Chishandiso uye kushanda kweiyo rack "Volkswagen Polo" sedan, iyo huru kusashanda uye ita-iwe-iwe kugadzirisa.

Kutungamira kwakakodzera ndiyo kiyi yekufamba kwakachengeteka mune chero mota, kusanganisira Volkswagen Polo sedan. Kutadza kutungamirira rack ndiko kunokonzera tsaona dzakawanda dzemotokari (tsaona), saka vagadziri vemotokari vanobhadhara zvakanyanya kuvimbika kwechikamu ichi. Volkswagen Polo, yakagadziridzwa neGerman kunetseka VAG, inogadzirwa muRussia, panharaunda yeKaluga Automobile Plant. Iyo mota inonakidzwa nekuzivikanwa kwakakodzera pakati pevatyairi veRussia.

Magadzirirwo akaitwa uye anoshanda sei muVolkswagen Polo sedan

Chikamu chikuru chegadziriro inodzora motokari njanji inogadzirisa kutenderera kwemavhiri epamberi. Inowanikwa pane subframe, munzvimbo yekumberi kweaxle kumiswa. Iyo yekupedzisira chikamu cheiyo shaft yekutungamirira yekoramu, iyo iyo vhiri redhiraivha yakasungirirwa, inopinda mu salon. Iyo mbiru yekutungamirira inosanganisirawo: chinja chekudzima uye chibatiso chelever chinogadzirisa nzvimbo yayo maererano nemutyairi. Iyo column inovharwa necasing iri pazasi pe dashboard mucabin.

Chimiro cheiyo node inodzora mota inosanganisira zvinotevera zvakakosha zvikamu:

• mbiru yekudhiraivha ine vhiri;
• cardan shaft iyo iyo column yakabatanidzwa kune njanji;
• chidhiraivho chinodzora kutenderera kwemavhiri;
• yemagetsi amplifier ine control unit.

Iyo nguva yekutenderera kubva kudhiraivha inoendeswa kune rack-pinion inodzora kutenderera kwemavhiri.

Koramu yekutungamirira inofambisa simba rinotenderera kubva pachidhiraivho chemutyairi kuenda kushaft yepakati, ine majoini epasi rose kumagumo. Ichi chikamu chekutonga system chine zvikamu zvinotevera:

1. Upper uye pasi cardan shafts.
2. chepakati shaft.
3. Bracket inochengetedza koramu yekutungamirira kumuviri.
4. Mubato werevereri unodzora nzvimbo yembiru yekutungamirira.
5. Magetsi kukiya.
6. Iyo shaft yakasungirirwa vhiri.
7. Motokari yemagetsi ine gearbox.
8. Electric power steering control unit (ECU).

Yepakati cardan shaft inokubvumira kuti uchinje nzvimbo yechidhiraivho mucabin

Motokari yemagetsi ine giya bhokisi inogadzira imwe torque kune shaft yakasungirirwa vhiri. Iyo yemagetsi control unit inoongorora kumhanya kwemotokari, kona yevhiri redhiraivha, pamwe neruzivo kubva kune torque sensor yakagadziridzwa pachidhiraivho. Zvichienderana nemashoko aya, ECU inosarudza kuvhura motokari yemagetsi, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti mutyairi ashande. Chimiro chemutsetse wekutungamirira chinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotora simba zvinowedzera kuchengetedzwa kwemutyairi. Kune zvakare anti-kuba mudziyo unovharira shaft yekutungamirira.

Basa rinokosha mukushanda kwegadziriro inotambwa nekombiyuta. Iyo haingotaridzi kutungamira uye huwandu hwesimba rekuwedzera kune inotungamira torque, asi zvakare inoshuma zvikanganiso mukushanda kweiyo yese inotungamira system. Pakangoonekwa kusashanda zvakanaka, iyo control unit inoyeuka kodhi yayo uye inodzima magetsi emagetsi. Meseji isingashande inoonekwa pachiridzwa chinozivisa mutyairi.

Sarudzo yechinyakare yekumhanyisa rack imhaka yekuti iyo automaker VAG inoshandisa McPherson-mhando yekumiswa kwemberi-vhiri remota. Iyo michina iri nyore, ine nhamba shoma yezvikamu. Izvi zvinokonzera huremu hushoma hwenjanji. The steering mechanism ine zvinhu zvikuru zvinotevera:

1. Kudhonza muromo wevhiri rekuruboshwe.
2. Tsvimbo inodzora vhiri rekuruboshwe.
3. Anthers kudzivirira kubva kune tsvina.
4. Dhiraivha shaft negiya rehonye.
5. Imba inoita kunge crankcase.
6. Tsvimbo inodzora vhiri rekurudyi.
7. Kukweva muromo wevhiri rekurudyi.

