Supermarine Seafire ch.2

Mutakuri wendege yakareruka HMS Triumph yakatorwa mifananidzo muSubic Bay muPhilippine panguva yekufambisa yaisanganisira US Navy munaKurume 1950, nguva pfupi Hondo yeKorea isati yatanga. Pamberi peFR Mk 47 Seafire 800th AH, kumashure - Fairey Firefly ndege.

Zvinenge kubva pakutanga kwebasa rayo muRoyal Navy, iyo Seafire yakatsiviwa zvakatevedzana nevarwi vane simba rakakura rekurwisa uye rakanyatsokodzera kushanda kune vatakuri vendege. Zvisinei, akagara neBritish Navy kwenguva yakakwana kuti atore chikamu muHondo yeKorea.

Northern France

Nekuda kwekunonoka kupinda mubasa reHMS Indefatigable - mutakuri wendege weImplacable zvikepe - iyo yakamirira Seafire squadrons kubva ku24th Fighter Wing (887th uye 894th NAS) vakazviwanira rimwe basa. Kubva paRAF Culmhead muChirungu Channel, vakafamba pamusoro peBrittany neNormandy, vachiitisa "combat reconnaissance" kana kuperekedza Hawker Typhoon fighter-bombers. Pakati paApril 20 naMay 15, 1944, vakaita mazana mana endege pamusoro peFrance. Vakarwisa vakatarisana nepasi uye nepamusoro pezvinangwa, vachirasikirwa nendege mbiri kubva kumhepo yekudzivirira moto (imwe kubva kune imwe neimwe squadron), asi haina kumbobonderana nemuvengi mumhepo.

Zvichakadaro, zvakasarudzwa kuti 3rd Naval Fighter Wing yaizobatsira zvakanyanya kupfuura mugungwa mukutungamirira pfuti dzehondo dzemugungwa panguva yekuuya kweNormandy. Zvakaitika kubva pakumhara kwekare zvakaratidza kuti ndege dzeNavy pachinangwa ichi dzaive panjodzi yekurwiswa nevarwi vevavengi. Muna Kubvumbi, 886. NAS uye 885 dzakanyanya “kumutswa” pachiitiko ichi.” NAS yakashongedzerwa neyokutanga Seafires L.III, uye yechi808 ne897th NAS yakanga yakagadzirirwa Spitfires L.VB. Bapiro rechitatu, rakawedzerwa uye rakashongedzerwa, raive nendege nhatu uye vatyairi ve3. Pamwe chete nezvikwata zviviri zveRAF (42 uye 60 Squadrons) uye imwe US ​​Navy squadron ine Spitfires (VCS 26), vakagadzira 63th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing yakamira paLee-on-Solent pedyo nePortsmouth. Lieutenant R. M. Crosley ve7 USA vakarangarira:

Pamamita 3000, Seafire L.III yakanga ine simba rinopfuura 915 kupfuura Spitfire Mk IX. Yakarerukawo nemakirogiramu 200. Takawedzera kurerutsa maSifire edu nekubvisa hafu yenhumbi dzavo dzepfuti uye pfuti dzinoverengeka dziri kure. Ndege dzakagadziridzwa neiyi nzira dzakanga dzakati twii kutenderera uye mwero wakakwirira kupfuura weMk IX Spitfires unosvika mamita 200 91. Iyi mukana ichave yakakosha kwatiri munguva pfupi!

Crosley anotaura kuti Seafire yavo yakabviswa mapapiro emapapiro. Izvi zvakakonzera chiyero chepamusoro chepamusoro uye chinhanho chepamusoro chepamusoro, asi chaive nechaisatarisirwa mhedzisiro:

