Compression ratio yeinjini yedhiziri - nzira yekuwedzera iyo parameter?

Unoziva here kuti moyo wemota yako, injini, unoshanda sei? Ndeapi maitiro anoitika paunodzvanya pane gasi pedal kana paunochinja magiya? Usaramba ruzivo urwu - zviri nani iwe unoziva motokari yako, nokukurumidza iwe uchanzwa kusashanda kunogona kuitika. Imwe yeakakosha maitiro ndeye compression ratio yeinjini.

Isu tinodzidza dzidziso - chii chinoitika mukati mekamuri yekupisa?

The compression ratio in theory ndiyo reshiyo yevhoriyamu munzvimbo iri pamusoro pepiston inoshanda panguva iyo painodarika nepakati yakafa yepasi kusvika kuvhoriyamu mukamuri iri pamusoro pepiston panguva yainodarika nzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa. Tsanangudzo iyi inoratidza musiyano wekumanikidza mukamuri yekupisa pachayo panguva iyo mafuta anopinzwa mucylinder.

Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, iyo compression reshiyo inowanzovhiringidzika neimwe pfungwa, iyo yekumanikidza kweinjini yedhiziri, asi mukuita aya mazwi maviri akasiyana. Kudzvanya ndiyo yakanyanya kudzvanywa piston ine muhumburumbira sezvainopfuura kubva pasi pakafa pakati kuenda kumusoro kwakafa. Hukoshi uhu hunoyerwa mumhepo.

The compression reshiyo inoyerwa nereshiyo yemasvomhu, semuenzaniso 19:1. Kune injini dzedhiziri, reshiyo iri pakati pe18 ne22 kusvika 1 inoonekwa seyakanakisa. Nedhigirii iri rekumanikidza, moyo wemota uchashanda zvakanyanya. Kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakabatana zvakananga nereshiyo yekumanikidza. Iyo yakanyanya kumanikidza kusimuka mukamuri uye iyo yakanyanya kudzvanya, iyo inowedzera hupfumi kushandiswa kwemafuta kuchave, nepo simba rinogamuchirwa rinogona kuwedzera.

Diesel injini kushanda

Compression ratio mukuita - inoshanda sei?

Kupisa kwemafuta musanganiswa mujini kunoitika nekusangana kwehutsi hwakasanganiswa hwehutsi nemhepo. Apo musanganiswa unopisa, unowedzera, zvichiita kuti kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa mukamuri. Panguva imwecheteyo, crankshaft inoita shanduko, pamwe chete, injini inoita imwe sitiroko yebasa rinobatsira. Mazuva ano, injini dzedhiziri dzine yakaderera compression reshiyo haichagadziriswi, nekuti izvi hazvidiwi, uye yakaderera-octane mafuta yakanyangarika pamusika. Wese munhu arikuvavarira mamwe ehupfumi uye akakwirira-anosimudzira injini ane yakakwira compression reshiyo.

Kuwedzera kweiyo compression ratio inogona kuwanikwa nekudzikisa kamuri yekupisa yeinjini yedhiziri. Asi nekuchinja kwakadaro, mainjiniya mumafekitari anofanirwa kuwana mhinduro yekusagadzikana, nekuti ivo vanofanirwa kuchengetedza kudzvanywa mukamuri, pamwe nekuderedza huwandu hwemafuta akapiswa. Imwe nzira yekuwedzera kudzvanya ndeyekubereka cylinder head blocks - iyo compression ratio inowedzera, uye huwandu hwekupisa kwemafuta mukamuri hunoderera. Muchiitiko ichi, silinda inochengetedza vhoriyamu yayo yekushanda, uye injini yekusimuka haichinji.

nezve compression ratio

Kuchinja iyo compression ratio - maitiro ekuvandudza mashandiro?

Mazuva ano, mainjiniya akawana imwe nzira yekuwedzera kudzvanywa mukamuri yekupisa - uku ndiko kuiswa kweturbocharger. Kuiswa kwechigadzirwa ichi kunotungamirira kukuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa muimba yekupisa kwemukati, nepo mavhoriyamu ekamuri yacho pachayo haafaniri kuchinjwa. Kuonekwa kwemichina yakadaro kwakakonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwesimba, kusvika ku50% yehuwandu hwepakutanga. Kubatsira kwema supercharger ndiko kugona kuzviisa iwe pachako, kunyangwe zviri nani kupa basa iri kune nyanzvi.

Nheyo yekushanda kwema-supercharger emhando dzose inosvika kune chimwe chiito chiri nyore, chinonzwisisika kunyange kuvana. Isu tinoziva kuti injini yemotokari inoshanda nekuda kwekupisa nguva dzose kwemafuta-mhepo musanganiswa inopinda mumasilinda ejini. Vagadziri vanoisa chiyero chakanyanya chemafuta nemhepo inopinda mumasilinda - iyo yekupedzisira inopinda mukamuri yekupisa nekuda kwekusikwa kweiyo isingawanzo mhepo panguva yekutora sitiroko. Supercharger, kune rumwe rutivi, inobvumira mamwe mafuta nemhepo kuti zvipiwe pane inopinza kune imwechete volume yekamuri yekupisa. Saizvozvowo, huwandu hwesimba panguva yekupisa hunowedzera, simba rechikwata rinowedzera.

