Mhando yemuviri wemota - ndeipi ichava nani? Mhando dzemuviri

Chii chinonzi muviri wemotokari?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, muviri ndiwo "pamusoro" wemotokari. Uye zvakanyanya hunyanzvi uye zvinoenderana netsanangudzo, motorization ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvemotokari, iri pane chassis. Zvinhu zvehull ndizvo zvinotsigira chimiro (chimiro) uye plating. Inogona kuiswa pane chassis furemu kana kuita chikamu chakakosha nayo.

Iyo inotsigira chimiro chemuviri ndiyo "skeleton" yayo. Iyo inotarisira kusimba kwayo kwakakodzera uye nzira yekusimbisa zvimwe zvinhu. Inosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu:

• mabhawa,
• kusimbisa,
• danda pasi pebumper,
• injini spar,
• sill danda: kumberi nepakati,
• pasi,
• asina kuderedzwa.

Uyezve, ganda (muviri) ndiro basa rekuvaka mukati memotokari - mukati. Inosanganisira zvinhu zvese zvinoonekwa kubva kunze izvo zvine chekuita neaesthetics yemota, senge:

• gonhi,
• mapapiro,
• mabhampa,
• trunk lid
• injini chivharo (hood).

Hatchback, sedan, liftback kana station wagon. Ndeapi miviri yemotokari inonyanya kufarirwa?

Tichitarisa kune akati wandei emota dzevatakuri, zvakaoma kusaona mutsauko wekuona pakati pawo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwete chete ruvara rwemuviri, asi pamusoro pese chimiro. Inotemerwa nerudzi rwemuviri wemotokari - kana kuti mune zvakajairika.

Aya marudzi anogona kupatsanurwa mumapoka akati wandei, semuenzaniso, nenhamba yezvakaoma: imwe-, maviri- kana matatu-chikamu. Apo hood uye trunk zvakaderedzwa zvakajeka, uye contours yemotokari inopa pfungwa yekuumbwa kwezvinhu zvitatu zvakasiyana (miviri), tiri kutaura pamusoro pemotokari mitatu. Kana iyo rondedzero ikaita rectangle (sezvazvinoita nemavan), isu tiri kubata nemota monoblock. Kune rumwe rutivi, motokari umo trunk yakagurwa uye chete hood inoderedzwa zvakajeka imotokari mbiri-vhoriyamu.

Kudzokera kumhando dzemiviri yemotokari pachayo, inonyanya kufarirwa inosanganisira:

• hatchback,
• simudza shure
• Van,
• sedan,
• mupanda,
• zvinoshandurwa,
• limousine,
• nhonga
• minivan,
• kunze,
• SUV,
• crossover.

Imwe neimwe yadzo ine hunhu hwayo, inokanganisa kutaridzika uye nyore kwekushandisa kwemotokari, uye kushandiswa kwayo. Zvakakodzera kukurukura muchidimbu mumwe nemumwe achitevedzana.

Hatchback

Iyi mhando yemuviri zvirokwazvo ndeimwe yeakajairika mumigwagwa yedu. Inosiyaniswa negonhi re trunk, rinoshanda semusuwo wekuwedzera. Inosimuka pamwe chete nehwindo, ichipa mushandisi wemotokari nyore kupinda mukamuri yekutakura uye mukati. Uyezve, mutsara wemashure wezvigaro unogona kupetwa, zvichiita kuti hunde iwedzere.

Hatchbacks inouya mumasuo matatu (kumberi kurudyi, kumberi kuruboshwe uye kumashure kwegonhi) uye mashanu-masuo (kumberi kurudyi, kumberi kuruboshwe, kumashure kurudyi, kumashure kuruboshwe uye kumashure gonhi) shanduro. Kazhinji vane miviri miviri yevhoriyamu uye chimiro chakarongeka (mutsara wedenga wakaderedzwa zvishoma, mutsara wehood wakadzikiswa zvakasimba). Hatchbacks dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira Ford Focus neVolkswagen Golf.

Simuka shure

Uyu mutumbi wemotokari unowanzovhiringidzika ne hatchback. Uye hazvishamisi, nokuti maitiro avo akafanana zvikuru. Iyo liftback inosiyana kubva kune yakafanotangira kunyanya chete mumutsetse wakakura wemusuwo wekumashure (trunk lid). Mumiriri ane mukurumbira werudzi urwu rwemuviri ndiye Seat Toledo I.

chiteshi ngoro

Dzinonzi mota dzemhuri. Ngoro dzezviteshi imotokari dzinoratidzwa nechekumashure kwakatambanudzwa - kazhinji kacho nzvimbo yekutakura. Imwe yekuwedzera, yechitatu hwindo hwindo yakajairika mumuviri uyu. Ndecheboka remiviri miviri miviri.

Chimwe chigadziro chechikamu chemukwende ndiko kuiswa kwemapuranga edenga pamotokari dzemazuva ano dzine rudzi urwu rwemuviri. Iyo inokutendera iwe kushongedza mota yako nedenga rekutakura kutakura mabhasikoro kana skis. Ngoro dzezviteshi kazhinji dzine magonhi mashanu (Volkswagen Passat, Ford Mondeo), asi kune zvakare matatu-masuo modhi (Trabant Universal, Opel Kadett E).

