Hungarian mauto ane zvombo muHondo Yenyika II

Zvikamu zve 1st Motorized Regiment ye 1st Panzer Division kuEastern Front; zhizha 1942

Pakati pevabatsiri veGerman vakarwa kuEastern Front panguva yeHondo Yenyika II, mauto eRoyal Hungarian - Magyar Királyi Homvédség (MKH) akaendesa boka guru remauto ane zvombo. Mukuwedzera, Humambo hweHungary hwaive neindasitiri yaigona kugadzira nekugadzira nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo (kunze kwekuti chete Humambo hweItaly hwaigona kuzviita).

Musi waChikumi 1920, 325, chibvumirano cherunyararo pakati peHungary nenyika dzeEntente chakasainwa paGrant Trianon Palace muVersailles. Mamiriro ezvinhu akataurwa neHungary akanga akaoma: nzvimbo yenyika yakaderera kubva ku93 kusvika ku21 zviuru km², uye vanhu kubva ku8 kusvika kumamiriyoni 35. Hungary yaifanira kubhadhara mari yehondo, vakarambidzwa kuchengetedza uto rinopfuura 1920. vanhu. maofficial nemasoja, vane mauto emuchadenga, mauto emugungwa neindasitiri yemauto, uye kunyange kuvaka njanji dzakawanda. Chinhu chekutanga chehurumende dzese dzeHungary chaive chekudzokorora zvisungo zvechibvumirano kana kuramba unilaterally. Kubva Gumiguru XNUMX, muzvikoro zvese, vadzidzi vanga vachinamata munamato wevanhu: Ndinotenda muna Mwari / ndinotenda muMotherland / ndinotenda muRuramisiro / ndinotenda mukumuka kweOld Hungary.

Kubva kumotokari dzine zvombo kusvika kumatangi - vanhu, zvirongwa uye michina

Chibvumirano cheTrianon chakabvumira mapurisa eHungary kuva nemotokari dzine zvombo. Muna 1922 pakanga pane gumi nevaviri. Muna 1928, mauto eHungary akatanga chirongwa chehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza zvombo nemidziyo yehondo, kusanganisira kuumbwa kwezvikwata zvehondo. Matanki matatu eBritish Carden-Lloyd Mk IV, matangi emagetsi mashanu eFiat 3000B, matanhatu eSweden m / 21-29 matangi emwenje uye mota dzakashongedzerwa dzakatengwa. Basa rekushongedza mauto eHungary nezvombo zvehondo rakatanga mukutanga kwema30, kunyangwe pakutanga vaingosanganisira kugadzirira kwemapurojekiti uye prototypes dzemotokari dzine zvombo.

Kuendeswa kwemotokari nyowani dzeCsaba dzakashongedzerwa kune iyo mutsara chikamu; 1940

Mapurojekiti maviri ekutanga akagadzirwa nainjiniya wekuHungary Miklós Strausler (aigara kuUK) nekutora chikamu cheWeiss Manfréd chirimwa muBudapest. Ivo vakagadzirwa pahwaro hweAlvis AC I uye AC II mota dzine zvombo. Ichishandisa mhedziso dzakatorwa kubva mukudzidza kwemotokari dzakatengwa kubva kuUK, mauto eHungary akaraira dzakagadziridzwa dzeAlvis AC II mota dzehondo, dzakasarudzwa 39M Csaba. Vakanga vakapakata 20 mm anti-tank pfuti uye 8 mm muchina pfuti. Boka rekutanga remotokari makumi matanhatu neimwe rakasiya nzvimbo dzekugadzira Weiss Manfréd mugore rimwe chete. Imwe batch yemotokari makumi matatu nembiri yakarairwa muna 61, gumi nemaviri aive muyero yekuraira, umo chombo chikuru chakatsiviwa nemaredhiyo maviri ane simba. Saka, Csaba armored motokari yakava yakajairwa midziyo yeHungarian reconnaissance units. Motokari dzakawanda dzerudzi urwu dzakapedzisira dzave mumapurisa. Zvisinei, akanga asiri kuzogumira ipapo.

