwa zveII neII+, pamwe nemotokari nyowani dzeChinese dzakachipa.

Mifananidzo iri muchinyorwa: FNSS, OBRUM, BAE Systems, IDF / www.fresh.co.il, MO FR, Burke-MacGregor Group LLC, Piotr Butowski, Andrzej Kiński,

Bartholomew Kucharsky, Max Smith, Internet.