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Mhando yemuviri wemiviri mitatu yemota ine magonhi maviri kana mana. Panguva imwecheteyo, kusiyana nehatchback, chivharo chetrunk hachivhuri pamwe negirazi. Uye ichi chimiro ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zve sedan. Sezvatatotaura, rudzi urwu rwemhando yemotokari yemotokari inogona kuwanikwa muvhezheni yemasuo maviri, iyo, zvisinei, isingadzikisi nzvimbo yevatakuri (ichiri kugara 4-6). Mota yemhando yepamusoro yerudzi urwu iAudi A8 kana BMW 7.

Iyo sedan inowanikwa mune yakasarudzika hardtop musiyano, iyo isina mbiru pakati pemahwindo epadivi uye hardtop (inotendeuka) kana yakagadziriswa (inotendeuka-yakafanana) denga. Sedans zvakare inosanganisira limousine. Kazhinji iyi mhando yemuviri wese inonzi colloquially inonzi limousine.

Coupe

Mutumbi une zita rinoreva (French) "kucheka". Irizve pekutanga kuona kuti ine mutsara wepadenga unotsvedza wakananga kumashure. Coupes imotokari mbiri-masuo ane nhamba yezvigaro kubva ku2 kusvika ku4. Kuonekwa kwemotokari kunoyeuchidza mitambo yemitambo - uye izvi zvinowanzoitika, sezvinoitwa nePorsche 911. Muviri uri mubvunzo unogonawo kuva. inowanikwa mushanduro inoshandurwa (ine denga rinopeta rakavanzwa muhunde) uye hardtop (yakaoma pamusoro kana denga rakagadziriswa).

Zvinoshandurwa

Chimiro chezvinoshandurwa (convertibles) inzvimbo yakavhurika yevatyairi. Motokari idzi dzine denga rakapfava kana rakaomarara rinopeteka rinovanda muhunde, uye harina mbiru dzakamira kana mafuremu muchikamu chedenga (kunze kwenzvimbo yakapoteredza windshield). Kazhinji kazhinji vanouya mune maviri-masuo dhizaini. Kushandurwa kwakakurumbira ndeye, semuenzaniso, iyo BMW 3 inoshandurwa. Boka revanoshandura rinosanganisirawo migwagwa, motokari dzemotokari dzemitambo dzine mberi kwenguva refu uye shure kwenguva pfupi (Tesla Roadster).

Nhonga

Yemhando yepamusoro yeAmerican cinema, ari kuramba achishanya kumigwagwa yePolish. Iyi mhando yemuviri inosanganisa zvimiro zvemutyairi, off-road uye mota yekutakura. Inosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwenzvimbo yakavhurika yekutakura zvinhu iri kumashure (pakarepo kuseri kwemufambi kabhini). Bhokisi rinogona kuvharwa nezvivako zvakakosha. 

Iyo kabhini inogona kuve isina murume (vanhu vaviri kana vatatu, magonhi maviri), vanhu vaviri (vashanu kana vatanhatu vanhu, magonhi mana) kana kuwedzera (ine bhenji rekuwedzera maviri kana munhu mumwe). Rori ine mukurumbira ndiyo Toyota Hilux.

Minivan uye van (van)

Isu takabatanidza aya marudzi emota dzemotokari pamwechete nekuda kwehunhu hwawo hwakafanana. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, minivan ingori vhezheni diki yevan. Tinogona zvakare kutaura kuti nemaziso inotaridzika kunge mota inotakura vanhu; VAN yakafanana nevan. 

Marudzi ese ari maviri kana maviri vhoriyamu mota. Hunhu hwavo hunosanganisira muviri wakasimudzwa, wakapamhama, kamuri hombe rekutakura uye nhamba yakawedzera yezvigaro (5-9 yemaminivans, mitsara 1-4 yezvigaro 2-4 zvevani). Yakajairika mini iRenault Scenic uye kombi iFord Transit.

SUV Ini ndiri crossover

Aya marudzi emuviri anogona nyore kusanganiswa pamwe chete. Uyezve, kazhinji zvinonetsa kuziva kuti ndeipi yavo yakapihwa mota. Ivo vanosiyaniswa nemuviri wakasimba wakasimudzwa, unooneka uchiyeuchidza off-road station wagon shanduro. 

Panyaya yeSUVs, iyi ishamwari yakati chokwadi. Ivo vakashongedzerwa masisitimu anotsigira off-road kutyaira uye 4x4 drive. Crossovers kazhinji ane front-wheel drive. Mumiriri wemhando iyi yemuviri ndiye Nissan Qashqai, uye SUV ndiyo Subaru Forester.

Kusarudzwa kwemhando yemuviri wemotokari kunoenderana zvakanyanya nechinangwa chemotokari. Kana ukaronga kutyaira munzvimbo dzakaoma, sarudza SUV kana rori. Makambani emarori kana mhuri dzakakura kwazvo dzinofarira mavhani nemaminivan. Unoda nzvimbo yakawanda yekutakura? Iwe uchakoshesa crossovers uye station wagon. Iwe uri mudiwa wekunaka here? Iwe uchada sedans uye miviri yemitambo. Uye avo vanotsvaka yakanaka, nyore-ku-kupaka motokari vanofanira kusarudza kusimudza kana hatchback.