Kubva pakutanga kwema30s, zvisungo zveTrianon Disarmament Treaty zvakange zvatofuratirwa pachena, uye muna 1934 30 L3/33 tankettes dzakatengwa kubva kuItaly, uye muna 1936 odha yakaiswa 110 tankettes mune itsva, yakavandudzwa shanduro yeL3. / 35. Nekutenga kwakazotevera, mauto eHungary akanga ane matanketeti akagadzirwa neItaly 151, ayo akagoverwa pakati pemakambani manomwe akagoverwa kuvarwi vanotasva mabhiza uye vane motokari. Muna 1934 imwechete, tangi yechiedza PzKpfw IA (nhamba yekunyoresa H-253) yakatengwa kubva kuGermany kuti iongororwe. Muna 1936, Hungary yakagamuchira chete Landsverk L-60 light tank kubva kuSweden kuti iedzwe. Muna 1937, hurumende yeHungary yakasarudza kufuratira zvachose chibvumirano chekubvisa zvombo uye kutanga chirongwa chekuwedzera nekuvandudza mauto e "Haba I". Akafunga, kunyanya, kuiswa kwemotokari itsva yezvombo uye kugadzirwa kwetangi. Muna 1937, chibvumirano chakasainwa pakutanga kwekuwanda kwekugadzira tangi muHungary pasi perezinesi reSweden.

Miedzo yeLandsverk L-60 light tank yakatengwa muSweden; 1936

Musi waKurume 5, 1938, mutungamiriri wehurumende yeHungary akazivisa chirongwa cheGyor, icho chaifungidzira kukura kwakakosha kweindasitiri yemauto epamba. Mukati memakore mashanu, chitsama chebhirioni imwe pengös (chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvina chebhajeti regore) chaifanira kushandiswa pamauto, ayo mamiriyoni 600 aizoshandiswa zvakananga nokuda kwokuwedzera kweuto reHungary. Izvi zvaireva kukurumidza kuwedzera nekuvandudzwa kwemauto. Hondo yaifanira kugamuchira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ndege, artillery, mauto eparachute, rwizi flotilla uye zvombo zvehondo. Midziyo iyi yaizogadzirwa munyika kana kutengwa nezvikwereti kubva kuGermany neItaly. Mugore rakagamuchirwa chirongwa ichi, mauto akasvika 85 vakuru nevarwi (muna 250 - 1928), basa remakore maviri rekumanikidza rakadzorerwa. Kana zvichidiwa, vanhu mazana maviri vaigona kuunganidzwa. vakadzidziswa reservists.

Miklos Strausler aivewo neruzivo rwekugadzira zvombo zvehondo, matangi ake eV-3 neV-4 akaedzwa mauto eHungary, asi akarasikirwa nematenda emota dzakatakura zvombo kuenda kuSweden tank L-60. Iyo yekupedzisira yakagadziridzwa nainjiniya weGerman Otto Marker uye yakaedzwa kubva munaChikumi 23 kusvika Chikunguru 1, 1938 kunzvimbo dzeHeymasker neVarpalota bvunzo. Mushure mekupera kwemiedzo, General Grenady-Novak akaronga kuita zvidimbu makumi matanhatu nemana kuti zvishongedze makambani mana, ayo aifanira kubatanidzwa kune maviri emota brigades uye maviri evatasvi vemabhiza. Zvichakadaro, tangi iyi yakabvumidzwa kugadzirwa se64M Toldi. Pamusangano waSeptember 38, 2 paWar Office nevamiriri veMAVAG neGanz, dzimwe shanduko dzakaitwa pakunyorwa kwekutanga. Zvakasarudzwa kugadzirira tangi ne 1938-mm 36M cannon (rezenisi Solothurn), iyo inogona kupfuta pamwero we20-15 kutenderera paminiti. A 20 mm Gebauer 34/37 pfuti yemuchina yakaiswa muhull.