Kururama kwekushandura mavhiri zvakananga kunoenderana nekushanda kwechigadzirwa ichi.

Chigadzirwa chacho chinoshanda sezvinotevera: rack-and-pinion iri mukati memuviri (5) ine tsvimbo dzakagadzika pamagumo anodzora mavhiri (2, 6). Iko kutenderera kubva pamutsetse wekutungamirira kunofambiswa kuburikidza nedhiraivha worm shaft (4). Ichiita shanduko yekushandura kubva pakutenderera kwegiya rehonye, ​​njanji inofambisa matanda paaxis yayo - kuruboshwe kana kurudyi. Kumacheto kwetsvimbo, kune matsimba ekudhonza (1, 7) ayo anopindirana kuburikidza nemajoini ebhora nemagumbo ekutungamirira ekumberi kweMcPherson. Kudzivirira guruva netsvina kupinda muchina, matanda akafukidzwa nemarara anthers (3). Iyo yekufambisa rack imba (5) yakasungirirwa kune yekumberi yekumisa muchinjikwa nhengo.

Iyo yekutungamirira unit yakagadzirirwa nguva yese yekushanda kweVolkswagen Polo sedan. Muchiitiko chekusashanda kana kushata kwehunyanzvi mamiriro asina kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza, zvikamu zvaro zvikuru zvinogona kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa.

Vhidhiyo: chishandiso uye mashandiro echinyakare chidhiraivho rack

Steering rack: mudziyo wayo uye kushanda.

Main steering malfunctions uye zviratidzo zvavo

Nokufamba kwenguva, chero michina inopera. Kutungamira hakuna musiyano. Chiyero chekupfeka chinokonzerwa nemamiriro emugwagwa wepamusoro munharaunda iyo motokari inoshandiswa. Kune dzimwe mota, matambudziko anoonekwa mushure mekutanga 10 zviuru zvemakiromita ekufamba. Vamwe vanosvika, pasina matambudziko mukutarisira, kusvika ku100 zviuru zvemakiromita. Pazasi pane runyorwa rwezvakajairwa Volkswagen Polo sedan malfunctions uye zviratidzo zvavo:

1. Chidhiraivho chakaoma. Inogona kukonzerwa nekusaenzana kwemavhiri emberi kana nemagetsi asina kunaka. Kujamba kwemahinji pamakumbo ekudhonza kunoitawo kuti zviome kutenderedza mavhiri. Iwo majoini ebhora ekumberi akaturika anogonawo wedge. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwakajairika kudhumhana kwekutakura kwedhiraivha shaft yechibatiso. Kana iyo tie tsvimbo bhutsu yakakuvadzwa, iyo ingress yekunyorova inotungamirira mukuora kwesimbi, zvichikonzera kufamba kwakanyanya kweiyo rack, pamwe nekupfeka kwekugadzirisa sleeve.
2. Chidhiraivho chinotenderera zvakasununguka. Kana mavhiri asingatendeuki, chidhiraivho chakashata. Kupfeka kwemagiya ereki uye honye yedhiraivha shaft inoda kumwe kugadziridzwa, uchishandisa bhaudhi rekugadzirisa, kana kutsiva zvikamu zvakasakara. Kupfeka pamahinji pamakumbo ekudhonza kunogonawo kuva chikonzero.
3. Kutamba kwechidhiraivho kwakanyanyisa. Izvi zvinoratidza kupfeka pazvikamu zvekutungamirira. Ikoko panogona kunge kune kutamba mumakadhi emakadhi emugodhi wepakati. Izvo zvinodiwawo kutarisa hinges yezvipfeko zvekudhonza zvekupfeka. Iyo bhora pin nuts inogona kusunungurwa panosangana rack nematanda ekutungamirira. Pane mukana wekupfeka honye ye rack drive shaft uye iyo mazino pamusoro pepinion shaft nekuda kwekushanda kwenguva refu kana kushaikwa kwehuwandu hwakakodzera hwekuzora.
4. Mitsindo yekuwedzera kubva padanho rekutungamirira paunenge uchityaira. Vanooneka pavanenge vachitenderedza mavhiri kana kutyaira mumugwagwa une dambudziko. Chikonzero chikuru kupfeka kusati kwasvika kwegwenzi rinogadzirisa giya shaft mudzimba padivi pevhiri rekurudyi. Panogona kunge paine mukaha mukuru pakati pekumira uye pinion shaft. Mukaha unobviswa nebhaudhi rekugadzirisa. Kana izvi zvisingabatsiri, zvikamu zvakasakara zvinotsiviwa nezvitsva.