Takaudzwa kuti taizonyatsodzivirirwa paLuftwaffe nokuramba tichirinda kwevamwe varwi 150, vakanga vakarongwa kureba mamita 30 000. Asi isu takanga tisingazive kuti kunofanira kunge kwaifinha sei kune vese vatyairi vendege veRAF neUSAAF. Mukati memaawa 9150 okutanga evhozhokero, hapana kana ADR [radar yenzira yemhepo] yakaronda vavengi vavo, avo vaisagona kuzvionera vamene kupi nokupi kwaigona kuona neziso. Saka vakatarisa pasi vachida kuziva. Vakaona tichitenderera tiri vaviri vaviri tichitenderera mabhiriji. Dzimwe nguva taifamba mamaira 72 mukati menyika. Vakaona mapapiro edu akakona uye vakafungidzira kuti taiva varwi veGermany. Kunyange zvazvo takanga tine mitsetse mikuru mitema nemichena pamapapiro uye fuselage, ivo vakatirwisa vatirwisa zvakare. Mumazuva matatu okutanga echisimba, hapana chatakataura kana kuita chaigona kuvamisa.

Imwe tyisidziro vafambisi vedu vengarava vainyatsoziva moto wekurwisa ndege. Mamiriro okunze epaD akatimanikidza kuti tibhururuke kureba kwemamita 1500 chete. Zvichakadaro, mauto edu nemauto emugungwa akanga achipfura chinhu chiri chose chaigona kusvika, uye ndicho chikonzero, uye kwete mumaoko eGermany, takatambura kurasikirwa kukuru kwakadaro paD-Day uye zuva raitevera.

Pazuva rokutanga rekupinda, Crosley kaviri akatungamirira moto pahondo yehondo Warspite. Kukurukurirana kweredhiyo kwe "spotters" nezvikepe zveChirungu Channel kwaiwanzovhiringidzwa, saka vatyairi vendege vasina kushivirira vakatora danho uye vakapfura zvisina tsarukano pane zvavainge vasangana nazvo, vachibhururuka pasi pemoto wakaoma wePolish air defense, panguva ino yeGerman. Poshi. Manheru aJune 6, 808, 885, uye 886, US yakanga yarasikirwa nendege imwe neimwe; Vatyairi vendege vaviri (S/Lt HA Cogill naS/Lt AH Bassett) vakaurayiwa.

Zvakaipisisa, muvengi akaziva kukosha kwe "spotters" uye pazuva rechipiri rekupinda, varwi veLuftwaffe vakatanga kuvavhima. Mutungamiriri Lieutenant S.L. Devonald, mukuru we885th NAS, akadzivirira pakurwiswa nevasere veFw 190 kwemaminitsi gumi. Paakanga achidzoka, ndege yake yakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya yakarasa injini uye yaifanira kusimuka. Zvakare, Mutungamiriri JH Keen-Miller, mukuru webhesi paLee-on-Solent, akapfurwa pasi mukubonderana nemaBf 109 matanhatu ndokutorwa musungwa. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo 886th NAS yakarasa maSeafire matatu kune airsoft moto. Mumwe wavo aive L/Cdr PEI Bailey, mutungamiri wechikwata akapfurwa neAllied artillery. Sezvo akanga akanyanya kuderera kuti asashandise parachuti, akaivhura mugomba revashandi ndokuburitswa panze. Akamuka ari pasi, arohwa zvakaipisisa, asi ari mupenyu. Maodzanyemba kweEvrecy, Lieutenant Crosley akashamisika uye akapfura Bf 109 imwe chete, zvichida kubva kuchikwata chekuongorora.

Mangwanani ezuva rechitatu rekurwiswa (June 8) pamusoro peUlgeit, Lieutenant H. Lang 886 weNAS akarwiswa kubva pahuma nevaviri veFw 190s uye akapfura mumwe wevairwisa nokukurumidza. Kwapera kanguva, iye pachake akarohwa uye akamanikidzwa kumhara nechimbichimbi. Lieutenant Crosley, uyo akaraira moto pachikepe chehondo cheRamillies zuva iroro, akayeuka:

Ndakanga ndichingotsvaga tarisiro yatakapihwa patakarwiswa nebope reSpitfires. Takanzvenga tichiratidza kusekwa. Panguva imwe cheteyo, ndakadana Ramilis paredhiyo kuti amire. Mutyairi wechikepe aiva kune rimwe divi zviri pachena kuti aisanzwisisa zvandaitaura. Akaramba achinditi " wait, ready". Panguva iyi, takanga tichidzingirirana, sekunge tiri pacarousel hombe, ine makumi matatu eSpitfires. Sezviri pachena vamwe vavo vaipfura kwete isu chete, asiwo kune mumwe nemumwe. Zvaityisa, nekuti "vedu" vaipfura zvirinani pane snags uye vakaratidza hukasha hwakanyanya. MaGermany, akatarisa zvose izvi kubva pasi, anofanira kunge akashamisika kuti isu taipenga nezvei.

