Maumbirwo uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo yekuchengetedza chengetedzo sisitimu SRS

Imotokari haisi nzira chete yekufambisa, asiwo njodzi. Iyo inogara ichiwedzera huwandu hwemotokari mumigwagwa yeRussia nepasirese, kukurumidza kumhanya kwekufamba nenzira isingadzivisiki kunotungamira mukuwedzera kwenhamba yetsaona. Naizvozvo, iro basa revagadziri nderekudziridza kwete chete hwomutambarakede, asiwo mota yakachengeteka. Pusa yekuchengetedza system inobatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.

Inosanganisirei iyo yekungo chengetedza system?

Iyo mota passive chengetedzo sisitimu inosanganisira zvese zvishandiso uye nzira dzakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza mutyairi uye vafambi kubva mukukuvara kwakanyanya panguva yetsaona.

Izvo zvikamu zvehurongwa ndeizvi:

• mabhandi echigaro ane vanokakavara uye vanogumira;
• airbags;
• chimiro chemuviri chakachengeteka;
• kuzvidzora kwevana;
• emergency emergency bhatani switch switch;
• kushingaira kwekudzivirira musoro;
• emergency emergency system;
• zvimwe zvishandiso zvakajairika (semuenzaniso ROPS pane inoshandurwa).

Mumota dzemazuva ano, zvese zvinhu zveSRS zvakabatana uye zvine zvakajairika zvemagetsi kudzora kuti zvioneke kushanda kwezvizhinji zvezvinhu.

Nekudaro, izvo zvakakosha zvinhu zvekuchengetedza panguva yetsaona mumotokari zvinoramba zviri mabhandi nemabhegi emhepo. Ivo chikamu cheSRS (Supplemental Restraint System), iyo inosanganisirawo akawanda mamwe maitirwo uye zvishandiso.

Shanduko yezvinhu zvekuchengetedza zvisirizvo

Chishandiso chekutanga chakagadzirwa kuve nechokwadi chekungochengetedzwa kwemunhu mumotokari raive bhandi rechigaro, rakatanga kubvumidzwa kumashure muna 1903. Zvisinei, vakawanda kuisa mabhandi mumotokari akatanga chete yechipiri yezana ramakumi maviri - muna 1957. Panguva iyoyo, michina yakaiswa pazvigaro zvepamberi uye yakagadzika mutyairi uye mutyairi munzvimbo yenhengo (mbiri-poindi).

Iyo bhandi-yechigaro-nhatu-bhandi yaive nepamutemo muna 1958. Mushure megore rimwe, chishandiso chakatanga kuiswa pamotokari dzekugadzira.

Muna 1980, dhizaini yebhanhire yakavandudzwa zvakanyanya pamwe nekuisirwa tensioner iyo inopa yakanyanya kuomarara bhandi yakakodzera panguva yekurovera.

Maairbags akaonekwa mumotokari nguva yakazotevera. Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti patent yekutanga yechigadzirwa chakapihwa muna 1953, mota dzekugadzira dzakatanga kuve dzakashongedzwa nemapiro chete muna 1980 muUnited States. Pakutanga, airbags akaiswa chete kune mutyairi, uye gare gare - kumberi mutakurwi. Muna1994, mabheji emhepo akasangana akaunzwa mumotokari kekutanga.

Nhasi, mabhandi epachigaro uye maairbags anopa dziviriro huru kune vanhu vari mumotokari. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti ivo vanongoshanda chete kana bhandi rechigaro rasungwa. Zvikasadaro, iwo airbags akaendeswa anogona kukonzera kumwe kukuvara.

Mhando dzekurohwa

Zvinoenderana nehuwandu, inopfuura hafu (51,1%) yetsaona dzakakomba nevakakuvadzwa dzinoperekedzwa nekukanganisa kumberi kumberi kwemotokari. Panzvimbo yechipiri maererano ne frequency pane mativi zvinokanganisa (32%). Chekupedzisira, nhamba diki yetsaona inoitika nekuda kwekukanganisa kumashure kwemota (14,1%) kana rollovers (2,8%).

Zvichienderana nekutungamira kwekukanganisa, iyo SRS system inosarudza kuti ndeapi machira anofanirwa kumisikidzwa.

• Mukukanganisa kwepamberi, mabhandi epachigaro anotakurwa anotumirwa, pamwe chete nemutyairi uye mutyairi wepamberi maairbags (kana kukanganisa kwacho kusiri kukuru, iyo SRS sisitimu inogona kusamisa iyo airbag).
• Mukumberi-diagonal kukanganisa, chete vanonetsekana bhandi ndivo vanogona kuitiswa. Kana kukanganisa kwacho kwakanyanya, kumberi uye / kana musoro uye maairbags epadivi anoda kuiswa.
• Mukukanganisa kwerutivi, maairbags emusoro, maairbags epadivi uye vanokakavara vebhandi parutivi rwechisimba vanogona kuendeswa.
• Kana iko kukanganisa kuri kumashure kwemotokari, chigaro chebhande pretensioner uye bhatiri rinopwanya rinogona kukonzerwa.

