Brake pads. Zvaunofanira kuziva

Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, mhando mbiri dzemabhureki nzira dzinoshandiswa - disc uye chigubhu. Muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri, nzira yekukwenya yebhureki inoshandiswa, umo kuderedzwa kwekutenderera kwemavhiri kunoitika nekuda kwekubatana kwemaviri ekuputika. Mune maviri akadaro, chimwe chezvikamu zvinofambiswa uye zvinotenderera nevhiri, imwe yacho yakamira. Iyo inofamba chikamu ibhureki disc kana dhiramu. Iyo yakagadziriswa chinhu ndeye brake pad, iyo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Munguva yebhureki, kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura kunogadzirwa mu hydraulic system kana mhepo yakamanikidzwa kana pneumatics inoshandiswa sekutyaira. Kudzvinyirirwa kunotamirwa kune anoshanda (vhiri) masilinda, uye mapistoni avo, achienderera mberi, anoita pamabhureki mapedhi. Kana mapadhi akatsikirirwa padhisiki kana chigubhu chinotenderera nevhiri, simba rekukwenya rinomuka. Mapadhi uye disc (dhiramu) zvinopisa. Nokudaro, simba rekinetic rekufamba kwemotokari rinoshandurwa kuva simba rinopisa, kukurumidza kwekutenderera kwemavhiri kunoderera uye motokari inononoka.

Mapedhi edhisiki mabhureki anosiyana muchimiro. Muma disc mabhureki ari flat, mudhiramu mabhureki anogadzirwa nenzira yearc. Chimiro chinotemerwa nepamusoro peiyo mapedhi ari kusangana - iyo flat side surface ye disc kana yemukati cylindrical inoshanda pamusoro pedhiramu. Zvikasadaro, hapana misiyano yakakosha mumagadzirirwo avo.

Nheyo inogadzirwa nesimbi inotakura ndiro. Kudivi risiri-kushanda, ine inonyorovesa primer yekunyorovesa kudedera uye ruzha. Mune mamwe magadzirirwo, damper inogona kugadzirwa nenzira yesimbi inobviswa.

Iyo friction lining inopindirana zvakananga ne disc kana dhiramu, iyo yakasungirirwa pachigadziko neadhesive yakakosha kana ne rivets. Izvo zvinoitika kuti iyo lining inogona kubviswa, asi kazhinji iyo block inoshanduka zvachose.

Iyo lining ndiyo inonyanya kunakidza chikamu chebrake pad. Kushanda kwebhureki, pamwe nehupenyu hwesevhisi uye mutengo wepadhi pachayo, zvinonyanya kuenderana nematanho ayo uye magadzirirwo.

Pane thermal insulation layer pakati pe friction layer uye ndiro yekutsigira. Inodzivirira kubva pakupisa zvakanyanya uye kubva pakuvira. 

Kazhinji, chamfers uye imwe kana seti ye slots inogadzirwa padivi rekushanda repadhi. Chamfers inoderedza kudedera uye ruzha, uye slots inoshanda kubvisa guruva, uye zvakare inovandudza kupisa kupisa.

A lapping coating inowanzoiswa pamusoro peiyo friction layer yekukurumidza kugadzirisa kune disc irregularities.

Kubatsira mutyairi kuti anzwisise kuti chivharo chasvika pachiyero chakakomba chekupfeka, vazhinji vanogadzira vanochipa chine mechanical signing device, inova ndiro yesimbi yakagadzikwa kusvika kumagumo. Kana iyo friction layer yanyanya kupfekwa, mupendero weplate uchatanga kubata bhureki disc uye unoburitsa hunhu hunonzwika kurira.

Munguva ichangopfuura, kudzora dhigirii yekupfeka kwepadhi, magetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa, kana akonzerwa, chiedza chinopindirana pane dashboard chinovhenekera. Vanogona kunge vari kunze kana kuvakwa mukati. Muchiitiko chechipiri, kuti uchinje, unofanirwa kutenga mapedhi ane ma sensor akabatanidzwa.

Chinhu chikuru chinodiwa kune linings ndechekupa yakakwana braking performance mumamiriro ese emugwagwa, kusanganisira madhaka uye humidity yakakwirira. Ihwo hunyoro hunopa dambudziko rakakura kune rakajairwa kushanda kwebrake pair, kutamba basa remafuta uye kudzikisa coefficient yekupokana.