Iyo prototype yekutanga yehondo tangi yeuto reHungary - Toldi; 1938

Nekuda kwekuti vaHungary vaive vasina ruzivo mukugadzira matangi, kondirakiti yekutanga ye80 Toldi mota yakanonoka. Zvimwe zvikamu zvaifanira kutengwa muSweden neGermany, kusanganisira. Bussing-MAG injini. Idzi injini dzakavakwa paMAVAG fekitori. Vakanga vakashongedzerwa nematangi makumi masere ekutanga eToldi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, michina yekutanga yerudzi urwu yakakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano muna Kurume 80. Matangi ane nhamba dzekunyoresa kubva paH-1940 kusvika paH-301 akasarudzwa seToldi I, ane nhamba dzekunyoresa kubva paH-380 kusvika H-381 uye saToldi II. . Iwo ekutanga 490 mayuniti akavakwa paMAVAG chirimwa, mamwe ese muGanz. Kuendeswa kwakabva muna Kubvumbi 40, 13 kusvika May 1940, 14. Panyaya yematangi eToldi II, mamiriro acho akafanana, motokari dzine nhamba dzekunyoresa kubva kuH-1941 kusvika kuH-381 dzakagadzirwa paMAVAG plant, uye kubva kuH- 422 kusvika H -424 muGantz.

Kurwa kwekutanga (1939-1941)

Kushandiswa kwokutanga kwezvombo zveHungary kwakaitika pashure peMusangano weMunich (September 29-30, 1938), umo Hungary yakapiwa rutivi rwokumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSlovakia - Transcarpathian Rus; 11 km² yenyika ine 085 zviuru zvevagari uye chikamu chekumaodzanyemba cheSlovakia ichangobva kuumbwa - 552 km² ye1700 zviuru zvevagari. Kugara kwenzvimbo iyi kwaisanganisira, kunyanya, 70nd motorized brigade ine platoon yemwenje matangi Fiat 2B uye makambani matatu e tankettes L3000 / 3, pamwe ne 35st uye 1nd mauto emabhiza, ane makambani mana e tankette L2 / 3. . Mauto ezvombo akatora chikamu mukushanda uku kubva 35 kusvika 17 March 23. Vatangi veHungary vakatambura kurasikirwa kwavo kwekutanga panguva yekurwiswa kwemhepo yeSlovak padhuze pedyo neLower Rybnitsa munaKurume 1939, apo Colonel Vilmos Orosvari kubva kuhondo yekucherekedza ye24nd motorized brigade akafa. Nhengo dzinoverengeka dzemauto ezvombo dzakapihwa, kusanganisira: cap. Tibot Karpathy, Lieutenant Laszlo Beldi uye Corp. Istvan Feher. Kuwirirana neGermany neItaly mukati meiyi nhambo yakava yakatanhamara zvikuru; nyika idzi padzaifarira vanhu vokuHungary, ndipo paiwedzerawo chido chavo.

Hungarian gendarme pane yakaputsika tangi reCzechoslovak LT-35; 1939

Kurume 1, 1940 Hungary yakaumba mauto matatu emumunda (1st, 2nd uye 3rd). Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chaiva nezvivako zvitatu. Boka rakazvimirira reCarpathian rakagadzirwawo. Pakazara, mauto eHungary aive ne12 zvitunha. Vanomwe vavo, pamwe chete nematunhu ezvitunha, vakagadzirwa munaNovember 1, 1938 kubva kumabrigade akasanganiswa; VIII Corps muTranscarpathian Rus, September 15, 1939; IX Corps muNorthern Transylvania (Transylvania) musi waSeptember 4, 1940. Mauto ane motokari uye anofambisa euto reHungary aisanganisira mauto mashanu: 1st uye 2nd brigades yemabhiza uye 1st uye 2nd motorized brigades yakaumbwa musi waOctober 1, 1938. , uye 1st Reserve Cavalry Brigade yakagadzirwa musi waMay 1, 1944. Imwe neimwe yemauto emabhiza aisanganisira kambani inodzora, battalion yebhiza, battalion yemotokari, mapoka maviri emidhudhudhu, kambani yetangi, kambani yemotokari dzine zvombo, battalion yekucherekedza mota, uye maviri kana matatu mabhomba ekucherekedza mabhomba (iyo battalion. yaisanganisira kambani yepfuti nemakambani matatu evatasvi vemabhiza). Motokari brigade yakanga ine chimiro chakafanana, asi panzvimbo yehussar regiment, yakanga ine matatu-battalion motorized rifle regiment.