Paive nekukakavadzana kwakati wandei nevarwi veLuftwaffe zuva riya nemazuva aitevera, asi pasina mhedzisiro inobatika. Sezvo mabhiriji akawedzera, nhamba yezvaigona kutariswa zvezvikepe zvakadzikira, saka "maspotters" akarairwa kupisa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kudyidzana uku kwakawedzera zvakare pakati pa27 Chikumi na8 Chikunguru, apo ngarava dzehondo Rodney, Ramillies neWarspite dzakabhomba Caen. Panguva imwecheteyo, vatyairi veSeafire vakagoverwa kubata nediki diki Kriegsmarine submarines iyo yakatyisidzira mauto ekupinda (imwe yacho yakakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa nePolish cruiser ORP Dragon). Vakanyanya kubudirira vaive vatyairi ve885th American Regiment, vakanyudza zvitatu zvezvikepe zvidiki izvi musi wa9 Chikunguru.

Mauto eSeafire akapedza kutora chikamu mukurwisa kweNormandy musi wa15 Chikunguru. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, 3rd Naval Fighter Wing yavo yakabviswa. Iyo 886th NAS yakabva yasanganiswa ne808th NAS, uye yechi807 ne885th NAS. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, mauto ese ari maviri akashongedzerwa zvakare neHellcats.

Supermarine Seafire airborne fighter ndege kubva ku880. NAS ichisimuka kubva mutakuri wendege HMS Furious; Operation Mascot, Norwegian Sea, Chikunguru 1944

Norway (Chikumi-Zvita 1944)

Nepo mazhinji emauto akabatana muEurope akasunungura France, Royal Navy yakaramba ichitevera vagari muNorway. Sechikamu cheOperation Lombard, musi waChikumi 1, ndege dzeUS Federal Aviation Administration dzakasimuka kubva muchikwata chemauto pedyo neStadlandet. Gumi Vanokunda Corsairs uye gumi nevaviri Furious Seafires (801 ne880 US) vakapfura pazvikepe zvekuperekedza zvaiperekedza ngarava. Panguva iyoyo, maBarracudas akanyudzwa nezvikamu zviviri zveGermany: Atlas (Sperrbrecher-181) naHans Leonhardt. C / Refutenendi K.R. Brown, mumwe wevatyairi ve801st NAS, akafa mumoto wekudzivirira mweya.

Munguva yeOperation Talisman - kumwe kuedza kunyura ngarava yehondo yeTirpitz - munaChikunguru 17, maSifires kubva ku880 NAS (Furious), 887 uye 894 NAS (Indefatigable) yakavhara zvikepe zvechikwata. Operation Turbine, yakaitwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 3 yekufambisa munzvimbo yeÅlesund, haina kubudirira nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akashata. Mazhinji endege kubva kune vese vatakuri vakadzokera kumashure, uye sere chete Seafires kubva ku887. IUS yakasvika kumahombekombe kwavakaparadza nhepfenyuro pachitsuwa cheVigra. Vhiki gare gare (Nyamavhuvhu 10, Operation Spawn), iyo Indefatigable yakadzoka nevatakuri vendege mbiri, avo Avengers vakachera nzira yemvura pakati peBodø neTromsø. Pachiitiko ichi, ndege sere dzeSeafire kunze kwe894. NAS yakarwisa Gossen airfield, kwavakaparadza nhanhatu dzeBf 110 dzakatorwa nekushamisika pasi uye Würzburg radar antenna.

