Chigadzirwa uye nheyo yekushanda kwechitofu chemotokari
Zviri mukati
Varidzi vemotokari vasina ruzivo nguva dzose havanzwisisi kuti chitofu chiri mumotokari chinoshanda sei uye kuti chinogamuchira sei simba rinopisa, nerubatsiro rwacho chinopisa mukati. Kunzwisisa nzira yekugadzira simba rekupisa mumotokari yemotokari inokosha kwete chete sedzidziso, asiwo mukuita, nokuti pasina ruzivo rwakadaro mutyairi haazokwanisi kushandisa zvakanaka mukati memoto.
Varidzi vemotokari vasina ruzivo nguva dzose havanzwisisi kuti chitofu chiri mumotokari chinoshanda sei uye kuti chinogamuchira sei simba rinopisa, nerubatsiro rwacho chinopisa mukati. Kunzwisisa nzira yekugadzira simba rekupisa mumotokari yemotokari inokosha kwete chete sedzidziso, asiwo mukuita, nokuti pasina ruzivo rwakadaro mutyairi haazokwanisi kushandisa zvakanaka mukati memoto.
Chitofu chei?
Mazita akati wandei akapihwa kuchikwata ichi:
- chitofu;
- heater;
- heater.
Vese vanotsanangura hunhu hwayo - mudziyo wakagadzirirwa kupisa mutakuri, kuitira kuti kunyangwe panguva dzemoto unotyisa unodziya uye wakasununguka mukati memotokari. Mukuwedzera, iyo heater inoputika mhepo inopisa pamhepo, nekuda kwekuti chando nechando zvinonyunguduka pairi.
Iyo yemukati yekudziya system inoshanda sei
Chitofu chikamu chejini inotonhorera system, saka kuti unzwisise misimboti yekushanda kwayo, iwe unofanirwa kutanga wanzwisisa kuti simba rekupisa rinobva kupi mumotokari uye nei zvakakosha kuitonhodza. Mota dzemazuvano, kunze kwemotokari dzemagetsi, dzine mota dzinoshanda nekuwedzera magasi panguva yekutsva kwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa (peturu, dhiziri kana gasi pamwe nemhepo), saka mayuniti emagetsi akadai anonzi "injini dzekupisa mukati" kana kupisa kwemukati. injini.
Kupisa kwakanyanyisa kunobva kupi?
Mushure mekupera kwebasa rekushanda, kupera kwemhepo kunotanga, apo magasi anopisa anobva mujini uye anopinda mukati me catalyst, apo hydrocarboni uye carbon monoxide zvinopiswa, saka muunganidzi anowanzopisa kusvika pamwero we600-900 degrees. Zvakangodaro, panguva yekushanda, musanganiswa unopisa wepeturu nemhepo unokwanisa kuendesa chikamu chesimba rekupisa reBC uye silinda musoro, uye nekupihwa kuti shaft kutenderera kumhanya kweinjini dzedhiziri dzechinyakare pakusashanda i550 rpm, kutenderera kwekushanda. inopfuura muhumburumbira yega yega pasekondi 1-2 nguva. Sezvo mutoro uri pamotokari unowedzera, mutyairi anotsikirira gasi zvakanyanya, izvo zvinowedzera:
- huwandu hwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa;
- tembiricha panguva yekushanda kutenderera;
- nhamba yezvikwekwe pasekondi.
Ndiko kuti, kuwedzera kwemutoro kunotungamirira kukuwedzera kwekusunungurwa kwesimba rekushisa uye kupisa kwezvikamu zvose zvejini. Tichifunga kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvemagetsi emagetsi zvinogadzirwa nealuminium, kupisa kwakadaro hakugamuchirwi kwavari, saka, kupisa kwakanyanya kunobviswa uchishandisa inotonhora. Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha yeinjini panguva yekushanda ndeye 95-105 madhigirii Celsius, ndeye iyo iyo mapeji ese ekupisa ejini anoverengerwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti kupfeka kwezvikamu pane ino tembiricha kushoma. Kunzwisisa nheyo yekuwana simba rinopisa rakawanda rinodiwa kuti upindure mubvunzo - chii chitofu mumotokari chinoshanda kubva.
Motokari kupisa injini
Kupisa kwakanyanya kunoenda kupi?
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekutonga kwakadaro, simba rinopisa rinopisa rinofanira kuraswa pane imwe nzvimbo. Mune inotonhorera system dhizaini, maviri akapatsanurwa antifreeze circulation madenderedzwa akagadzirirwa izvi, imwe neimwe iine radiator yayo (yekupisa):
- salon (zvitofu);
- chikuru (injini).
Iyo yekupisa-inopisa simba resaloon radiator ine makumi emakumi mashoma pane iyo huru, saka ine zvishoma mhedzisiro pane tembiricha yeinjini, asi kuita kwayo kunokwana kupisa mukati memotokari. Sezvo injini ichidziya, tembiricha yayo inokwira, saka pakarepo mushure mekunge mutyairi atanga mota, inotonhorera antifreeze inopfuura nepakati peiyo hita radiator, iyo inopisa zvishoma nezvishoma. Naizvozvo, apo tsono ye thermometer inofamba kubva munzvimbo yakafa, mweya unodziya unotanga kuvhuvhuta kubva kune vanotsausa, nechitofu chakabatidzwa.
