Mhando, chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kwemota airbags
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvekudzivirira kumutyairi uye vafambi mumotokari mabhegi emhepo (Airbag). Kuvhura panguva yekukanganisa, vanodzivirira munhu kubva pakudhumhana nevhiri, dashboard, chigaro chepamberi, mbiru dzeparutivi uye dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri nemukati. Kubva zvakapinzwa maairbag mumotokari, vakakwanisa kuponesa hupenyu hwevanhu vakawanda vakaita tsaona. Nhoroondo yekusika Yekutanga prototypes yemazuva ano airbags yakaonekwa muna 1941, asi hondo yakakanganisa zvirongwa zvemainjiniya. Nyanzvi dzakadzokera mukugadzirwa kweairbag mushure mekupera kwekurwisana. Sezvineiwo, mainjiniya maviri akashanda mumakondinendi akasiyana zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe akabatanidzwa mukusikwa kweiyo airbags yekutanga. Saka, muna Nyamavhuvhu 18, 1953, American John ...
Chinangwa uye musimboti wekushanda kweye tensioner bhandi uye limiter
Kushandiswa kwebhandi rechigaro kunosungirwa kumutyairi wese nevatakuri vake. Kuita kuti bhanhire dhizaini rishande uye rive nyore, vagadziri vakagadzira michina yakadai se pretensioner uye limiter. Imwe neimwe inoita basa rayo, asi chinangwa chekushandisa kwavo chakafanana - kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwakanyanya kune munhu wega wega mukamuri yevatyairi yemotokari inofamba. Belt Pretensioner Chitsigiro chebhandi rechigaro (kana pretensioner) chinopa kugadzika kwakachengeteka kwemuviri wemunhu pachigaro, uye kana pakaitika tsaona, kudzivirira mutyairi kana mutyairi kuenda mberi maererano nekufamba kwemotokari. Ichi chiitiko chinowanikwa nekuda kwekuputika uye kusimba kusimba kwebhandi rechigaro. Vazhinji vatyairi vanovhiringidza pretensioner neyakajairwa inertial coil, iyo inosanganisirwa mukugadzirwa kwemabhandi echigaro. Nekudaro, iyo tensioner ine yayo chirongwa chekuita. Nekuda kwe activation ye pretensioner,...
Tsananguro uye mamiriro ebvunzo dzemotokari
Kuchengeteka ndeimwe yeakakosha ma parameter ayo vatengi vanoongorora pakusarudza mota. Kuongorora njodzi dzese uye kuvimbika kwemotokari, izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti crash test scores inoshandiswa. Miedzo inoitwa nevagadziri vese uye nyanzvi dzakazvimirira, izvo zvinobvumira kuongororwa kusingaite kwemhando yemotokari. Asi usati washandisa ruzivo, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise kuti ndedzipi bvunzo dzekuparara, ndiani anodziitisa, kuti mhedzisiro inoongororwa sei uye mamwe maitiro ekuita. Chii chinonzi tsaona yemotokari bvunzo Crash bvunzo kugadzira nemaune kwenjodzi uye kubonderana kweakasiyana madhigirii engozi (kuoma). Iyo nzira inoita kuti zvikwanise kuongorora kuchengetedzwa kwechimiro chemotokari, kuona kukanganisa kunooneka uye kuvandudza kushanda kwegadziriro yekudzivirira nenzira yekudzikisa njodzi yekukuvara kune vafambi nevatyairi kana tsaona. Iwo makuru akajairwa mhando dzekupunzika bvunzo (mhando dzekukanganisa): Musoro-pakudhumhana - mota pa ...
