Masefa emafuta. Tinosarudza nekuchenjera

Mafirita akaiswa muhuturu system anochengetedza injini yekupisa yemukati kubva kune dzimwe nyika zvidimbu, izvo zvechokwadi zviripo mune imwe uwandu kana imwe kunyange mumhando yepamusoro, mafuta akachena, tisingarevi ayo anofanirwa kuwedzerwa pazviteshi zvegesi zveUkraine.

Kusvibiswa kwekunze kunogona kupinda mumafuta kwete chete padanho rekugadzira, asiwo panguva yekufambisa, kupomba kana kuchengetedza. Haisi nyaya yepeturu nedhiziri chete - unofanirwa kusefa gasi futi.

Kunyangwe iyo sefa yemafuta isingagone kuverengerwa kune yakaoma midziyo, zvisinei, kana paine chinodiwa chekuchinja, mubvunzo wekusarudza mudziyo wakakodzera unogona kuvhiringa.

Kuti urege kukanganisa, pakusarudza mafuta sefa yemota yako, unofanirwa kunzwisisa chinangwa, maitiro uye maficha ekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa cheimwe mhando kana imwe.

Chekutanga, maturusi acho anosiyana padanho rekucheneswa kwemafuta - akaomarara, akajairwa, akakwana uye akawedzera faindi. Mukuita, maererano nekunaka kwekusefa, mapoka maviri anowanzosiyaniswa:

• kucheneswa kwakashata - usarega zvikamu makumi mashanu muhukuru kana kupfuura zvichipfuura;
• kuchenesa kwakanaka - usapfuure zvidimbu zvakakura kupfuura 2 microns.

Muchiitiko ichi, munhu anofanira kusiyanisa pakati pezita uye mhedziso yakanaka yekusefa. Nominal zvinoreva kuti 95% yezvikamu zvehukuru hwakatarwa zvinoongororwa kunze, zvachose - kwete pasi pe98%. Kana, semuenzaniso, chinhu chine zita refirita reti ye5 microns, zvino inochengeta 95% yezvimedu zvidiki se5 micrometer (microns).

Pamotokari dzinotakura vanhu, iyo coarse sefa inowanzova chikamu chemafuta module akaiswa mutangi remafuta. Kazhinji iyi mesh painopinza pombi yemafuta, inokurudzirwa kucheneswa nguva nenguva.

Iyo yakanaka yekuchenesa mudziyo chinhu chakasiyana chinogona kuwanikwa mukamuri yeinjini, pasi pepasi kana mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvichienderana neiyo chaiyo modhi yemuchina. Kazhinji izvi ndizvo zvavanoreva kana vachitaura nezvesefa yemafuta.

Zvinoenderana neiyo nzira yekusefa, zvinhu zvine pamusoro uye vhoriyamu adsorption zvinogona kusiyaniswa.

Muchiitiko chekutanga, mapepa akatetepa ezvinyorwa zveporous anoshandiswa. Zvikamu zvezvisina kuchena, izvo zviyero zvakapfuura ukuru hwema pores, usapfuura nepakati pavo uye ugare pamusoro pemapepa. Pepa rakakosha rinowanzoshandiswa kusefa, asi dzimwe sarudzo dzinogoneka - dzakaonda dzakanzwa, dzekugadzira zvinhu.

Mumidziyo ine volumetric adsorption, iyo zvinhu zvakare ine porous, asi yakakora uye kwete chete pamusoro, asiwo yemukati machira anoshandiswa kuratidza kunze tsvina. Iyo sefa element inogona kudzvanywa ceramic machipisi, diki sawdust kana shinda (coil mafirita).

Zvinoenderana nerudzi rweinjini yekupisa mukati, mafirita emafuta akakamurwa kuita mapoka mana - yecarburetor, jekiseni, dizeli mukati meinjini yekupisa uye mayuniti anoshanda pamafuta ane gasi.

Carburetor ICE ndiyo inonyanya kudiwa pamhando yepeturu, uye saka mafirita ayo ari nyore. Vanofanira kuchengetedza tsvina inotangira pakukura kubva pa15 ... 20 microns.