Kutenderera kwechisikigo kweinotonhodza kuburikidza neinotonhodza system hakuna kukwana, saka inopombwa nechisimba nepombi yemvura (pombi), iyo yakabatanidzwa nebhandi kune camshaft kana crankshaft. Kazhinji, bhandi rimwe rinotyaira pombi, jenareta uye pombi yekutungamirira simba (GUR). Naizvozvo, kumhanya kwekufamba kwemvura zvakananga kunoenderana nekumhanya kweinjini, pakusaita kutenderera kudiki, kunyangwe maparamita eiyo inotonhorera inosarudzwa kuitira kudzivirira kupisa kweinjini. Asi, mumotokari dzine simba rakaneta uye yakavharwa yekutonhodza system, injini inowanzopisa isina basa.
Kana tembiricha yejinjini inosvika 95-100 madhigirii, fan inotendeuka, iyo inoshamisa inowedzera kutonhora kwesimba remagetsi, ichibvumira kuti ishande zvinobudirira sezvinobvira. Chirongwa chakadaro chinochengetedza mota yakavimbika, asi haikanganisi kushanda kwechitofu munzira ipi neipi, nekuti tembiricha yeantifreeze inopfuura neiri inochengetwa pamwero wakafanana, uye kupisa kwemota kwemota kunokwana kunyangwe nemhepo yakakura. kune radiator yekusaloon.
Chitofu chinopisa sei mukati
Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hudiki uye chinhambwe kubva kukamuri yevatyairi, iyo heater inopisa inodziya haigone kupisa zvakananga mukati memotokari, saka, mukati kana kunze kwemhepo inoshandiswa seinotonhorera. Naizvozvo, chitofu chinhu chakaoma kunzwisisa chine zvinhu zvinotevera:
- fan;
- cabin filter;
- redhiyeta;
- nyaya dzine migero;
- dampers;
- madhaidhi emhepo anotakura mweya unopisa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekabhini;
- zvipingamupinyi zvinosunungura mweya unopisa mukamuri yevafambi;
- controls
Kune marudzi maviri emafeni akaiswa pamotokari:
- centrifugal;
- propeller.
Iwo ekutanga ndiwo muviri we "snail", mukati umo motokari yemagetsi inotenderera vhiri rine mashizha. Munguva yekutenderera, gumbo rinotenderera mhepo, iyo inokonzera centrifugal kukurumidza, ichimanikidza kutsvaga nzira yekubuda mu "snail". Kubuda uku kunova kafafitera kadiki parinopfuura nepamwe sipidhi. Kumhanya kunoita vhiri, ndipo panobva panyanya kuvhuvhuta feni.
feni yekudziya mota
Rudzi rwechipiri rwefani imota yemagetsi ine propeller (impeller) yakanamatira shaft yayo. Mapapiro epropeller, akakotama pane imwe kona, anosvina mweya panguva yekufamba. Mafeni akadaro anochipa kugadzira, uye zvakare anotora nzvimbo shoma, asi haashande, saka iwo akaiswa chete pamhando dzekare dzemotokari dzebhajeti, semuenzaniso, mhuri yese yekare yemotokari dzeVAZ, ndiko kuti, inozivikanwa Zhiguli.
Kabhini firita
Chitofu chinosveta mhepo kubva pasi pechikamu chejini, saka kune mukana wepamusoro wematombo maduku uye mamwe marara anopinda mumhepo, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza fan kana radiator. Iyo sefa chinhu chinogadzirwa muchimiro chekaturiji inobviswa, uye mhepo inocheneswa neisiri-yakarukwa yekugadzira zvinhu yakapetwa muaccordion ine antibacterial impregnation.
Kabhini firita
Iwo emhando yepamusoro uye anodhura mafirita ane chikamu chekuwedzera chakazadzwa neyakagadzirwa kabhoni, nekuda kweiyo inochenesa mweya unouya kunyangwe kubva mukunhuhwirira kusingafadzi.
Radiator
Mutsinhanisi wekupisa ndicho chinhu chikuru chemudziyo, nokuti ndiye anotamisa simba rekupisa kubva mujini kusvika kumhepo inoyerera inopfuura nayo. Iyo ine machubhu akati wandei anopfuura nepakati pelatisi yesimbi ine yakakwirira yekupisa conductivity, kazhinji aruminiyamu kana mhangura. Giridhi, inoumbwa nemapuleti embabvu ega ega, inowanikwa kuitira kuti ipe kushomeka kupikisa kuyerera kwemhepo inopfuura nepakati pavo, asi panguva imwechete ichipisa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, saka, iyo yakakura yekupisa kupisa, iyo yakawanda mhepo inogona. kupisa pachikamu chenguva kune imwe tembiricha. Ichi chikamu chinogadzirwa mumhando mbiri huru:
- nyoka-yakakomberedzwa pombi inopfuura nemumbabvu - iyi dhizaini yakachipa sezvinobvira kugadzira uye inochengetedzwa zvakanyanya, asi kushanda kwayo kwakaderera;
- matangi maviri (vaunganidzi) akabatanidzwa nemachubhu akaonda achipfuura nepakati, dhizaini yakadaro inodhura zvakanyanya kugadzira uye yakanyanya kuoma kugadzirisa, asi kushanda kwayo kwakakwira zvakanyanya.
muchina chitofu radiator
Mienzaniso isingadhuri inogadzirwa nesimbi uye aluminium, zviri nani zvinogadzirwa nemhangura.