Maumbirwo uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo yekuchengetedza chengetedzo sisitimu SRS
Motokari haisi nzira yakajairika yekufambisa chete, asiwo inokonzera njodzi. Kuwedzera-kuwedzera kwenhamba yemotokari mumigwagwa yeRussia nepasirese, kukurumidza kuri kukura kunotungamira mukuwedzera kwetsaona. Nokudaro, basa revakagadziri nderekukudziridza kwete chete yakagadzikana, asiwo motokari yakachengeteka. Iyo passive kuchengetedza system inobatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Chii chinonzi passive kuchengetedza system inosanganisira Iyo passive kuchengetedza system yemotokari inosanganisira ese maturusi uye nzira dzakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza mutyairi nevafambi kubva mukukuvadzwa kwakanyanya panguva yetsaona. Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvehurongwa zvinosanganisira: mabhandi ezvigaro ane tensioners uye limiters; airbags; chimiro chemuviri chakachengeteka; vana zvinodzivisa; chimbichimbi bhatiri disconnect switch; active headrests; system…
Maitiro ekudzikira anobatsira system inoshanda
Vagadziri vemotokari vemazuva ano vari kuedza kusvika pakakwirira kuti vave nechokwadi chekuchengeteka kwemutyairi nevafambi. Nezvinangwa izvi, masisitimu akasiyana anopihwa kudzivirira kuitika kwemamiriro ekukurumidzira. Mumwe weava vabatsiri vevatyairi ndeye hill descent rubatsiro system, iyo inova nechokwadi chekumhanya kwakadzikama pasina kukwidza kune ngozi. Iyo DAC sisitimu: inodiwa nemutyairi wayo Zvinotendwa kuti iyo DAC (Downhill Assist Control) yekuchengetedza system pakudzika mugomo yakatanga kuunzwa nevainjiniya vemhando inozivikanwa yemotokari yeToyota. Chinangwa chikuru chekuvandudzwa kutsva chaiva chekupa motokari yakachengeteka inodzika kubva pamateru, kudzivirira kuitika kwekukurumidza kusingadiwi uye kudzora kuchengetedza kwekugara kwakachengeteka. Kazhinji, chidimbu cheChirungu DAC chinoshandiswa kuratidza basa rekufamba kwakachengeteka pamateru. Nekudaro, hapana kana imwe chete inogamuchirwa inogamuchirwa zita ...
Chii chinonzi ISOFIX chigaro chevana chekumisikidza system
Chero motokari yemazuva ano, kunyange mumiririri wekirasi yakawanda yebhajeti, inofanira kutanga yakachengeteka. Kuti vaite izvi, vanogadzira mota vanoshongedza ese mamodheru nemasisitimu akasiyana uye zvinhu zvinopa chengetedzo inoshanda uye inongoita kune vese vanofamba mucabin panguva yerwendo. Rondedzero yezvikamu zvakadaro inosanganisira airbags (verenga zvakawanda nezvemhando dzadzo uye kushanda pano), akasiyana masisitimu ekudzikamisa mota panguva yerwendo, zvichingodaro. Kazhinji pane vana pakati pevafambi mumotokari. Mitemo yenyika dzakawanda pasi pano inosungira vatyairi vedzimotokari kuti vagadzirire motokari dzavo zvigaro zvevana zvakakosha zvinovimbisa kuchengeteka kwevacheche. Chikonzero ndechekuti bhandi rechigaro mune yakajairwa vhezheni rakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa munhu mukuru, uye mucheche mune iyi kesi haana kana kuchengetedzwa, ...
Mhando uye maficha ekushandiswa kwemaitiro ekudzivirira kwevana
Kana mwana akaonekwa mumhuri, motokari inova mubatsiri anotonyanya kukosha. Basa guru revabereki nderekuona kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya kwemutyairi mudiki. Kudzivirira kwakakosha kwevana kuchabatsira mune izvi, izvo zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa nenzira kwayo zvichienderana nezera, uremu uye hunhu hwemunhu. Chii chinonzi DUU Kudzora kwemwana (DUU) imhando yese yemidziyo yakagadzirirwa kutakura zvakachengeteka kwemwana mumotokari. Zvichienderana nezera uye uremu hwemwana, marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekudzivirira vana anogona kushandiswa, kusanganisira: vatakuri vecheche; zvigaro zvemotokari; boosters; maadapter ebhandi rechigaro. Maererano nemutemo weRussia, michina yakadaro inofanira kushandiswa pakutakura vana kubva panguva yekuzvarwa kwavo uye kusvika kumakore gumi nemaviri. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehunhu hwemunhu hwekukura kwemwana, zvinokwanisika kushandisa DUU uye ...
