Supernova
supernova SN1994 D mune galaxy NGC4526
Munhoroondo yose yekuongorora nyeredzi, 6 chete kuputika kwe supernova kwakaonekwa neziso rakashama. Muna 1054, mushure mekuputika kwesupernova, yakaonekwa mu "denga" redu here? Crab Nebula. Kuputika kwa1604 kwakaonekwa kwemavhiki matatu kunyange masikati. Iyo Large Magellanic Cloud yakaputika muna 1987. Asi iyi supernova yaive 169000 light-years kubva paNyika, saka zvaive zvakaoma kuona.
Pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu 2011, vazivi venyeredzi vakawana supernova maawa mashoma mushure mekuputika kwayo. Ichi ndicho chinhu chepedyo cherudzi urwu chakawanikwa mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura. Mazhinji supernovae angangoita bhiriyoni imwe yechiedza-makore kubva paNyika. Panguva ino, jena diki rakaputika mamirioni makumi maviri nerimwe chete kubva pachiedza-makore. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nyeredzi yakaputika inogona kuoneka nebhainokura kana teresikopu diki muPinwheel Galaxy (M25), iri kubva pakuona kwedu kusiri kure neUrsa Major.
Nyeredzi shomanene dzinofa somugumisiro wokuputika kukuru kwakadaro. Vazhinji vanoenda chinyararire. Nyeredzi inogona kuenda supernova inofanira kuva yakakura zvakapetwa kagumi kusvika makumi maviri sehukuru hwezuva redu. Iwo akakura chose. Nyeredzi dzakadaro dzine chengetedzo yakakura yehuwandu uye inogona kusvika kumusoro kwepamusoro tembiricha uye nokudaro?Isika? zvinorema zvinhu.
Mukutanga kwema30, nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga Fritz Zwicky akadzidza kupenya kusinganzwisisike kwechiedza chaimboonekwa mudenga. Akasvika pamhedziso yokuti kana nyeredzi ikadonha uye ichisvika pahutsinga hunoenzana nedensity yeatomu nucleus, dense nucleus inoumbwa, umo maerekitironi kubva "kutsemuka"? maatomu achaenda kunuclei kuumba manyuturoni. Aya ndiwo magadzirirwo achaita nyeredzi inonzi neutron. Chipunu chimwe chepakati penyeti inonzi neutron inorema makirogiramu mabhiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe. Nekuda kwekudonha uku, huwandu hukuru hwesimba huchagadzirwa, hunokurumidza kuburitswa. Zwicky aivadaidza kuti supernovae.
Kuburitswa kwesimba panguva yekuputika kukuru zvekuti kwemazuva akati wandei mushure mekuputika kunodarika kukosha kwaro kwegwara rose. Pashure pokuputika, goko rokunze riri kukura nokukurumidza rinosara, richichinja kuva nebula yepuraneti uye pulsar, nyeredzi inonzi baryon (neutron) kana kuti gomba dema.
Asi kana, mushure mekuputika kwesupernova, huremu hwepakati huri 1,4-3 nguva yehukuru hweZuva, inoramba ichidonha uye iripo senyeredzi yenyutroni. Nyeredzi dzemanyutroni dzinotenderera (kazhinji) kakawanda pasekondi imwe neimwe, ichiburitsa huwandu hwesimba muchimiro cheredhiyo, maX-ray, uye gamma ranzi. Mhedzisiro igomba dema. Kana ichikandwa muchadenga, chinhu chepakati negoko re supernova chinokura chichipinda mujasi, chinonzi supernova remnant. Kubonderana nemakore egasi akatenderedza, zvinogadzira kuvhunduka kwemberi uye kuburitsa simba. Makore aya anopenya munzvimbo inooneka yemafungu uye akanaka nekuti chinhu chine mavara kune vanoongorora nyeredzi.
Simbiso yekuvepo kwenyeredzi dzenyutroni haina kugamuchirwa kusvika 1968.