Mapedhi anofanira kuchengetedza maitiro avo ekushanda muchando chakanyanya, kutsungirira kuchinja kwekushisa kamwe kamwe uye kupisa kwakakosha, iyo panguva yekurwisana inogona kusvika 200 ... 300 ° C uye nezvimwe.

Hunhu hweruzha zvakare hwakakosha zvikuru. Anenge makore zana apfuura, pakatangwa mabhureki edhisiki, mapedhi acho akanga asina mapedhi uye kukwenya kwesimbi pasimbi panguva yekubhureki kwaiperekedzwa nokurira kunotyisa. Mune mabhureki emazuva ano, dambudziko iri harisipo, kunyangwe mapedhi matsva anogona kurira kwechinguva kusvika apfeka.

Chimwe chakakosha chinodiwa pamapedhi maitiro akapfava kune brake disc (drum). Iro friction pad iyo yakanyanya kupfava inoderedza simba rekubhureki rakagadzirwa nekukwesha, uye friction compound iyo yakanyanya kuoma ichakurumidza "kudya" disc, iyo inodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura mapedhi.

Pamusoro pezvo, kurovera kwakaomarara kwakanyanyisa kunogona kuvharisa kutenderera kwemavhiri nguva isati yakwana, kana mota isati yadzikira zvakakwana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, motokari inogona kuenda kusvetuka uye kuva isingadzoreki.

Friction linings yemotokari, sekutonga, ine friction coefficient muhuwandu hwe 0,35 ... 0,5. Uku ndiko kukosha kwakanyanya kunobvumira kwakaringana braking mumigwagwa yemuguta nemigwagwa yenyika uye panguva imwechete inobatsira kuchengetedza brake disc resource. Kune mapedhi ane yakakwira coefficient of friction, asi anonyanya kuitirwa mota dzemitambo dzinoda kunonoka kazhinji uye zvakanyanya.

Mumazuva ekare, asbestos yaishandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira friction linings. Zvisinei, zvakazoitika kuti guruva reasbestos rine carcinogenic properties, saka nyaya iyi yakarambidzwa zvachose muEuropean Union muna 2005. Dzimwe nyika dziri kutevera muenzaniso wadzo zvishoma nezvishoma. Nechikonzero ichi, mabhureki mapedhi ane asbestos ari kuve mashoma uye, hongu, kuiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvakadaro kunofanirwa kudziviswa.

Asbestos yakatsiviwa nemisanganiswa ine dzimwe nguva 15-20 zvikamu. Vagadziri vakakomba ivo vanogadzira friction zvinhu, vachiedza kuwana akanakisa kuita zvivakwa.

Kusvika iye zvino, kune matatu makuru emhando ye lining for brake pads - organic, simbi-ine uye ceramic.

Organic idzo dzinowanzo gadzirwa pahwaro hwegraphite pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwemabinder uye friction-enhancing components - polymers, fiberglass, mhangura kana shavings yebronze, nezvimwe zvinhu. Sezvo kuumbwa kuine chidimbu chesimbi (kusvika ku30%), chinhu ichi chinonziwo pasi-simbi (pasi-simbi).

Mapadhi emhando iyi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari mushure mekutengesa, anoshivirira chando zvakanaka uye ane mutengo unoyevedza. Kune rumwe rutivi, organic rubbers yakapfava, haina kukwirira kupfeka kusagadzikana uye haina kunaka zvakanyanya pasi pekunetseka kwakanyanya.

Kuiswa kwehuwandu hwakakosha hwemhangura, simbi kana mamwe masimbi mukuumbwa kweiyo friction inovandudza kupisa kupisa, saka mapedhi aya anogona kumira zvakanyanya kupisa zvakanaka, semuenzaniso, mune yehasha kutyaira. Metal-ine linings ishoma pasi pekupfeka kwavo, asi iyo seti inodzima brake disc zvakanyanya uye ine ruzha zvishoma. Vazhinji vanoona sarudzo iyi seyakanyanya kushandiswa pamotokari zhinji dzinotakura vanhu.