Injini yekupisa yemukati inomhanya papeturu inoda mwero wepamusoro wekucheneswa - sefa haifanire kurega zvikamu zvakakura kudarika 5 ... 10 microns kupfuura.

Pamafuta edhiziri, iyo particulate sefa yakanaka ndeye 5 µm. Nekudaro, mafuta anodzikiswa anogona kunge aine mvura neparafini. Mvura inokanganisa kupisa kwemusanganiswa unopisa mumasilinda uye inokonzera kuora. Uye parafini inopenya pakudziya kwakadzika uye inogona kuvhara sefa. Naizvozvo, sefa yedhiziri mukati meinjini dzinopisa dzinofanirwa kupihwa nzira dzekurwisa tsvina idzi.

Pamotokari dzine gas-balloon equipment (LPG), iyo filtration system yakasiyana zvakanyanya. Kutanga, propane-butane, iyo iri mumamiriro emvura muhumburumbira, inocheneswa mumatanho maviri. Padanho rekutanga, mafuta anopinda coarse filtration uchishandisa mesh element. Muchikamu chechipiri, kucheneswa kwakanyanya kunoitika mubhokisi regiya uchishandisa sefa, iyo, nekuda kwemamiriro ekushanda, inofanirwa kumirisana nekuchinja kukuru kwekushisa. Uyezve, mafuta, atova mumamiriro egasi, anopfuura nepasefa yakanaka, iyo inofanira kuchengetedza unyoro uye zvinhu zvine mafuta.

Zvinoenderana nenzvimbo, iyo sefa inogona kunyura mumvura, semuenzaniso, mesh yakaomesesa mune yemafuta module, inonyudzwa mutangi yemafuta, uye iyo huru. Anenge ese mafirita akanaka ndiwo mafirita makuru uye anowanzo kuwanikwa pane inopinza kumutsara wemafuta.

Izvo zvinoitika kuti filtration yakanaka yemafuta inoitwa zvakananga mupombi yemafuta. Sarudzo yakafanana inowanikwa, semuenzaniso, mune dzimwe mota dzeJapan. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kushandura sefa iwe pachako kunogona kuva dambudziko guru, zvingave zvakakosha kushandura musangano wepombi.

Mafirita emafuta anogona kunge aine dhizaini isinga patsanuke, kana anogona kugadzirwa muimba inoparara ine cartridge inotsiviwa. Hapana mutsauko wakakosha muchimiro chemukati pakati pavo.

Chishandiso chakareruka chine mafirita einjini dze carburetor dzemukati. Sezvo kudzvanywa kwehutsi system kwakadzikira, zvinodikanwa zvekusimba kweimba zvakare zvine mwero - inowanzogadzirwa nepurasitiki yakajeka, kuburikidza iyo dhigirii yekusvibiswa kwesefa inoonekwa.

Kune jekiseni ICEs, mafuta anopihwa kune mhuno pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru, izvo zvinoreva kuti peturu sefa imba inofanirwa kuve yakasimba - inowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina.

Muviri unowanzo cylindrical, kunyangwe painewo mabhokisi ane rectangular. Iyo yakajairika yakananga-inoyerera sefa ine maviri ekubatanidza ma nozzles - inlet uye outlet.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, panogona kunge paine chetatu chakakodzera, icho chinoshandiswa kutsausa mafuta akawandisa kudzokera kutangi kana kudzvanywa kwakapfuura zvakajairwa.

Kubatanidza mitsara yemafuta inogoneka kune rimwe divi uye kubva kune migumo yakatarisana yecylinder. Kana uchibatanidza machubhu, iyo inopinza uye yekubuda haifanirwe kuchinjika. Nzira yakarurama yekuyerera kwemafuta inowanzoratidzwa nemuseve pamuviri.