Muna August 1940, vanhu vokuHungary vakapinda munharaunda yokuchamhembe kweTransylvania, yaitongwa neRomania. Ipapo hondo yakapotsa yatanga. Hungarian General Staff vakagadza zuva rekurwiswa kwaNyamavhuvhu 29, 1940. Nekudaro, maRomania panguva yekupedzisira akatendeukira kuGermany neItaly kuti vayananisire. VaHungary vakanga vari vakundi zvakare, uye vasina kudeurwa kweropa. Nharaunda ye43 km² ine vagari ve104 miriyoni yakatorwa kunyika yavo. Muna September 2,5, mauto eHungary akapinda muTransylvania, iyo yakabvumirwa nokurwisana. Vaisanganisira, kunyanya, 1940st uye 1nd Cavalry Brigades ine 2 Toldi matangi.

Iyo Hungarian armored unit, ine matangi eItaly L3 / 35, inosanganisirwa muTranscarpathian Rus; 1939

Murairo weHungary wakasvika pamhedziso yokuti chinhu chokutanga chakanga chiri chokushongedza mauto nezvombo zvehondo. Nokudaro, mabasa ose ane chokuita nekusimbiswa kwemauto ezvombo uye kurongwazve kweuto akawedzerwa. Toldi tanks dzaive dzatoshanda nemauto mana emabhiza. Kugadzirwa kwavo kwakatora nguva yakareba kupfuura yaitarisirwa. Kusvikira Gumiguru 1940, mabrigade mana aisanganisira kambani imwe chete ye18 Toldi matangi. Shanduko ye9 uye yechi11 yekuzvifambisa-yega mauto ehondo yakatanga, iyo yaizove hwaro hwekusikwa kwekutanga Hungarian armored brigade. Huwandu hwematangi emushandirapamwe hwakawedzerwawo kubva pa18 kusvika pamotokari makumi maviri nenhatu. Kurongeka kwematangi eToldi kwakawedzerwa nemamwe mayunitsi zana negumi. Dzaifanira kuvakwa pakati paMay 23 naDecember 110. Iyi yechipiri nhevedzano yainzi Toldi II uye yaisiyana neyakapfuura yakatevedzana kunyanya mukushandiswa kweHungarian zvikamu uye mbishi. Hungary yakasaina Chibvumirano cheVatatu (Germany, Italy neJapan) musi waGunyana 1941, 1942.

Mauto eHungary akatora chikamu mukurwisa kweGermany, Italy neBulgaria kurwisa Yugoslavia muna 1941. Hondo yechitatu (mukuru: General Elmer Nowak-Gordoni), iyo yaisanganisira IV Corps yeGeneral Laszlo Horvath uye First Corps yaGeneral Soltan Deklev, yakagoverwa kune zvinogumbura. Mauto eHungary akatumirawo Rapid Reaction Corps yakanga ichangobva kuumbwa (Mutungamiriri: General Beli Miklós-Dalnoki), iyo yaisanganisira mauto maviri ane mota uye mauto maviri emabhiza. High-speed mauniti akanga ari pakati pekuumbwa kwetangi itsva battalion (makambani maviri). Nekuda kwekunonoka kuunganidza uye kushaikwa kwezvombo, huwandu hwezvikwata hazvina kusvika panzvimbo dzadzo dzenguva dzose; semuenzaniso, 3nd motorized brigade yakashaikwa gumi Toldi matangi, 2 Chaba armored motokari, 10 midhudhudhu uye 8 dzimwe motokari. Matatu eaya mauto akaendeswa kunorwisa Yugoslavia; Iyo yekutanga uye yechipiri mota brigades (iyo yakazara makumi mashanu neina Toldi matangi) uye yechipiri yevatasvi vemabhiza brigade yaisanganisira mota yekucherekedza battalion nekambani ye tankettes L135 / 21/1 (2 mayunitsi), tangi kambani "Toldi" ( 54 pcs.) Uye mota ine zvombo zvekambani yemotokari Csaba. Mushandirapamwe weYugoslavia wa2 wakanga uri kutanga kwemotokari itsva dzine zvombo muuto reHungary. Mukati memushandirapamwe uyu, kurwisana kukuru kwekutanga kweuto reHungary kwakaitika.