Vhidhiyo: Steering Malfunction Diagnosis

Kuongororwa kwechidhiraivho rack kugogodza VW Polo Sedan

Ko chidhiraivho chinogona kugadziriswa here?

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, chigadziko chekufambisa hachigoni kuchinjwa, sezvo chinogona kugadziriswa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vatengesi vepamutemo havagadzirise njanji. Zvikamu kwavari hazvina kupihwa zvakasiyana, saka vatengesi vanoshandura iyi gungano zvachose. Mukuita, zvinoitika kuti kubereka kunosanganisirwa mudhizaini yedhiraivha shaft inogona kutsiviwa. Tenga bearing rine saizi yakafanana.

Sleeve inogadzirisa pinion shaft inogona kurongeka. Yakagadzirwa kubva kuPTFE. Kana iyo shaft yegiya yakasvibiswa, chikamu ichi chinogona kuvezwa nejecha. Kushanda kwakadaro kunofanira kuitwa, sezvo shaft ine ngura "inodya" sleeve yekugadzirisa, yakagadzirwa nechinhu chakapfava.

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuita kucheka mune sleeve kuitira kuti mweya upinde mudzimba

Self repair steering rack

Kana pane garaji rine gomba rekuona, flyover kana kusimudza, unogona kugadzirisa rack yekutungamirira nemaoko ako pachako. Iko kugogodza uye kutamba kwegiya shaft kunobviswa nekuisa bhushi nyowani, zviyero zvaro zvinoratidzwa pamusoro. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinetso zvinowanzoitika muVolkswagen Polo sedan. Kuti uite kugadzirisa kwakadaro, zvakakosha kukuya sleeve uye kuita zvidimbu mairi (ona mufananidzo).

Kuti ubvise uye kugadzirisa basa, iwe uchada chishandiso:

• zvipanera muhukuru 13, 16 uye 18, ine misoro yezvigadziko yehukuru hwakafanana;
• hexagon saizi 6 uye dodecahedron M10;
• makiyi e19 ne21, pamwe nemisoro ye14 ne32;
• wakazvigadzira musoro we36 (ona mufananidzo uri pazasi);
• mudziyo unobviswa wemahinji;
• mafuta enjanji - iwe unofanirwa kusarudza imwe isingaite liquefy pakupisa kwakanyanya;
• nyundo;
• mamvemve.

Basa iri rinoitwa muchidimbu chinotevera:

1. Motokari inoiswa paburi rekuona.
2. Iyo yepurasitiki casing yekoramu yekutungamirira inobviswa uye kapeti inotendeuka.
   

   Unoda kusunungura nati yepurasitiki inogadzirisa kapeti
3. Iyo cardan yepakati shaft yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune rack drive shaft.
   

   Kuti usunungure bhaudhi, unoda kiyi ye13 kana M10 dodecahedron.

4. Mota inoturikwa mativi ose kuitira kubvisa mavhiri emberi. Kuti uite izvi, kumira kunoiswa pasi pemuviri.

   

   Mavhiri anobviswa kuitira kuti chidhiraivho chibviswe.
5. Migumo yetsvimbo yekutungamirira yakadimburwa kubva pamakumbo ekutungamirira.
   

   Kubvisa, shandisa socket musoro 18
6. Iyo pombi yekupedza yemuffler inobviswa kubva pane yakawanda kuitira kuti isakuvadza muffler corrugation kana uchibvisa subframe kubva mumuviri.
   

   Kubvisa anoshandiswa: dodecahedron M10 uye musoro 16
7. Mabhaudhi maviri anochengetedza rack rack kune subframe haana kuvharwa, pamwe nemabhaudhi mana mumativi maviri, kuchengetedza subframe kumuviri.
   

   Kubvisa, misoro ye13, 16 uye 18 inoshandiswa
8. Mushure mekuvhara, iyo subframe inodzikira zvishoma. Iyo rack inobviswa kubva parutivi rwevhiri rerudyi. Mushure mekudhirowa, iwe unofanirwa kutsigira iyo subframe neimwe mhando yekumira kuitira kuti zvidhinha zvinyararire zvelevers zvisatakurwe.
   

   Iko kusimbiswa kunogara pasi pegomba rekuongorora
9. Iyo casing inobviswa, ichivhara drive shaft yeraki negiya rehonye.
   

   Bvisa guruva zvakanyatsonaka, yakasimba
10. Kora inorasa inobviswa kubva kune anther inovhara yekuruboshwe yekubatanidza hinge. Tsvimbo yekutungamirira inobviswa kubva papinion shaft.
    

    Boot diameter 52 mm
11. Iyo rack drive shaft inotendeuka inopesana newachi kusvika yamira. Muchiitiko ichi, pinion shaft inofanira kutamira kune yakanyanyisa nzvimbo yakarurama, ichinyura zvakanyanya sezvinobvira muimba iri kuruboshwe. Zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa kune shaft, kugadzirisa nut uye imba.
    

