U-Booty mhando IA
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U-Booty mhando IA

28.07.2022 /

U-Booty mhando IA

U 26 w 1936 g.r.

Kupfuura kurambidzwa kwekugadzirwa kwezvikepe zvepasi pemvura zvakatemerwa Germany, iyo Reichsmarine yakasarudza, pasi pesimba ravo, kuvaka prototype muCadiz yeSpain ine hushamwari uye kuitisa bvunzo dzinodiwa nekubatanidzwa kwenyanzvi dzeGerman, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuita kudzidzisa kunoshanda. ngarava dzavo dzepasi pemvura. ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzechizvarwa chechidiki.

Kuberekwa kweU-Bootwaffe mukuzvivanza

Chibvumirano chorugare chakasainwa pakati pa1919, chinowanzozivikanwa seChibvumirano cheVersailles, chakarambidza Germany kugadzira kana kuvaka ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Nekudaro, imwe nguva mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, hutungamiriri hweReichsmarine hwakasarudza - kunyangwe kurambidzwa kwakaiswa - kushandisa ruzivo rweindasitiri yekuvaka ngarava mukugadzira uye kuvaka kwezvikepe zvepasi pemvura kuburikidza nekutengesa kunze uye kubatana nenyika dzine hushamwari, izvo zvaifanira kunge zvakagonesa kuenderera mberi. kuvandudzwa kwekugona kweGerman. Kudyidzana kune dzimwe nyika kwakaitwa kuburikidza neSubmarine Design Bureau Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw (IvS), yakavambwa muna 1922 uye yakapihwa mari muchivande neGerman Navy. Vagadziri vayo vakagadzira akati wandei magadzirirwo mumakore akatevera, akakweretwa kubva kuHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Muna 1926, kambani yakapinda muchibvumirano chekuvakwa kwezvikamu zviviri muNetherlands kuTurkey (purojekiti Pu 2, iyo yaiva yekugadzirwa kwehondo yekutanga UB III), uye muna 46 chibvumirano neFinland chekuvaka 1927. zvikamu (purojekiti Pu 3, iyo yaive yekuwedzera yeYak III - chirongwa 89a; muna 41, kondirakiti yakasainwa yekuvakwa kwechikamu chemahombekombe zvakare kuFinland - chirongwa 1930). Muzviitiko zvese izvi, mapurojekiti aingova kuvandudzwa kwe zvivakwa zvekare.

Muna Chivabvu 1926, mainjiniya eIVS akatangazve basa rakavhiringwa pakupera kwehondo pane 640-ton G-mhando yepasi pemvura ye364-ton UB III (purojekiti 48). Dhizaini yeiyi dhizaini yemazuva ano yakamutsa kufarira kweReichsmarine, iyo yakaisanganisira muzvirongwa zvegore rimwechete kutsiva iyo yakamborongwa UB III.

Kunyange zvazvo miedzo yegungwa yezvikamu zvakavakwa muNetherlands yakaitwa zvachose nevashandi veGermany uye pasi pekutungamirirwa kwenyanzvi dzeGermany, ruzivo chete rwakawanikwa panguva yekuvaka nekuedzwa kwechikwata che "Spanish" chaizoshandiswa kuvandudza purojekiti yeramangwana. ngarava yemazuva ano "Atlantic" yekuwedzera mauto ezvikepe zvepasi pemvura zvinofungidzirwa nemaGerman - analogue yeiyo prototype yemahombekombe unit yakazovakwa muFinland (Vesikko). Panguva iyoyo, Germany yakawedzera hungwaru kuunganidza kuyedza kuwana ruzivo kubva kunze kwenyika nezve tekinoroji nyowani dzine chekuita nepasi pemvura uye yakasimbisa kushambadzira kwayo kwakanangana nekumutsa maonero everuzhinji kupokana nezvirambidzo zveChibvumirano cheVersailles.

E 1 - "Spanish" prototype yechikepe chengarava.

Nekuda kwezvimwe zvinodiwa zvakatemerwa nengarava dzeGerman kune vagadziri kubva kuhofisi yeIVS kuti vawedzere simba remichina, kumhanya kwepamusoro uye kureba kwendege, chirongwa cheG (640 matani) chakawedzerwa nematani zana emamwe matangi emafuta. . Somugumisiro wekuchinja uku, hupamhi hwechikepe hwakawedzera, kunyanya muchikamu chepasi pemvura. Zvikepe zvese zvakavakwa pasi pekutungamirwa kweIVS zvaive zvine injini dzedhiziri dzakaiswa pamusoro pekambani yeGerman MAN (kunze kwezvikamu zvitatu zveFinland, zvakagamuchira injini kubva kukambani yeSweden Atlas Diesel), asi nekukumbira kwedivi reSpain. yeramangwana E 100, ivo vakashongedzerwa neina-stroke injini dzedhiziri dzemagadzirirwo matsva emugadziri, akawana simba rakawanda: M3V 1/8, achiburitsa 40 hp. pa46 rpm.

Mushure mekuchinja kwakawanda kwakapfuura, muna Mbudzi 1928, hofisi yeIVS yakazotumidza chirongwa chePu 111 Ech 21 (akamiririra muzvinabhizinesi wekuSpain Horacio Echevarrieti Maruri, Basque, aigara muna 1870-1963, muridzi weAstilleros Larrinaga y Echevarrieta nzvimbo yengarava mu. Cadiz), uye gare gare Navy yakaratidza chirongwa ichi seE 1. The torpedo pfuti yekugadzika yaisanganisira 4 uta uye 2 stern tubes ane dhayamita (caliber) ye 53,3 cm, yakagadziridzwa kune itsva mhando ye 7-mita yemagetsi torpedoes iyo. usasunungure mabhuru emhepo angaratidza mafambiro echombo chepasi pemvura.

Izvo zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi zvehunyanzvi zvakashandiswa:

  • torpedo yakasundirwa kunze kwechubhu nepiston yemhepo ichibva yaregedzerwa muchikepe, ichibvisa kuumbwa kwemafuru anogona kuratidza nzvimbo yepasi pemvura ichipfura pfuti;
  • mukana wekukwenya matangi eballast ane dizeli exhaust;
  • pneumatic control yemavharuvhu ekuzadza uye shuffling ballast matangi;
  • welding yemagetsi yematangi emafuta (yemafuta edhiziri nemafuta ekuzora)
  • kugadzirira nemudziyo wekuteerera wepasi pemvura uye mudziyo wekugamuchira wekutaurirana uri pasi pemvura;
  • kugadzirira iyo submersible system ine tangi yekunyudza inokurumidza.

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