Pana 22, 24 uye 29 Nyamavhuvhu, sechikamu cheOperation Goodwood, Royal Navy yakaedza zvakare kudzima Tirpitz yakavanzwa muAltafjord. Pazuva rokutanga rekushanda, apo Barracudas neHellcats vakaedza kubhomba bhomba rehondo, maSeafire masere kubva ku887. US yakarwisa nzvimbo yeBanak iri pedyo uye seaplane base. Vakaparadza zvikepe zvina zveBlohm & Voss BV 138 nendege nhatu dzegungwa: mbiri dzeArado Ar 196 neHeinkla He 115. Lieutenant R. D. Vinay vakapfurwa pasi. Masikati ezuva rimwe chetero, Lieutenant H. T. Palmer nas/l R. Reynolds ve894. USA, ichiri kutenderera kuNorth Cape, yakashuma kupfurwa kwendege mbiri dzeBV 138 munguva pfupi. MaGermany akanyora kurasikirwa. imwe chete. Yaiva ye3./SAGr (Seaufklärungsgruppe) 130 uye yakanga iri pasi pemurairo wemutungamiriri. August Elinger.

Iyo inotevera Royal Navy kupinda mumvura yeNorway musi wa 12 Gunyana yaive Operation Begonia. Chinangwa chayo chaive chekuchera nzira dzekutumira munzvimbo yeAramsund. Panguva iyo maAvengers yemutakuri wekuperekedza USS Trumpeter yakadonhedza migodhi yavo, vaperekedzi vavo - 801st uye 880th NAS - vaitsvaga chinangwa. Akarwisa boka diki, akanyura madiki evaperekedzi, Vp 5105 neVp 5307 Felix Scheder, nemoto wepfuti. S/MA Lt. Glennie we801 NAS akaurayiwa mumoto wekudzivirira mweya.

Munguva iyi, 801st uye 880th NAS yaizomiswa pane itsva ndege inotakura ndege, HMS Implacable. Zvisinei, kupinda kwayo mubasa kwakanonoka, saka panguva yekushanda "Begonia" mapoka ose maviri akadzokera ku "Fast and the Furious", iyo iyi ndiyo yaiva yekupedzisira kubhururuka mubasa rake refu. Ipapo vakatamira kunzvimbo yapasi, uko vakaumbwa zviri pamutemo kuva 30th Naval Fighter Aviation Regiment. Mukupera kwaGunyana, 1th Wing (24th uye 887th NAS) vakaendawo kumahombekombe, uye mutakuri wavo wendege Indefatigable (werudzi rwakafanana neImplacable) akadzokera kunzvimbo yezvikepe zvechizvino-zvino. Naizvozvo, apo iyo Implacable yakashuma kugadzirira basa nguva pfupi yakatevera, iyo 894th Wing yakakwidzwa kwenguva pfupi seyakanyanya ruzivo mutakuri wendege yerudzi urwu.

Chinangwa cherwendo rwavo rwekutanga rwakabatana, rwakaitika muna Gumiguru 19, chaiva chekuongorora nzvimbo yeTirpitz uye kuona kana ngarava yehondo ichiripo. Basa iri rakaitwa nevarwi veFirefly vane zvigaro zviviri; panguva iyoyo, maSeafires akapa chivharo chezvikepe zvechikwata. Yechipiri uye yekupedzisira kutorwa ne24th Wing muImplacable yaive Operation Athletic, iyo yakanangana nekupfuura munzvimbo dzeBodø neLödingen. Pazuva rechipiri rekushanda, Gumiguru 27, maSifires akavhara ndege yeBarracuda neFirefly, iyo yakaparadza ngarava yeU-1060 ine rocket salvos. Kune 24th Bapiro, uku ndiko kwaive kushanda kwekupedzisira mumvura dzeEurope - nguva pfupi yapfuura, Indefatigable akaenda navo kuFar East.

Implacable akadzokera kumvura yeNorway musi wa 27 Mbudzi aine 30th Fighter Wing (US 801st uye 880th) mukati. Operation Provident yaive yakanangana nekutumira munzvimbo yeRørvik. Zvakare, maFirefly fighters (ayo, kusiyana nemaSefire eHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, akanga akapakatira pfuti ina 20-mm uye zvombo zvisere) uye varwi veBarracuda vakava simba guru. Mukati meimwe nhambo (Operation Urban, Zvita 7-8), donzo racho rakanga riri rokuchera mvura munharaunda yeSalhusstremmen, ngarava yakakuvadzwa nemhaka yemhepo ine dutu. Kugadziriswa kwayo uye kuvakazve (kusanganisira kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzediki-caliber anti-ndege artillery) yakaenderera kusvika muchirimo chegore rinouya. Mushure meizvi ndipo apo Implacable neSeafires vake vakatanga kuenda nechikepe kuPacific.