MaCadets eHungarian Military Academy yeEmpress Louis (Magyar Királyi Hond Ludovika Akadémia) ari mukati mekutora mota nyowani dzine zvombo.

VaHungary vakarasikirwa nemotokari yavo yekutanga yezvombo muna Kubvumbi 11, 1941, iyo L3 / 35 wedge yakakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa nemugodhi, uye muna Kubvumbi 13 padyo neSenttamash (Srbobran) mota mbiri dzeChaba dzakabva kukambani yemotokari yehondo ye2nd Cavalry Brigade dzakaparadzwa. . Vakarwisa masvingo emunda wemuvengi pasina rubatsiro rwezvombo, uye muvengi 37-mm anti-tank pfuti akakurumidza kuvabudisa muhondo. Pakati pevarwi vatanhatu vakanga vafa pakanga pane lieutenant muduku. Laszlo Beldi. Pazuva rimwe chetero, motokari yechinomwe yezvombo yakafa zvakare, yakanga iri zvakare mutungamiriri wemotokari yeChaba, mukuru wemapurisa, Lieutenant Andor Alexei, akapfurwa pamberi pemukuru weYugoslavia akazvipa, akakwanisa kuviga pfuti. Musi waKubvumbi 13, mota yeCsaba yakashongedzerwa kubva kuhondo yekucherekedza ye1st motorized brigade yakabonderana nekoramu yeuto reYugoslavia pedyo neguta reDunagalosh (Glozhan) panguva yekutenderera. Vashandi vemotokari vakaputsa mbiru ndokutora vasungwa vakawanda.

Vafamba makiromita mashanu, boka rimwe chetero rakadhumhana neboka revavengi revatasvi vemabhasikoro, iro rakaparadzwawo. Mushure meimwe makiromita masere kumaodzanyemba kwePetrots (Bachki-Petrovac), muchengeti weimwe yeYugoslavia regiments akasangana. Vashandi vakazengurira kwechinguva. Moto mukuru wakazarurwa kubva ku5-mm cannon, uchiwisira pasi masoja evavengi. Pashure peawa yokutamburira, kuramba kwose kwakapera. Armored car commander, corporal. Janos Toth akapihwa menduru yemauto epamusoro-soro yeHungary - Menduru yeGoridhe yeUshingi. Uyu mukuru asina kutumwa akanga asiri iye ega akapinda munhoroondo yemauto ezvombo zveHungary nemavara egoridhe. Muna Kubvumbi 8, Kaputeni Geza Möszoli nePanzer Squadron Toldi yake vakatora mauto gumi nemana eYugoslavia pedyo neTitel. Kwemazuva maviri ekurwa neanodzokera kumashure echikamu cheYugoslavia (Kubvumbi 20-1500) munzvimbo yeguta rePetrets (Bachki-Petrovac), 14st motorized rifle brigade yakarasikirwa nevatanhatu vakaurayiwa uye makumi matatu nevaviri vakakuvara, kutora vasungwa zviuru zvitatu nemazana mashanu uye kuwana huwandu hukuru hwemidziyo uye zvinoshandiswa.

Kuuto reHungary, mushandirapamwe weYugoslavia wa1941 wakanga uri muedzo wokutanga wakakomba wezvombo zvakashongedzwa nezvombo, mwero wekudzidziswa kwevashandi nevatungamiriri vavo, uye kurongeka kwechigadziko chezvikamu zvinofamba. Musi waKubvumbi 15, mabrigade ane mota eRapid Corps akabatanidzwa kuboka reGerman rakashongedzerwa reGeneral von Kleist. Zvikwata zvakaparadzana zvakatanga kufamba nemuBarania vakananga kuSerbia. Zuva rakatevera vakayambuka Rwizi rweDrava ndokutora Esheki. Ipapo vakananga kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kunzvimbo iri pakati peDanube neSava river, vakananga kuBelgrade. VaHungary vakatora Viunkovci (Vinkovci) naŠabac. Pakasvika manheru emusi waApril 16, vakatorawo Valjevo (50 km mukatikati mendima yeSerbia). Musi waApril 17, kurwisa Yugoslavia kwakapera nekukanda mapfumo pasi. Nharaunda dzeBačka (Vojvodina), Baranya, pamwe chete neMedimuria nePrekumria, dzakabatanidzwa kuHungary; chete 11 km², ine 474 vagari (1% Hungarians). Vakakunda vakatumidza nzvimbo idzi "Recovered Southern Territories".