Nekudaro, vatyairi havafanirwe kutakurwa nekuwedzera kwakanyanya kwezviratidzo zvekutanga zve "iron bhiza" - nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwesimba rinopisa, kuderera kwezvikamu zvejini kunowedzerawo.

Mapistoni anopisa nekukurumidza, mavharuvhu anopera, iyo inotonhorera system inotadza. Uyezve, kana turbocharging inogona kuiswa nemaoko ako pachako, saka hazvisi nguva dzose zvinobvira kubvisa migumisiro yekuedza uku kunyange muchitoro chakanaka chekugadzirisa motokari. Muzviitiko zvisingabudiriri zve auto modernization, "moyo" wayo unogona kungoputika. Izvo hazvidi kutsanangurwa kuti kambani yeinishuwarenzi icharamba kukubhadhara chero muripo pasi peichi chiitiko, ichiisa mutoro wese pauri chete.

Diesel injini hadzina throttle valve, semugumisiro wekuti zvinokwanisika kuzadza cylinders zviri nani uye zvakanyanya, pasinei ne rpm. Pamota zhinji dzemazuvano panoiswa mudziyo wakaita seintercooler. Iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uwedzere huwandu hwekuzadza mumasilinda ne20%, iyo inowedzera injini simba.

Iyo yakawedzera yekumanikidza reshiyo kudzvanywa kweinjini yedhiziri haisi yakanaka nguva dzose uye haiwanzo kuwedzera simba rayo. Iyo yekushandisa compression reshiyo inogona kunge yatove pedyo nekugogodza kwayo kune yakapihwa mhando yehuturu, uye kuiwedzera zvakare kunogona kuderedza injini simba uye kumhanya nguva. Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, kudzvinyirirwa muimba yekupisa kunogara kuchidzorwa uye kudzorwa nemagetsi, izvo zvinokurumidza kupindura kuchinja kwekushanda kwejini. Usati waita chero mashandiro ekuwedzera ma parameter emazuva ano "iron horse", iva nechokwadi chekubvunza nyanzvi.

Nzira dzekuwedzera simba reinjini yekupisa yemukati (PitStopMD)

Nyanzvi maonero

Ruslan Konstantinov

Nyanzvi yemotokari. Akapedza kudzidza kubva kuIzhGTU anonzi M.T. Kalashnikov ane dhigirii muKushanda Kwekutakura uye Tekinoroji Machines uye Complexes. Anopfuura makore gumi ehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa mota ruzivo.

Kune akawanda ejini dizeli, iyo compression ratio iri pakati pe18/22 kusvika 1. Hunhu hwakadaro hunopa kugona kwakanyanya kwesimba remagetsi, uye kana iyo compression reshiyo ichiwedzerwa neinenge muzana muzana, simba rinokwira neinenge 2% . Pamusoro pekushandisa turbocharging, manhamba aya anogona kuwedzerwa nedzimwe nzira.

• Common Rail system.

Chimiro chemazuva ano chinoshandiswa pamotokari zhinji dzemazuva ano dzine magetsi edhiziri. Nheyo yacho ndeyokuti musanganiswa wemafuta unogara uchipihwa kumakamuri ekupisa nekumanikidza kwakafanana, zvisinei nekumhanya kweinjini uye simba. Kana mune yakajairwa system compression inoitika mune yakawanda yekudyara, ipapo mune yakajairika njanji panguva yejekiseni yemafuta mukamuri. Nekuda kwehurongwa uhu, kubereka kunowedzerwa ne30%, asi nhamba iyi inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekumanikidza jekiseni remafuta.

• Chip tuning.

Nzira yakaenzana yakakurumbira yekuwedzera simba ndeye chip tuning. Nheyo yekunatsiridza ndeye kushandura hunhu hwekumanikidza muhutsi system nekushandura maparamita emagetsi enjini control unit. Iyo chip inovandudza kushanda uye kugona kweinjini, uye zvakare inotarisisa nguva yekupihwa kwemafuta kumasilinda. Mukuwedzera, chip tuning inobvumira iwe kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kuita kuti kushanda kuve nehupfumi.

Kuti uite chip tuning iwe pachako, iwe uchada yakakosha michina, ruzivo uye ruzivo. Kuisa yakagadziridzwa controller zvinoreva kunyatso gadzirisa kune chaiyo injini; zvinodikanwa zvakare kuita diagnostics kutanga. Naizvozvo, kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakavimbiswa, zviri nani kutendeukira kune nyanzvi.