Hybrid mota - ramangwana reindasitiri yemotokari yepasi rose? Ndinofanira kusarudza hybrid here?

Makore gumi chete apfuura, vanhu vashoma vaigona kutenga mota dzakasanganiswa. Chikumbiro ichi chakataurirwa kuvatyairi vakapfuma kwazvo. Nhasi, kuderera kwemitengo yemotokari dzakasanganiswa zvinoreva kuti dziri kuwedzera kufarirwa uye dzinotengwa kakawanda. Nekudaro, ichave makore mazhinji pamberi pehuwandu hwekupisa kwemukati uye mahybrid mota, semuenzaniso, yakaenzana. Chii chinonzi hybrid uye zvinoita sei kuti mota yehybrid ityaire asi isingasvibise nharaunda semota dzinowanzo shandiswa mumigwagwa yekuPoland? Check!

Chii chinonzi hybrid?

Chinhu chikuru chemotokari dzakasanganiswa ndechekuti dzakashongedzerwa neiyo hybrid drive. Uku kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakaita seinjini yekupisa yemukati uye mota yemagetsi kana akati wandei emagetsi mota mune imwe drive unit. Saka tiri kutaura nezve hybrid drive, iyo inogona kunzwisiswa seinjini yakasanganiswa inoshandisa akati wandei zvinhu zvekushanda kwakaringana. Kutenda kune mhinduro dzakadaro uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi mu hybrid, kushandiswa kwemafuta kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya kana, kune rumwe rutivi, simba remotokari rinogona kuwedzerwa.

Hybrid Vehicles - Available Types

Vagadziri vanopa musika nemhando dzinotevera dzemahybrids:

• series;
• in parallel;
• series-parallel. 

Kugadzira mota dzakasanganiswa

MaHybrids eiyo akateedzana ane injini yekupisa yemukati uye mota yemagetsi, uye kutapurirana kunosimbiswa nebhatiri. Iko pano kuti simba rakawandisa rinogadzirwa panguva yekufamba rinounganidzwa, iro rinoshandisa jenereta yemotokari pakuwedzera mitoro, i.e. kunyanya kana uchitanga, uchityaira kukwira uye nekukasira kukurumidza. Kune mota dzakagadzirwa-yakawanda dzakagadzirwa, zvinowanzoitika kuti injini yekupisa yemukati haina kubatana zvakananga nemavhiri emota. Hazviite kuti vatenderere. Inoshanda chete sedhiraivha yejenareta inogadzira magetsi. Ndiye anotyaira motokari yemagetsi, iyo, zvakare, ine basa rekufambisa mavhiri emotokari. 

Parallel hybrid mota

Imwe mhando yehybrid iparallel hybrid, inozivikanwa zvakare nekuti mild hybrid. Kusiyana neiyo serial hybrid, injini yayo yekupisa yemukati inobatanidzwa nemavhiri uye inonyanya kuita basa rekufamba kwavo. Nekudaro, iyo mota yemagetsi mune yakadaro hybrid inowanikwa, semuenzaniso, pane shaft inobatanidza injini yekupisa yemukati nekutapurirana. Inopihwa basa rekuchengetedza injini yekupisa yemukati ichimhanya kana torque yakawanda ichidikanwa. Izvi zvinoitika, semuenzaniso, kana uchimhanyisa uye uchityaira uchikwira.

Series-parallel hybrid mota

Kana tikabatanidza hunhu hweakatevedzana uye akafanana mahybrids, ipapo imwe mhando yerudzi urwu rwemotokari ichagadzirwa - inoteedzana-yakafanana hybrid inonzi "full hybrid". Inobatanidza zvinhu zvezvigadziriso zviviri zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Mumotokari dzakadai, injini yekupisa yemukati inosanganiswa nemagetsi kumavhiri uye inogona, asi isingade, kuve iko kunobva kufambisa kwavo. "Yakazara mahybrids" anoshandisa mota yemagetsi kutyaira, uye simba rinoendeswa kwairi nejenareta kana bhatiri rakabatana neinjini yekupisa yemukati. Iyo yekupedzisira inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuunganidza simba rinogadzirwa panguva yekugadzira braking. iyo motokari Rudzi urwu rwehybrid runopa dhiraivha inoshanda kwazvo ese-mavhiri system, kunyangwe ine dhizaini yakapusa. Iyo yakatevedzana-parallel mota yakavimbika. Iyo piyona mukusimudzira kwayo yaive kunetsekana neToyota, uye yekutanga "yakazara yakasanganiswa" yaive Toyota Prius.

Hybrid motokari - kuvaka

Mumidziyo yakakosha, mota yehybrid ine injini yekupisa yemukati uye magetsi, pamwe chete nezvose zvakakosha zvemapuraneti. ndiani iye? Ichi chikamu chiri chinongedzo pakati peinjini yekupisa yemukati, jenareta uye mota yemagetsi inotyaira mavhiri emota. Iye ane basa rekuparadzanisa kumhanya kweinjini yekupisa shaft kuitira kuti mavhiri uye jenareta zvigamuchire zvakaenzana. Kushanda kwayo kunogona kufananidzwa neanoramba achichinja-chinja anopfupikisa torque inogadzirwa neinjini yekupisa yemukati uye mota yemagetsi. Kudzora kwemagetsi kwakashandiswa kuvandudza kutyaira kunyaradza uye kutyaira. Mutyairi hapana chaanoita kugovera torque zvakaenzana.

magetsi akasimba

Injini yemagetsi mumotokari yakasanganiswa haisi iyo injini huru, uye haisi injini inobvumira motokari kufamba-kutanga uye kukurumidza. Inotamba basa rekutsigirwa kwejini inopisa mukati kana pane kudiwa kwakajeka kwakadaro apo simba rinodiwa rinodiwa kumotokari, somuenzaniso, kana uchikurumidza, uchitanga kukwira, nezvimwewo. mota inokutendera kuti utange pane mota yemagetsi uye kunyangwe nekumhanya kwakaderera pasina kutanga injini yepeturu. Ipapo haufanirwe kushandisa mafuta, inova mari inochengeterwa mutyairi.