Iminiti yekuzorora kwevashandi veChaba armored mota panguva yeYugoslavia mushandirapamwe muna 1941.

Muchirimo cha1941, zvakaonekwa zvakajeka kuti kuchinjwa kweuto reHungary kwakanga kuchiunza migumisiro inooneka; yakanga yatova nenhamba yevarume 600 XNUMX. Vakuru nevarwi, zvisinei, havasati vakwanisa kuvandudza zvakanyanya mamiriro ezvombo, sekunge matura asina kuchengetedzwa, pakanga pasina ndege dzemazuva ano dzakakwana, anti-ndege uye anti-tank pfuti nematangi.

Kusvikira June 1941, uto Hungarian aiva 85 Toldi chiedza matangi mukugadzirira kurwa. Somugumisiro, mauto e9 uye 11 ehondo akaumbwa aiva nemakambani maviri ematangi, uyezve, akanga asina kukwana, sezvo paiva nemotokari 18 chete mukambani. Boka rega rega revarwi vemabhiza vaive nematangi masere eToldi. Kubva muna 1941, basa rekugadzira matangi rakawedzera, sezvo Hungary yakanga isingachafaniri kuunza chero zvikamu uye zvikamu. Zvisinei, panguva ino, mashoko anoparadzirwa akavharidzira zvikanganiso izvi nokudzidzisa varwi nevanhuwo zvavo, vachidana varwi veuto reHungary kuti “vakanakisisa munyika.” Muna 1938-1941 adm. Hort, nerutsigiro rwaHitler, akakwanisa kukurukurazve ganhuriro dzeChibvumirano cheTrianon pasina kurwa. Pashure pokukundwa kweCzechoslovakia nemaGermany, vaHungary vakatora kumaodzanyemba kweSlovakia neTranscarpathian Rus, uye gare gare kuchamhembe kweTransylvania. Mushure mekunge masimba eAxis arwisa Yugoslavia, vakatora chikamu cheBanat. VaHungary "vakasunungura" mamiriyoni maviri ehama dzavo, uye nharaunda yeumambo yakawedzera kusvika 2 zviuru. km². Mutengo weizvi unofanirwa kunge wakakwira - kubatanidzwa muhondo neUSSR.

Kudzidziswa kweiyo Hungarian armored unit mukubatana nevacheche; Tank Toldi mushanduro yemukuru, Chivabvu 1941.

Kupinda kuGehena - USSR (1941)

Hungary yakapinda muhondo yekurwisa USSR muna Chikumi 27, 1941, pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakasimba kweGerman uye mushure mekurwiswa kweSoviet panguva iyoyo yeHungary Kosice. Kusvika nhasi, hazvisati zvanyatsosimbiswa kuti ndeapi ndege dzakabhomba guta. Ichi chisarudzo chakasangana nerutsigiro rukuru kubva kuHungary. The Fast Corps (mukuru: General Bela Miklós) vakatora chikamu mukurwisana pamwe chete neWehrmacht sechikamu chezvikwata zvitatu zvine 60 L / 35 tankettes uye 81 Toldi matangi, ayo aive chikamu che1st motorized brigade (gen. Jeno) huru , 9th Tank Battalion), 2nd Motorized Brigade (General Janos Wörös, 11th Armored Battalion) uye 1st Cavalry Brigade (General Antal Wattay, 1st Armored Cavalry Battalion). Battalion yega yega yaive nemakambani matatu, huwandu hwemotokari makumi mashanu neina (54 L20 / 3 tankettes, 35 Toldi I matangi, kambani yemotokari yeCsaba armored uye mota mbiri dzekambani imwe neimwe yedzimbahwe - tankettes nematangi). Nekudaro, hafu yemidziyo yechikamu chemauto chevatasvi vemabhiza yaive L20 / 3 tankettes. Imwe neimwe kambani nhamba "35" yakaramba iri kumashure senzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Mauto ezvombo zveHungary kumabvazuva aisanganisira matangi makumi masere nerimwe, matangi makumi matanhatu nemotokari makumi mana nemasere. VaHungary vakanga vari pasi pemurairo weGermany Army Group South. Kurutivi rworudyi vakabatanidzwa ne1 Panzer Group, rechitanhatu nerechi81 mauto, uye kuruboshwe rworuboshwe nemauto eRomania echi60 nerechina neuto rechi48 reGermany.