Itari

Pakupera kwaMay 1944, mauto e4th Naval Fighter Wing akasvika muGibraltar, akatanga vatakuri vendege Attack (879 US), Hunter (807 US) uye Stalker (809 US). Muna Chikumi naChikunguru vakarinda makonivhesiti pakati peGibraltar, Algiers neNaples.

Zvisinei, zvakabva zvava pachena kuti panguva ino yehondo, kuperekedza vatakuri vendege, kupfuura maSeafires, ndege dzaidiwa dzinogona kunge dzakashongedzerwa nemakomba uye kudzika mhosva kudzivirira makonikoni kubva kungarava dzepasi pemvura. Iwo ekare Swordfish biplanes aive akanyatsokodzera basa iri. Nechikonzero ichi, musi waChikumi 25, chikamu chemauto e4th Wing - 28 L.IIC Seafires kubva kune ese matatu squadrons - yakaendeswa kune mainland kunodyidzana neRAF fighter regiments.

Chikwata ichi, chinozivikanwa seNaval Fighter Wing D, chakatanga chamiswa paFabrica neOrvieto kusvika 4 Chikunguru uyezve kuCastiglione nePerugia. Munguva iyi, akaita, seSpitfire squadrons yaakaperekedza, mabasa ehunyanzvi ekucherekedza, akatungamira moto wepfuti, akarwisa nzvimbo dzepasi uye mabhomba akaperekedzwa. Akasangana nevarwi vevavengi kamwe chete - musi waChikumi 29, vatyairi vendege vaviri ve807 vakatora chikamu muhondo pfupi uye isina kugadziriswa pakati peSpitfires neboka revanhu vangangoita makumi matatu Bf 30 neFw 109 pamusoro pePerugia.

Hondo yakagumisa kugara kwayo muItari musi wa17 Chikunguru 1944, ichidzokera kuburikidza neBlida muAlgiers kuenda kuGibraltar, kwayakabatana nemai ngarava. Mumavhiki matatu paKondinendi, akarasikirwa nemaSeafire matanhatu, kusanganisira matatu mutsaona uye imwe mukurwiswa kwehusiku paOrvieto, asi hapana mutyairi mumwe chete. S/Lt RA Gowan anobva ku879. USA akapfurwa nemhepo yekudzivirira moto ndokumhara pamusoro peApennines, uko vatsigiri vakamuwana ndokudzokera kuchikwata. S/Lt AB Foxley, akarovawo kubva pasi, akakwanisa kuyambuka mutsetse asati adonha.

Mutakuri wendege anoperekedza HMS Khedive akasvika muMediterranean pakupera kwaChikunguru. Akaunza 899th US Regiment, iyo yakamboshanda sechikwata chekuchengetedza. Uku kuungana kwemauto kwakaitirwa kutsigira kumhara kwaizouya kumaodzanyemba kweFrance. Pakati pevapfumbamwe ndege vatakuri veTask Force 88, Seafires (yakazara ye97 ndege) yakamira pane ina. Ava vaive Attacker (879 US; L.III 24, L.IIC neLR.IIC), Khedive (899 US: L.III 26), Hunter (807 US: L.III 22, maviri LR.IIC) naStalker ( 809 USA: 10 L.III, 13 L.IIC uye LR.IIC). Pavashanu vatakuri vendege vakasara, maHellcats akaiswa pavatatu (kusanganisira maviri eAmerica), uye maWildcats akaiswa paviri.