Mhando uye musimboti wekushanda kwemotokari misoro
Imwe yedziviriro yekutanga yemotokari yakaunzwa neMercedes-Benz muna 1960. Pakutanga vakaiswa pakukumbira kwemutengi. Mukupera kwema60s, mota dzese dzeMercedes dzakagadzirwa nemusoro. Muna 1969, sangano rekuchengetedza NHTSA rakatendera kukosha kwechinhu chitsva uye yakakurudzira kuiswa kwayo kune vese vanogadzira mota. Ndeapi mabasa anoita headrest?Kuwedzera kwakadaro kune chigaro chemotokari chinhu chekuchengetedza, uye kwete chikamu chekureruka. Izvo zvese nezve maitiro emuviri wedu muchigaro chemotokari panguva yekukanganisa kumashure. Muviri unomhanyira kumashure, uye musoro unokandwa kumashure nesimba guru uye nekukurumidza zvishoma gare gare. Izvi zvinonzi "whip effect". Musoro wemusoro unomisa kufamba kwemusoro panguva yekukanganisa, kudzivirira zvinogona kuitika mutsipa uye kukuvara kwemusoro. Kunyangwe isina kusimba ...
Mabhanti echigaro chemota: kudzivirirwa kunoratidzwa kwemakumi emakore
Pasinei nehuwandu hwekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, mabhandi ezvigaro anoramba ari nzira huru yekudzivirira kwemutyairi nevafambi mumotokari. Nokugadzirisa nzvimbo yemuviri panguva yemigumisiro yakasimba, chigadzirwa ichi, chakapupurirwa kwemakumi emakore, chinobatsira kudzivisa kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinowanzosawirirana nehupenyu. Maererano nehuwandu, mu70% yezviitiko, vanhu vanogona kupona mutsaona dzakakomba nekuda kwemabhandi ezvigaro. Chokwadi kubva munhoroondo uye zvemazuva ano Zvinotendwa kuti bhandi rekutanga rakagadzirwa uye rakapihwa patent muna 1885 neAmerican Edward Claghorn. Pakutanga, mudziyo uyu waishandiswa kune vafambi vaifamba nengoro dzakavhurika. Gare gare, varairidzi vakatangawo kushandisa bhandi racho. Nekudaro, muindasitiri yemotokari, mabhandi ezvigaro akatanga kuoneka gare gare. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, vakaedza kuvasuma seimwe sarudzo, ...
Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweanofamba netsoka system
Gore negore, makumi ezviuru zvetsaona dzinosanganisira vanofamba netsoka dzinoitika mumigwagwa yeRussia. Tsaona dzakadai dzinoitika zvose kuburikidza nekukanganisa kwevatyairi uye nekuda kwekushaya hanya kwevanhu vanopinda mumugwagwa. Kuti kuderedze huwandu hwekukuvara kwakakomba mukudhumhana pakati pemotokari nemunhu, vagadziri vemotokari vakagadzira nzira yakakosha - hood inoshanda ine nzira yekudzivirira yevanofamba netsoka. Chii icho, isu tichataura mune yedu zvinyorwa. Chii chinonzi system Iyo yekufamba netsoka yekuchengetedza system yakatanga kuiswa pamotokari dzekugadzira muEurope muna 2011. Nhasi mudziyo unoshandiswa pamotokari zhinji dzeEurope neAmerica. Makambani makuru matatu ane chekuita nekugadzira michina: TRW Holdings Automotive (inogadzira chigadzirwa chinonzi Pedestrian Protection System, PPS). Bosch (inogadzira iyo Electronic Pedestrian Dziviriro, kana EPP) system. Siemens...