Kune zvakare anonzi ma-spin-on mafirita, muviri wacho une shinda pane imwe yemagumo. Kuti vabatanidzwe mumugwagwa mukuru, vanongopindirwa muchigaro chakakodzera. mafuta anopinda nemumakomba ari pedyo nedenderedzwa re silinda, uye kubuda kuri pakati.

Mukuwedzera, kune rudzi rwakadaro rwechigadzirwa sefiriji cartridge. Isimbi humburumbira, mukati umo inotsiva cartridge inoiswa.

Iyo leaf filter element inopetwa kunge accordion kana ronda riri muspiral. Ceramic kana huni sefa chinhu chine volumetric yekuchenesa ndeye compressed cylindrical briquette.

Chishandiso chekuchenesa mafuta edhiziri chine dhizaini yakaoma. Kuti udzivise crystallization yemvura neparafini pakudzika kwakadzika, mafirita akadaro anowanzova nechinhu chinopisa. Mhinduro iyi inoitawo kuti zvive nyore kutanga injini yekupisa mukati mechando, apo mafuta edhiziri akaomeswa nechando anogona kuita kunge gel gobvu.

Kuti ubvise condensate, sefa yakashongedzerwa neinoparadzanisa. Inoparadzanisa hunyoro kubva pamafuta uye inotumira kune sump, iyo ine plug yekudhonza kana pombi.

Motokari dzakawanda dzine chiedza padashboard chinoratidza kudiwa kwekubvisa mvura yaungana. Iyo yakawandisa mwando chiratidzo inogadzirwa ne sensor yemvura, iyo yakaiswa musefa.

Iwe unogona, hongu, kuita pasina kuchenesa mafuta. Chete hausvike kure. Nenguva isipi, injector nozzles ichavharwa netsvina, izvo zvichaita kuti zviome kupinza mafuta mumasilinda. Musanganiswa wakaonda uchapinda mumakamuri ekupisa, uye izvi zvinokurumidza kukanganisa kushanda kwejini inopisa mukati. Iyo injini yekupisa yemukati inozowedzera kuipa, inomira kana wangoyedza kufamba. Idling ichave isina kugadzikana, mukufamba iyo injini yekupisa yemukati inopera simba, ichazununguka, troit, kukachidza, overtake uye kutyaira ichikwira ichava dambudziko.

Kurovera uye kuhotsira kuchaonekwa kwete chete mujekiseni, asiwo muzvikamu zve carburetor, umo kusvibiswa mumafuta kuchavhara jets yemafuta.

Tsvina ichapinda zvakasununguka mumakamuri ekupisa, kugara pamadziro avo uye kuwedzera kuipa kwekupisa kwemafuta. Pane imwe nguva, chiyero chehuni nemhepo mumusanganiswa chinosvika pakukosha kwakakosha uye kupisa kunongomira.

Zvinogoneka kuti izvi hazvingatombouyi kune izvi, nokuti chimwe chiitiko chichaitika kare - pombi yemafuta, inomanikidzwa kupomba mafuta kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakavharwa, ichakundikana nekuda kwekuremerwa nguva dzose.

Mhedzisiro ichave yekutsiviwa kwepombi, kugadziriswa kwesimba remagetsi, kucheneswa kana kutsiviwa kwenozzles, mitsara yemafuta uye zvimwe zvisingafadzi uye zvinodhura zvinhu.

Inoponesa kubva mumatambudziko aya chikamu chidiki uye chisingadhuri - iyo sefa yemafuta. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kwete kuvapo kwayo chete, asiwo kuchinjwa panguva. Sefa yakavharwa nenzira imwechete ichawedzera mutoro papombi yemafuta uye inorerekera musanganiswa uchipinda mumasilinda. Uye injini inopisa yemukati ichapindura kune izvi nekudonha kwesimba uye kushanda kusina kugadzikana.

Kana iyo sefa yemafuta inoshandiswa mumotokari yako iri yedhizaini isinga patsanuke, usatambise nguva uchiedza kuichenesa, sekuraira kwevamwe mhizha. Hauzowana mhedzisiro inogamuchirwa.