Nyaya ine machannel
2 chiteshi chinopfuura kubva kune feni kuburikidza neimba, imwe ine radiator, yechipiri inodarika iyo yekupisa. Iyi gadziriso inobvumidza iwe kugadzirisa tembiricha yemhepo inopinda mucabin kubva mumugwagwa kuenda kune inopisa. Damper iri panosangana migero inotungamirira kuyerera kwemhepo. Kana iri pakati, mhepo inoyerera inopinda mumatanho ese ari maviri paanenge akaenzana nekumhanya, shanduko mune chero nzira inotungamira kuvharwa kwegwara rinoenderana uye kuvhurwa kuzere kweimwe.
Dampers
Iyo heater yemotokari ine 3 dampers:
- iyo yekutanga inovhura uye inovhara madhiri emhepo iyo iyo mhepo inoyerera inopinda mu radiator, zvinoenderana nayo iyo iyo heater ichayamwa mumhepo kubva, kubva mumugwagwa kana kubva kune inotakura vanhu;
- yechipiri inodzora kupihwa kwemhepo kune radiator, zvinoreva kuti inodzora tembiricha yayo yekubuda;
- yechitatu inogovera kuyerera kwemhepo kune dzakasiyana-siyana deflectors, ichikubvumira kupisa zvose mukati memukati uye zvikamu zvayo chete.
Auto stove damper
Mumotokari dzebhajeti, marevheti uye mapfumo ekudzora eaya madhamu anoratidzwa pane yekumberi panel console; pamotokari dzinodhura, mashandiro avo anodzorwa nemhepo inogadzirisa microcontroller.
Mhepo ducts
Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso uye kumisikidzwa kwemuchina, madhiri emhepo anoiswa ese ari pasi pepaneru yepamberi uye pasi pepasi, uye zvitoro zvawo zviri munzvimbo dzakasiyana mucabin. Nzvimbo dzinonyanya kufarirwa dzemhepo ndiyo nzvimbo dziri pasi pezvigaro zvepamberi uye kumashure, nokuti urongwa uhwu hwakanaka hwekupisa kwete chepamusoro chete asiwo chikamu chepasi chekabhini, uye naizvozvo makumbo emutyairi uye vatasvi.
Deflectors
Zvinhu izvi zvinoita mabasa maviri akakosha:
- cheka kuyerera kwemhepo kuita nzizi diki dzinoverengeka kuti uderedze kumhanya kwekufamba uchichengetedza huwandu hwese hwekugovera;
- chengetedza nzira dzemhepo kubva kune tsvina inopinda mairi.
Auto oven deflector
Semuyenzaniso, deflectors pa "torpedo", kureva, pamberi panhingi, anogona kutenderedzwa, nokudaro kuchinja nhungamiro kuyerera kwemhepo kubva kwavari. Iri basa rinonyanya kubatsira kana kumeso kuchitonhora uye kushandura deflector inotungamira mhepo inopisa pairi.
Kudzora
Mumotokari ipi neipi, zvidzoreso zvechitofu zvinoiswa pamberi pepaneru kana koni yayo, asi maitiro avanoita pamadhamu akasiyana. Mumhando dzisingadhuri zvakanyanya pasina air conditioning kana hurongwa hwekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze, madhamu anodzorwa netsvimbo dzakasungirirwa kune levers dzinobudiswa kunze. Mumhando dzinodhura uye dzakakurumbira, pamwe chete nepamusoro-soro mazinga, zvinhu zvose zvinodzorwa nemagetsi, izvo zvinogamuchira zviratidzo kubva kumabhatani uye potentiometers inoratidzwa pamberi pepaneru, uyewo kubva pa-bhodhi kombiyuta kana chikwata chekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze.
mhedziso
Iyo hita yemukati haisi yega yega mudziyo, asi yakaoma sisitimu yakabatana neinjini yemotokari uye pabhodhi yemagetsi wiring, uye iyo inopisa sosi yayo ndiyo mafuta anopisa mumasilinda. Nokudaro, mhinduro kumubvunzo - chii chinoita kuti chitofu mumotokari ishande, zviri pachena, nokuti ndiyo injini inopisa yemukati ndiyo "heater" chaiyo yemutyairi nevafambi, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinongoendesa kupisa kune. ivo, kupisa mhepo inopinda uye kuigovera mukati meimba yese. Pasinei nerudzi rwemotokari yaunayo - Tavria, UAZ kana motokari yemazuva ano yekunze, kupisa kwemukati nguva dzose kunoshanda maererano neshoko iri.