Southern France

Operation Dragoon yakatanga musi waNyamavhuvhu 15, 1944. Nenguva isipi zvakava pachena kuti chifukidziro chemhepo chezvikepe zvekupinda uye mabhiriji chakanga chisingadikanwi mumusimboti, sezvo vaLuftwaffe vaisanzwa vakasimba zvakakwana kuti vavarwise. Naizvozvo, maSifires akatanga kufamba mukati menyika, achirwisa traffic mumigwagwa inoenda kuToulon neMarseille. Ndege shanduro L.III yakashandisa simba ravo rekubhomba. Mangwanani aNyamavhuvhu 17, gumi nemaviri maSeafires kubva kuAttacker naKhedive uye mana maHellcats kubva kuImperator ndege inotakura yakabhomba bhatiri repfuti pachitsuwa chePort-Cros.

Vamwe vevatakuri vendege veTask Force 88, vachifamba kumadokero vachitevedza Côte d'Azur, vakamira kumaodzanyemba kweMarseille mambakwedza musi wa19 Nyamavhuvhu, kubva kwaive nemauto eSeafire mukati meToulon neAvignon. Pano vakatanga kuuraya mauto eGermany, ayo akanga achidzokera achitevedza migwagwa inokwira nomupata weRhone. Tichitoenda kumadokero, musi wa22 Nyamavhuvhu Zvipfuwa zveAtacker neHellcats zveEmperor zvakakanganisa chikamu cheGerman 11th Panzer Division chakadzika musasa pedyo neNarbonne. Panguva iyoyo, maSefire akasara, kusanganisira nawo, akatungamirira moto weBritish (hondo yeRamillies), maFrench (hondo yehondo Lorraine) nevaAmerica (chikepe chehondo cheNevada nechikepe chinorema Augusta), vachibhomba Toulon, iyo yakazozvipira. musi waNyamavhuvhu 28.

Zvikwata zveSeafire zvakapedza kutora chikamu kwavo muOperation Dragoon zuva rapfuura. Vakagadzira akawanda se1073 sorties (yekuenzanisa, 252 Hellcats uye 347 Wildcats). Kurasikirwa kwavo kwehondo kwakasvika kundege gumi nembiri. 12 vakafa mutsaona dzekumhara, kusanganisira gumi dzakarovera muKhedive, iro boka raive risina ruzivo. Kurasikirwa kwevashandi kwakaganhurirwa kune vashoma vatyairi vendege. S/Lt AIR Shaw kubva ku14. NAS yaive nezviitiko zvinonakidza - yakapfurwa pasi nemoto unorwisa ndege, yakatorwa uye ikapukunyuka. Abatwazve, akatiza zvakare, panguva ino achibatsirwa nevaibva muuto reGermany.

Greece

Kutevera Operation Dragoon, vatakuri veRoyal Navy vari kutora chikamu vakamira paAlexandria. Nenguva isipi vakanga vobudazve mugungwa. Kubva munaGunyana 13 kusvika 20, 1944, sechikamu cheOperation Exit, vakapinda mukurwisa kwemauto eGerman aibuda eCrete neRhodes. Vatakuri vendege mbiri, Attacker naKhedive, vakatakura Seafires, vamwe vaviri (Mutengi uye Mutsvagi) vakatakura Wildcats. Pakutanga, mutyairi wezvikepe weHMS Royalist chete nevaparadzi vaaiperekedza vakarwa, vachiparadza makonikosheni eGerman husiku uye vachidzokera pasi pechifukidziro chevatakuri-vanorwisa varwi masikati. Mumazuva akatevera, MaSeafire nemaWildcats akafamba-famba muKrete, achipepeta motokari dzepachitsuwa chacho.

Panguva iyoyo, Emperor nemaHellcats ake vakabatana nebhendi. Mangwanani emusi wa19 Gunyana, boka re22 Seafires, 10 Hellcats ne10 Wildcats rakarwisa Rhodes. Kushamisika kwakapera, uye ndege dzose dzakadzoka dzisina kukuvadzwa pashure pokubhomba kwechiteshi chengarava chikuru pachitsuwa chacho. Mangwana acho, boka racho rakadzokera kuAlexandria. Munguva yeOp Operation Sortie, maSifires akaita zvinopfuura zana nemakumi matanhatu uye haana kurasikirwa nendege imwe (muhondo kana mutsaona), iyo pachayo yakabudirira chaizvo.