Paunenge uchisarudza sefa yekutsiva chinhu chapedza sosi yayo, iwe unofanirwa kutanga watungamirwa nemirairo yemugadziri wesimba remagetsi.

Iyo yakatengwa sefa inofanirwa kuenderana nerudzi rweinjini yekupisa yemukati yemota yako, ienderane nechimiro, ichipa yakafanana throughput uye dhigirii rekucheneswa (filtration fineness) sechinhu chekutanga. Panguva imwecheteyo, hazvina basa kuti chii chaicho chinoshandiswa sesefa zvinhu - cellulose, yakadzvanywa sawdust, polyester kana chimwe chinhu.

Iyo yakavimbika sarudzo kana uchitenga chikamu chepakutanga, asi mutengo wayo unogona kunge wakakwira zvisingaite. Imwe nzira inonzwisisika ingave yekutenga yechitatu-bato sefa ine maparamendi akafanana neyekutanga.

Kana iwe usina chokwadi chekuti unonzwisisa zvakanaka kuti ndechipi chinhu chaunoda, unogona kupa mutengesi sarudzo, uchimutumidza muenzaniso uye gore rekugadzira mota. Zviri nani kutenga chero kubva kumutengesi akavimbika paInternet, semuenzaniso, muchitoro, kana muchitoro chakavimbika chisiri pamhepo.

Usadzingirire zvakachipa zvakanyanya uye tenga munzvimbo inopokana - iwe unogona kumhanya nyore mukunyepedzera, kune akawanda awo pamusika wemotokari. Mumutengo wesefa yemhando, inopfuura hafu yemitengo ndeyebepa. Izvi zvinoshandiswa nevagadziri vasina kutendeseka, vachishandisa yakachipa yakaderera-yemhando sefa zvinhu muzvigadzirwa zvavo kana kuita kuti styling iregere. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane inenge isina pfungwa kubva kune sefa yakadaro, uye kukuvadza kunogona kuve kwakakosha. Kana iyo sefa bepa iri yemhando isina kukwana, haizosefa kunze kusvibiswa zvakanaka, mafiibhi ayo anogona kupinda mumutsara wemafuta uye kuvhara majekiseni, anogona kuputsa pasi pekumanikidzwa uye kurega akawanda emarara achipfuura. Kesi yakagadzirwa nepurasitiki yakachipa inogona kusamira kumanikidza uye shanduko yekushisa uye kuputika.

Kana iwe uchiri kutenga pamusika, nyatsoongorora chikamu chacho, iva nechokwadi chokuti hutano hwekushanda huri pasina mubvunzo, teerera kune logos, zviratidzo, kurongedza.

Kana uine injini dhiziri, unofanira kusarudza sefa kunyanya nokungwarira. Kusakwana simba kunoderedza kugona kupomba mafuta, zvinoreva kuti mumamiriro ekunze ane chando unoisa panjodzi yekusatanga. Iyo diki yemvura sump inosimudzira mukana wekunyorova kupinda mukati meinjini yekupisa nemhedzisiro yese inotevera. Iyo yakaderera dhigirii yekuchenesa inotungamira kune yakavharika nozzles.

Gasoline ICEs ane jekiseni rakananga zvakare anotarisisa kuchena kwemafuta. Kune iyi mhando yeinjini yekupisa yemukati, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza chete yepamusoro-mhando yemafuta sefa.

Kana tikataura nezvevagadziri, saka mafirita eGerman HENGST, MANN uye KNECHT / MAHLE ndeemhando yepamusoro. Chokwadi, uye dzinodhura chaizvo. Inenge imwe nehafu yakachipa kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvekambani yeFrance PURFLUX neAmerican DELPHI, nepo hunhu hwavo hunenge hwakaenzana nemaGerman ataurwa pamusoro. Vagadziri vakaita seCHAMPION (USA) neBOSCH (Germany) vane nguva refu uye vakanyatsozvisimbisa ivo pachavo. Vane mitengo yakaderera, asi maererano nekumwe kufungidzira, kunaka kweBOSCH zvigadzirwa zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenyika yazvinogadzirwa.

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