High-pressure mafuta pombi: chii chiri mumotokari? Diesel nePetrol
Muzvinyorwa zviri pawebhusaiti yeVodi.su, tinoshandisa zvipfupiso zvakasiyana. Saka, mune imwe nyaya ichangoburwa nezve bhandi renguva, takati bhandi rekuchinja rinofambisa kutenderera kubva ku crankshaft kuenda kumayuniti akasiyana, kusanganisira jekiseni pombi. Chii chakavanzika pasi pechipfupiso ichi?
Aya mabhii anoreva: pombi yepamusoro yemafuta, chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chinoiswa pamotokari dzinenge dzese dzemazuvano. Pakutanga, yaishandiswa chete pamagetsi emagetsi anoshanda pamafuta edhiziri. Kusvika iye zvino, inogonawo kuwanikwa mune peturu injini ine yakagoverwa rudzi rwejekiseni.
Nei TNVD ichidikanwa?
Kana iwe ukatarisa nhoroondo yeindasitiri yemotokari, unogona kuona kuti iyo carburetor yakatanga kuita basa rekugovera mafuta pamusoro pemasilinda. Asi kare kubva pakutanga kwe80s yezana remakore reXX, maitiro ejekiseni akatanga kuibvisa. Chinhu chacho ndechekuti carburetor ine imwe yakakosha drawback - nekubatsira kwayo hazvibviri kugovera zvakajeka zvikamu zvakayerwa zvemafuta-mhepo musanganiswa mumakamuri ekupisa episton, ndicho chikonzero chekuyerera kwaive kwakakwirira.
Iyo injector inopa musanganiswa wega wega kune imwe neimwe yemasilinda. Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, mota dzakatanga kushandisa mafuta mashoma. Izvi zvakagoneka nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakapararira kwemapombi emafuta anomanikidza. Kubva pane izvi tinosvika pakugumisa kuti chinangwa chikuru chepombi yemafuta ndechekupa zvikamu zvinodiwa zvemagungano emafuta kumasilinda. Uye sezvo pombi iyi yakabatana zvakananga kune crankshaft, kana kukurumidza kudonha, chikamu chechikamu chinoderera, uye kana chichikurumidza, pane zvinopesana, chinowedzera.
Nheyo yekushanda uye chishandiso
Chishandiso chinogona kutaridzika chakaoma pakutanga kuona:
- plunger pairs inosanganisira plunger (piston) uye cylinder (sleeve);
- mafuta anopiwa kune imwe neimwe plunger pair kuburikidza nemachani;
- cam shaft ine centrifugal clutch - inotenderera kubva pabhanhire renguva;
- plunger pushers - vanomanikidzwa nemakamera emugodhi;
- kudzoka zvitubu - dzorera plunger panzvimbo yayo yepakutanga;
- kutakura mavharuvhu, fittings;
- giya racks uye ese-modhi regulator inodzorwa negasi pedal.
Ichi schematic, tsananguro yakapfava yepombi yejekiseni yemukati-mutsara. Kuziva mudziyo, hazvina kuoma kufungidzira kuti iyi yese system inoshanda sei: iyo cam shaft inotenderera, macams ayo anodzvanya pane plunger pushers. Plunger inosimudza humburumbira. Kudzvinyirirwa kunokwira, nekuda kweiyo valve yekuburitsa inovhura uye mafuta anoyerera kuburikidza naro kusvika kumuromo.
Kuti huwandu hwemusanganiswa huenderane neanoshanda modes ejini, mimwe michina inoshandiswa. Saka, nekuda kwekutenderera kweplunger, kwete iyo yose musanganiswa wemafuta inotumirwa kune majekiseni, asi chikamu chayo chete, apo mamwe ose anosiya kuburikidza nematanho emvura. Iyo centrifugal jekiseni mberi clutch inoshandiswa kupa mafuta kune majekiseni panguva chaiyo panguva. Iyo yose-modhi regulator inoshandiswa zvakare, yakabatana kuburikidza nechitubu kune gasi pedal. Kana ukatsika gasi, mafuta akawanda anoiswa mumasirinda. Kana iwe ukabata pedal munzvimbo yakagadzikana kana kusunungura, kuwanda kwekusanganiswa kunoderera.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mune dzimwe mota dzemazuva ano, zvigadziriso zvese zvinogadzirwa kwete zvemuchina kubva kune pedal, iwo majekiseni mavhoriyamu anotariswa nemagetsi anoenderana neakasiyana masensa. Kana, semuenzaniso, iwe unofanirwa kukurumidza, iwo mafungiro anoenderana anotumirwa kune actuators, uye yakanyatso kuyerwa huwandu hwemafuta inopinda mumasilinda.
Aina
Nyaya iyi yakakura chaizvo. Pamusoro, isu takatsanangura chete yakapusa mu-mutsara mhando yejekiseni pombi. Indasitiri yemotokari haina kumira uye nhasi mhando dzakasiyana dzemapombi ekumanikidza anoshandiswa kwese kwese:
- kugovera - iva neamwe kana maviri plunger yekupa musanganiswa kune njanji yemafuta, kune mashoma mapeji maviri kupfuura masilinda mujini;
- Common Rail - huru-mhando sisitimu yakafanana nemusimboti yekugovera jekiseni pombi, asi inosiyana mune yakanyanya kuomarara mudziyo uye yakakwira mafuta ekumanikidza;
- High pressure fuel pombi ine hydraulic accumulator - TVS inopinda mu hydraulic accumulator kubva papombi, yobva yapfapfaidzwa nemumhuno kuburikidza nemasilinda.
Sezvineiwo, zvakajairika mu-mutsara jekiseni pombi dzinozivikanwa seyakanyanya kuvimbika uye yakasimba. Nekudaro, Common Rail mhando masisitimu anosiyaniswa neyakaomesesa chimiro uye zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zvemhando yemafuta edhiziri. High pressure fuel pombi ine hydraulic accumulator haina kunyanya kushandiswa zvachose.
Ehezve, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemajekiseni ane solenoid mavharuvhu mune zvakajairika njanji masisitimu anoshanda maererano nemapurogiramu akaoma, injini dzakadaro dzine hupfumi. Diesel injini yerudzi urwu inodya chaizvo 3-4 malita emafuta edhiziri kunyange muguta.
Asi kugadzirisa kunodhura zvakanyanya:
- kuongororwa nguva dzose;
- kushandiswa kwemafuta anodhura einjini anokurudzirwa nemugadziri;
- kana paine kunyange diki diki twuma particles uye mabrasives mumafuta, ipapo precision zvikamu uye plunger pairs zvichakundikana nekukurumidza.
Naizvozvo, tinokurudzira kukwirisa mafuta chete mumatiweki ezviteshi zvegasi zvakaratidzwa nedhiziri remhando yepamusoro kana uine mota ine Common Rail system.
Loading ...