Ceramic-based linings inodzivirira kupfeka uye inoshanda zvakanaka pasi pekupisa kwakasimba, saka kushandiswa kwavo kwakakodzera mumotokari dzemujaho, uko kungoerekana mabhureki anogona kukonzera kupisa kusvika 900-1000 ° C. Nekudaro, ivo havana kukodzera kutyaira kwakajairwa kutenderera guta kana nzendo dzenyika, sezvo vachida preheating kusvika 200 ° C. Uye makeramiki asina kupisa haazokwanisi kuratidza hunhu hwavo hwakanakisa, asi vanogona kukurumidza kupfeka kwebrake disc. Mukuwedzera, mutengo weceramic pads wakanyanya kukwirira.

Kana kureba kwebhureki kwakawedzera, kurira kwechiratidzo chekupfeka kunonzwika, cylinder yekushanda yakavharwa yakavharwa, caliper yakanamatira, zvino ndiyo nguva yekuchinja mapepa. Zvisinei, zviri nani kutarisa nguva nenguva mamiriro ekugadzirisa mabhureki uye mapads, pasina kumirira zviratidzo zvakadaro. Iwe unogona kufungidzira dhigirii rekupfeka kwemapadhi nekutarisa nepahwindo mune caliper. Kana 1,5 ... 2 mm yakasara ye friction layer, mapedhi anoda kuchinjwa. Uye zvechokwadi, iwe haugone kuunza nyaya yacho pakubviswa kwakakwana kwechigadziko, sezvo munyaya iyi nheyo yesimbi yepadhi ichakurumidza kuparadza bhureki disc.

kuitira kutsiva, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezverudzi rwemotokari, huwandu hwayo, simba reinjini, mamiriro ekushanda, maitiro ekutyaira.

Sarudza mapadhi akaenzana saizi nemapedhi auri kutsiva. Izvi zvichakurumidza uye kuvandudza kukuya kwavo, kunyanya kana dhisiki (drum) ine mapundu (mafudzi).

Kuti ienderane zvakanyanya, zviri nani kuti mapads uye disc zvinobva kumugadziri mumwe chete.

Iva nechokwadi chekushandura mapedhi ose pamavhiri ose eekisi imwe chete. Zvikasadaro, maitiro emuchina panguva yekubhureki anogona kunge asingafungidzike.

Zvikamu zvinowanikwa mukutengesa zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu:

1. Yekutanga, kureva, iyo yakaiswa pamichina inosiya mutsara wegungano. Zvinogona kudhura, asi kune rumwe rutivi, iwe unovimbiswa kugamuchira chikamu icho hunhu hunodzorwa kwete chete nemugadziri wakananga, asiwo neautomaker pasi peiyo brand inogadzirwa. Nokudaro, unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti chinhu chacho chinonyatsoenderana nemaitiro akaziviswa.

2. Analogues (iyo inonzi aftermarket) zvikamu zvinobudiswa nekambani imwechete seyekutanga, asi zvinotengeswa pasi pechiratidzo chavo pachavo. Vanogona kunge vaine kumwe kutsauka kubva kune yakaziviswa paramita. Muna 1999, Economic Commission yeEurope yaida kuti vagadziri vezvikamu zvisiri zvekutanga zvemabhureki kuti vazadzise zvinodiwa neautomaker ne85%. Zvikasadaro, zvigadzirwa hazvibvumidzwe pamusika weEurope. Uku kuenderana kunoratidzwa neECE R90 yekumaka.

Panyaya yemutengo, analogues anogona kusvika pedyo nezvikamu zvepakutanga, asi kazhinji zvakachipa ne20 ... 30%.

Iyo coefficient of friction yeanalog pads yakaderera pane yepakutanga, uye inowanzoita 0,25 ... 0,4. Izvi, hongu, zvinokanganisa kumhanya kwemabhureki uye kureba kwechinhambwe chebhureki.

3. Zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa nyika dzichiri kusimukira. Muchikamu ichi, unogona kuwana mapedhi asingadhure, asi mhando yavo ine rombo rakanaka sechero munhu. Mapadhi akachipa haafanire kugara kwenguva refu, asi anogona kukanganisa bhureki disc. Saka kuchengetedza kwakadaro kunogona kuva kusava nechokwadi zvikuru, kunyanya kana uchiyeuka kuti tiri kutaura nezvekuchengeteka.

Zviri nani kutendeukira kune, munyaya iyi iwe hausi kuzowira kune fake, iyo kune yakawanda, asi inoparadzirwa zvikuru mumisika uye zvitoro zviduku.