    Kana iwe ukasabvisa tambo yekusiya kuruboshwe, nzvimbo yemamaki ichave yakasiyana, saka reassembly inoitwa zvakare neruboshwe tie tsvimbo yakabviswa.
12. Iyo inogadzirisa nut haina kuvharwa, dhiraivha shaft inobviswa kubva paimba.
    

    Iyo nzungu inogadziriswa haina kuvharwa nemusoro pa36

    Musoro wekubvisa shaft unofanirwa kuitwa wakazvimirira kana kurairwa natenzi. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti dhayamita yedhiraivha shaft ndeye 18 mm (musoro unofanirwa kupfuura nawo), uye dhayamita rekunze remusoro harifanire kudarika 52 mm (inofanira kupfuura zvakasununguka mugomba reimba). Muchikamu chepamusoro chemusoro, kucheka kunofanira kuitwa kuitira kushandisa gasi wrench kuti usunungure.

    

    Iyo nati yekugadzirisa inobviswa zvakasimba, saka iwe unoda kucheka kwakanaka kwegasi wrench uye lever.
13. Mako anoiswa pabhaudhi rekugadzirisa kuti ridzorere panzvimbo yayo yepakutanga panguva yegungano. Bhaudhi harina kuvharwa uye pinion shaft inobviswa paimba. Pakarepo mushure meizvi, zviri nani kuisa dhiraivha shaft mudzimba. Izvi zvinoitwa kuitira kuti panguva yekuenderera mberi kwekufamba kweimba, tsono inotakura inogadzirisa chikamu chezasi che shaft haiputsika.
    

    Kuti ubvise giya shaft, zvakakwana kusunungura bhaudhi ne2 kutendeuka
14. Kubva padivi rekusundirwa kwerudyi, iwe unogona kuona rin'i inochengeta iyo inogadzirisa yakashandiswa bushing inowanikwa kuseri kwayo.
    

    Kuti ubvise bushing, unofanira kutanga wabvisa mhete yekuchengetedza

    Kuti ubvise mhete yekuchengetedza, bhari inotorwa, yakakotama uye yakarodzwa kune imwe mugumo. Inodonhedzwa nekurovera pabhari kubva kudivi rekuruboshwe.

    

    Kuti mhete irege kutenderera, inofanira kunyatsoshandurwa kutenderedza denderedzwa rose nekufambisa bhari
15. Kutevera chindori chekuchengetedza, bushing yekare inobviswa. A new bushing and retaining ring inodzvinyirirwa panzvimbo yayo.
16. Chamfer diki inobviswa kubva kuruboshwe rwegiya shaft kuitira kuti ipinde mugwenzi idzva pasina matambudziko.
    

    Iyo chamfer inogona kubviswa nefaira uye jecha neakanaka emery
17. Iyo pinion shaft yakanyatsopinzwa mugwenzi. Kana ikasashanda nekupusha nemaoko, unogona kushandisa sando, uchiibaya pashaft kuburikidza nedanda rehuni.
    

    Usati waisa shaft, bushing itsva inofanira kuputirwa nemafuta.
18. Zvikamu zvese zvakarungwa zvine rupo uye zvakaunganidzwa mune reverse order.

Mushure mekunge zvese zvaunganidzwa, unofanirwa kutarisa vhiri rekutenderera kuti rive nyore kutenderera uye kudzokera kunzvimbo yayo yekutanga. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuenda kuchiteshi chebasa uye kugadzirisa vhiri rekugadzirisa kuitira kuti motokari irege kukwevera padivi mumugwagwa uye matayi ari pamavhiri arege kupera nguva isati yakwana.

Vhidhiyo: kutsiva bushing muchitsiko chekufambisa "Volkswagen Polo" sedan

Polo sedan steering rack kugadzirisa

Vhidhiyo: matipi anobatsira ayo anouya anobatsira pakutsiva gwenzi muVolkswagen Polo sedan steering rack

yechipiri njanji kugadzirisa polo sedan

Sezvauri kuona, iwe unogona kunyange kugadzirisa chidhiraivho mugaraji. Ichokwadi, nokuda kweizvi unoda kuva nehumwe hunyanzvi hwekukiya uye chishandiso chakakodzera. Sezvinoratidza maitiro, bushings nyowani dzinokutendera kuti utyaire imwe 60-70 zviuru zvemakiromita nekutungamirira kwakanaka. Kugogodza pamapundu mumugwagwa anonyangarika, hapana backlash. Vatyairi vakawanda vanocherechedza kuti motokari inoita senge itsva.