Nimrodhi - pfuti yakanakisa inodzivirira ndege yeuto reHungary; 1941 (inoshandiswawo semuparadzi wetangi).

Kufora kweboka reCarpathian, iro raisanganisira Rapid Corps, kwakatanga musi waChikumi 28, 1941, pasina kumirira kupera kwekusungwa uye kusungwa kwezvikwata zvezvitunha zvakatanga kurwisana kudivi rekurudyi musi waChikunguru 1, 1941. Chinangwa chikuru. yeRapid Corps yaizotora Nadvortsa, Delatin, Kolomyia uye Snyatyn. 2nd motorized brigade akatora Delatin musi waJuly 2, uye pazuva rechipiri - Kolomyia uye Gorodenka. Basa rekutanga re 1st motorized rifle brigade raive kufukidza bapiro rekumaodzanyemba rechipiri mota pfuti brigade, iyo varwi vakarwa munzvimbo yeZalishchikov neGorodenka. Pamusana pekurwisana kuduku nevaSoviet, haana kupinda muhondo uye musi waJuly 2 akayambuka Dniester muZalishchyky pasina kurasikirwa kukuru. Zuva rakatevera, 7st Motorized Brigade yakatora musha weTluste paRwizi rwaSeret, uye musi waChikunguru 1 yakayambuka Rwizi Zbruch muSkala. Zuva iroro boka reCarpathian rakaparadzwa. Mukati memazuva gumi nemaviri kana kupfuura ekurwa, kutadza kwakawanda kwe "uto risingakundiki" kwakaratidzwa: yaive yakanyanya kunonoka uye iine zvinhu zvishoma uye hunyanzvi hwaro. MaGermany akasarudza kuti Fast Corps yaizoita dzimwe hondo. Kune rumwe rutivi, maHungarian infantry brigades akatumirwa kuchenesa mukati kubva kune zvakasara zvezvikwata zvevavengi zvakakundwa. VaHungary vakave zviri pamutemo chikamu che9th Army musi waChikunguru 17, 23.

Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, zvikwata zvepamusoro zve Fast Corps zvakakwanisa kutora matangi 10, pfuti gumi nembiri uye marori gumi nerimwe kubva kumuvengi kubva 12 kusvika 13 July. Manheru emusi waChikunguru 12, muzvikomo kumadokero kweFilyanovka, vashandi veToldi matangi kekutanga vakatambura zvakanyanya. Mota dzekambani yechitatu ye11th armored battalion kubva ku13st motorized rifle brigade yakasangana nekupikiswa kwakasimba kubva kuRed Army. Tangi yaCaptain. Tibor Karpathy akaparadzwa nepfuti inorwisa tank, mukuru wacho akakuvadzwa, uye vamwe vaviri vevashandi vakaurayiwa. Tangi yakapwanyika uye isina kufambiswa yemukuru wemauto yaive inoyedza uye iri nyore kunangwa. Mukuru wetangi rechipiri, Sgt. Pal Habhari akacherechedza mamiriro ezvinhu aya. Akakurumidza kufambisa rori yake pakati peSoviet cannon uye immobilized command tank. Vashandi vemotokari yake vakaedza kubvisa nzvimbo yekupfura ye anti-tank gun, asi zvakashaya basa. Chombo cheSoviet chakarovawo tangi yaSajeni. Habala. Vashandi vevatatu vakaurayiwa. Pamatangi matanhatu, imwe chete yakapona, Cpt. Karpaty. Pasinei nokurasikirwa uku, dzimwe motokari dzehondo dzakaparadza pfuti nhatu dze-anti-tank zuva iroro, dzichienderera mberi nekufamba kuenda kumabvazuva uye pakupedzisira dzichitora Filyanovka. Mushure mehondo iyi, kurasikirwa kwekambani ye3 kwakasvika 9% yematunhu - kusanganisira. Matangi masere akaurayiwa, matangi matanhatu eToldi akakuvadzwa.