Kufunga kwekukonzeresa kungochengetedza kwekuchengetedza zvinhu mumotokari zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi (kumanikidza uye kutungamira kwekukanganisa, kumhanyisa panguva yekurovera, nezvimwewo), pamwe nekugadzira uye modhi yemota.

Kudhirowa nguva dhizaini

Kubonderana kwemotokari kunoitika munguva pfupi. Semuenzaniso, mota inofamba nespidhi yemakiromita makumi mashanu nemashanu / h uye ichirovera nechipingamupinyi chakamira inomira zvakakwana mukati me56 milliseconds. Kuenzanisa, panguva imwecheteyo, munhu anogona kuwana nguva yekubwaira maziso. Hazvishamise kuti kana mutyairi kana ivo vafambi vachange vaine nguva yekutora chero chiito kuti vaone kuchengetedzeka kwavo panguva yekukanganisa. SRS inofanira kuvaitira izvi. Inoita kuti tensioner bhandi uye iyo airbag system.

Mukukanganisa kworutivi, iwo airbags epadivi anovhura kunyange nekukurumidza - musingapfuuri gumi neshanu ms. Iyo nharaunda iri pakati peyakaremara nzvimbo nemuviri wemunhu idiki kwazvo, saka kukanganiswa kwemutyairi kana mutyairi pamota yemota kunoitika munguva pfupi.

Kuchengetedza munhu kubva mukudzokororwa (semuenzaniso, kana mota ichidarika kana kumhanyisa mugoronga), maairbags epadivi anoramba akafutirwa kwenguva yakareba.

Impact sensors

Kuitwa kwesisitimu yese kunovimbiswa neanotyisa maseru. Midziyo iyi inoona kuti kubonderana kwakaitika uye inotumira chiratidzo kuchikamu chekudzora, icho chinomutsiridza maairbags.

Pakutanga, chete epamberi maitiro maseru akaiswa mumotokari. Nekudaro, sezvo mota padzakatanga kugadzirirwa nemamwe mapiro, huwandu hwema sensors hwakawedzerwawo.

Basa hombe remasaenzi ndere kuona kwayakatungamira uye nesimba remhedzisiro. Nekuda kwemidziyo iyi, kana paitika tsaona, chete maairbags anodiwa ndiwo achamiswa, uye kwete zvese zviri mumotokari.

Electromechanical mhando sensors ndeyechinyakare. Dhizaini yavo yakapusa asi yakavimbika. Izvo zvakakosha zvinhu ibhora nesimbi chitubu. Nekuda kweiyo inertia inomuka kubva mukukanganisa, bhora rinotwasuka chitubu, nekuvhara vanofambidzana, mushure mezvo iyo sensor yekuvhundutsa inotumira kurovera kuchikamu chekutonga.

Kuwedzera kuomarara kwechirimo hakutenderi kuti mashini akurumidzike panguva yekumhanyisa mabhureki kana kukanganisa zvishoma chipingamupinyi. Kana mota ichifamba yakaderera kumhanya (inosvika 20 km / h), inertia simba zvakare haina kukwana kuti itore chitubu.

Panzvimbo pemagetsi maseru emagetsi, mota zhinji dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yemagetsi - yekumhanyisa maseru.

Mumumiririri wakareruka, iyo yekumhanyisa sensor yakarongedzwa kunge capacitor. Mimwe yemahwendefa ayo akaomeswa akagadzika, nepo mamwe ari anotakurika uye anoita kunge seismic mass. Paunenge wabonderana, iyi mass inofamba, ichichinja iyo capacitance yeiyo capacitor. Ruzivo urwu rwakadzvanywa neiyo data kugadzirisa system, kutumira iyo yakagamuchirwa data kune iyo airbag yekudzivirira unit.

Kumhanyisa sensors inogona kukamurwa mumhando mbiri huru: capacitive uye piezoelectric. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinosanganisira chekuona chinhu uye yemagetsi dhizaini dhizaini iri mune imwe imba.

Hwaro hwemotokari yekungochengeteka sisitimu inoumbwa nemidziyo iyo yanga ichinyatso kuratidza kugona kwavo mumakore mazhinji. Kutenda kubasa rinogara riripo reinjiniya uye vagadziri, kugadzirisa masisitimu ekuchengetedza, vatyairi uye vanofamba vanokwanisa kudzivirira kukuvara kwakakomba panguva yetsaona.