Landing

Kusiyana nemota dzemagetsi chete, mota dzakasanganiswa hadzidi kubhadhariswa simba kubva kunze kwekunze. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutyairi haafanire kuvabhadharisa kubva pamadziro emadziro kana chiteshi chekuchaja chemagetsi. Vane hurongwa hunoita basa rekudzoreredza kwesimba rinogadzirwa panguva yebhureki. Dai asiri iye, simba iri raizongoparara zvisingadzoreki. Mota yehybrid haidi mutangi. alternator, clutch uye V-bhandi - ingoshandisa otomatiki mapuraneti giya mairi. Izvo chaizvo zviri nyore mukugadzira, kunyanya kana zvichienzaniswa nembiri-clutch otomatiki kutapurirana. Izvo zvinova zvisina kufanira kusanganisa turbine mudhiraivha unit, uye nayo hapana chikonzero chechidimbu chefirita kana dual-mass flywheel.

Ko hybrid inoshanda sei?

Kana mota yakatevedzana-yakafanana (yakazara hybrid) yabatidzwa, mota yemagetsi inobatidzwa kubatsira mota kuti ienderere mberi. Kushanda kwepropulsion system kunobva pakubatana kweinjini yekupisa mukati, mota yemagetsi uye seti yemabhatiri anorema. Iyo injini yekupisa yemukati haifanire kunge ichimhanya kana ichitanga. Iyi ndiyo inonzi zero emission mode, umo pasina mafuta anopiswa zvachose. Mota yehybrid inogona kutyaira mune iyi modhi muguta kana iine bhatiri rakakodzera. Kana bhatiri ichibudiswa - "isina chinhu", motokari haina nzvimbo yekukwevera simba rinodiwa, saka injini inopisa mukati inovhurwa. Bhatiri richachajwa pese paunodzvanya brake pedal.

Panyaya ye "mild hybrids", basa rakakosha rinoitwa neinjini yekupisa mukati, ichishanda ne mechanical (manual) kana automatic transmission. Pakati peinjini yekupisa yemukati uye bhokisi regiya kana pakati pemamwe mayuniti ari mukamuri yeinjini, yemagetsi unit inoiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, motokari yemagetsi inoshanda sealternator kana kutanga. Mu "mild hybrids" bhatiri rechipiri rinoiswawo, iro rinoita kuti kuunganidzwa kwesimba kugonese mota yemagetsi.  

Paunenge uchityaira, mota yakasanganiswa yakadai, ichishandisa yuniti yayo yemagetsi, inogadzira simba rinodiwa kuisa magetsi pa-board zvishandiso, seredhiyo, pamwe nemabhatiri maviri pasi pevhavha. Injini yemagetsi inofanirwa kutsigira injini yekupisa mukati, uye kusangana uku kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta kusvika kugumi muzana. 

Sei uchisarudza motokari yakasanganiswa?

Uri kushamisika kana hybrid iri sarudzo yakanaka here? Motokari yehybrid ine zvakawanda zvakanaka, hupfumi hwemafuta hunonyanya kukosha. Kushandiswa kwemafuta emotokari dzakasanganiswa muguta kunofungidzirwa kunge marita maviri chete pa2 km. Izvi zvakare zvakakosha zvakakosha. hapana chikonzero chekuchaja bhatiri zvakasiyana kubva pakubuda. Izvi, zvakare, zvine simba rakanaka pane zvakatipoteredza. Nemota yehybrid, zvese zvaunofanirwa kuita kuzadza negasi nguva nenguva. Kana wabhureki, simba rinowanzorasika panguva iyoyo rinodzoserwa nealternator rochengetwa mubhatiri.

Volvo ine inocherekedza hybrid inopa neXC60, XC40 kana XC90.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Zvinorevei kuti motokari iyi yakasanganiswa?

Mota dzeHybrid dzinosanganisa masystem ekupisa mukati uye masystem emagetsi emotokari. Naizvozvo, vane injini yekupisa yemukati uye mota yemagetsi kana akati wandei emagetsi mota.

Unofanira kutenga motokari yakasanganiswa here?

Zvakanakira mota dzakasanganiswa, pamusoro pezvose, kudzikisira kwakanyanya mukushandiswa kwemafuta (kuchengetedza mumateshi emagetsi) uye hapana chikonzero chekuchaja bhatiri zvakasiyana kubva kune socket (zvakatipoteredza zvikomborero). MaHybrids akanakira kutyaira kweguta: akanyarara, anovandudza simba pasi pebhureki (kusanganisira neinjini) uye anochengeta sisitimu ichimhanya zvakanaka.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe hybrid nepeturu?

Iko kusanganiswa kweinjini yepeturu uye mota yemagetsi zvinoreva kuti mota dzakasanganiswa dzinoshandisa mafuta mashoma pane injini dzinopisa mukati. Paunenge uchityaira muguta, kushandiswa kwemafuta kunongova 2 malita pa100 km. Mota dzeHybrid zvakare dzakanyarara uye dzakanyanya kushamwaridzana.