Lenin - piyona simba renyukireya
Lenin ndiye piyona wesimba renyukireya. Lenin muna Chivabvu 1960, mufananidzo kubva muchikepe cheDanish Navy. Helicopter Mi-1 panzvimbo yekumhara. Forswarz Libraries
Kubudirira kwekuchamhembe kweSiberia kwakatanga neizvo zvinogona "kubviswa" kubva mumasango ayo. Zviwanikwa zvaive zvakawanda, dambudziko raive rekuti "root" ye "budiriro". Nzvimbo yakaoma zvikuru yaisabatanidza zvifambiso zvepanyika, saka yakaramba iri mvura, asi sezvo nzizi dzakawanda dzaiyerera mumakungwa anotonhora, akafukidzwa neaizi kwegore rose, zvakanga zvisiri nyore kushandisa mugwagwa uyu.
Kubva muzana remakore rechi1880, vagari vemo vaigara kumahombekombe eGungwa Dzvuku vakatamira kure nokure kumabvazuva, vachizosvika pamuromo weOb. Mushure mekufamba kwekutanga kwedzinza reRomanov, kuongorora kwemvura yekuchamhembe kwakatanga zvakanyanya muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi1877 nerwendo rwaVitus Bering, hama Khariton naDmitry Laptev, uye Semyon Chelyuskin. Makore zana gare gare, zvakava pachena kuti rwendo rwechikepe mumhenderekedzo yokuchamhembe kweAsia rwaibvira. Kekutanga izvi zvakaitwa nerwendo rwaAdolf Erik Nordenskiöld pane steamer Vega, iyo yakadzokera kuStockholm muna Kubvumbi XNUMX, vapedza rwendo rwemakore maviri rwekutenderera nechando chechando chatova paBering Strait. Panguva iyoyo, kubvira XNUMX, zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakanga zvatotumirwa kunze kwezviteshi zveGungwa reKara kuenda kuArkhangelsk. Rakanga risiri bhizinesi rakakura (uye saka rine mari yakawanda), asi sezvo zvisaririra zveSiberia zvakawanikwa, mvura yeArctic yakamutsa kufarira kunowedzera pakati pevaRussia.
Pakupera kwaMarch 1897 cadmium. Stepan Makarov, nyanzvi yezvegungwa, mufambi, uye gare gare mutungamiriri wechimwe chezvikwata zveBaltic Fleet, akapa hurukuro paSt. ngarava inopwanya aizi yaigona kuvakurira. Iyo postulate yakatsigirwa nehurumende uye gore nehafu gare gare, Jermak yakatangwa paNewcastle-on-Tyne shipyard muNewcastle-on-Tyne (Makarov aiva munyori weprojekti yake, aitarisirawo basa). Kusvikira 1901, akaita matatu "reconnaissance" ndege kuchamhembe naMakarov muchikepe. Makore gumi gare gare, ndege dzenguva dzose dzakatanga pakati peVladivostok neKolyma, dzichiri dzisina kukosha kwehupfumi.
Kutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga uye rwendo rwakatungamirirwa naBoris Vilkitsky muna 1913-1915. (akawana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Severnaya Zemlya), panguva iyo 60-mita inopwanya ice "Taimyr" uye "Vaigach" vakabudirira vakazviratidza, vakashandura pfungwa yekuchamhembe nzira. Iyo yakazvimirira Gumiguru Revolution yakawedzera kukosha kwayo, sezvo yakava nzira pfupi yegungwa pakati pemigumo yenyika yeBolshevik, asiwo iyo yega kunze kwemvura yenyika dzakamboipikisa.
Muna 1932, kekutanga mune kumwe kufamba, ngarava inopwanya aizi Alexander Sibiryakov yakabva kuArkhangelsk ichienda kuBering Strait nerwendo rwaOtto Schmidt, uyo akakurumidza kugadzwa kuva mutungamiriri wekutanga weGlavsevmorput. Muna 1934, yakaparadzwa nenzira yakapesana naFedor Litke, uye muna 1935, mushure mekutamiswa kwevatakuri vematanda maviri kubva kuLeningrad kuenda kuVladivostok, basa rayo rinogara richitakura rakatanga. Somugumisiro, muhafu yechipiri yemakore ekuma30, ngarava ina dzokupwanya aizi dzeArctic dzerudzi rwaStalin dzakavakwa panzvimbo dzeSoviet shipyards.
Mushure mekupera kwekufamba kwechikepe muna 1937, apo ngarava dzinopfuura makumi maviri dzakanamira muaizi (imwe yengarava yakanyudzwa ne "advancing" hummocks), Moscow yakaziva kudiwa kwemaaizi emu arctic edhizaini yepamusoro uye kufambisa kune simba. Ndakanga ndisina nguva yokunyatsorondedzera pakatanga Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri, uye somugumisiro, musi waMay 20, 22, hurumende yeUSSR yakagamuchira chisungo chokuti “Kugovera Nzira yeNorthern Sea ngarava dzine simba dzinopwanya aizi uye chokufambisa. zvikepe zvakagadzirirwa kufamba muArctic kuti ichinje. " munzira yemugungwa inowanzoshanda”, umo mirayiridzo yakakodzera yakapiwa kuBazi Rokuvaka Zvikepe.