Hungarian matangi kupinda rimwe remaguta USSR; July 1941

Kukanganisa kwedhizaini muToldi kwakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vakawanda kupfuura kurwa, uye kwaingova kutumirwa kwekutakura zvinhu zvakasara musi wa14 Chikunguru, pamwe nemamwe makanika, izvo zvakagadzirisa dambudziko racho zvishoma. Nhamburiko dzakaitwawo kugadzirisa kurasikirwa kwemidziyo. Pamwe chete nebato iri, matangi gumi nemana eToldi II, 14 Csaba armored mota uye 9 L5 / 3 tankettes akatumirwa (bato rakasvika chete Gumiguru 35, apo maRapid corps aive pedyo neKrivoy Rog muUkraine). Chitsitsinho chaicho cheAchilles chaive injini, zvekuti muna Nyamavhuvhu chete matangi 7 eToldi aive akasvinura. Kurasikirwa kwakakura nokukurumidza, uye uto reHungary rakanga risati ragadzirira ikoku. Kunyanguvezvo, mauto eHungary akapfuurira kufambira mberi kumabvazuva, zvikurukuru nemhaka yegadziriro yakanaka.

Motokari dzehondo dzeHungarian Operational Corps muUkraine; July 1941

Kwapera chinguva mauto e1st Motorized Brigade uye 1st Cavalry Brigade vakapihwa basa rekupwanya Stalin Line. Varwi ve1st motorized brigade muDunaevtsy ndivo vakatanga kurwisa, uye musi waChikunguru 19 vakakwanisa kuputsa nzvimbo dzakakomberedzwa munzvimbo yeBar. Panguva yehondo idzi, kusvika July 22, vakakuvadza kana kuparadza 21 Soviet matangi, 16 armored motokari uye pfuti 12. VaHungary vakabhadhara budiriro iyi nekurasikirwa kwe26 vakaurayiwa, makumi matanhatu vakakuvara uye gumi vakashaika, gumi neshanu mota dzakashongedzerwa dzakagamuchira kukuvadzwa kwakasiyana - zvinomwe zvegumi nemaviri Toldi zvakagadziriswa. Musi waChikunguru 60, chikwata chechipiri chepfuti chakaparadza 10 vavengi vane zvombo zvehondo, vakatora pfuti 15 uye vakadzinga kurwisa kwakasimba kweRed Army munzvimbo yeTulchin-Bratslav. Kekutanga kubva pakatanga mushandirapamwe, vatakuri vevashandi vemauto eHungary, vese vashandi vematangi eToldi nemotokari dzehondo dzeChaba, vakaparadza huwandu hukuru hwemotokari dzevavengi dzakashongedzerwa, kunyanya matangi akareruka nemotokari dzehondo. Izvo zvinofanirwa kubvumwa, zvisinei, kuti mazhinji acho akaparadzwa ne-anti-tank uye anti-ndege artillery moto. Pasinei nekubudirira kwekutanga, mauto ebrigade akanamatira mumatope makuru mumugwagwa unoenda Gordievka. Mukuwedzera, Red Army yakaenderera mberi nekurwisa. Tsigiro yeHungary yaifanirwa kupihwa nevatasvi vemabhiza veRomania kubva ku12rd Cavalry Division, asi vakangodzokera vachimanikidzwa nemuvengi. Hungarian 24nd motorized brigade yaive mudambudziko guru. Battalion yezvombo yakatanga kurwisa kurudyi, asi veSoviet havana kukanda mapfumo pasi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mutungamiriri wevanokurumidza mauto akatumira 2th armored battalion ye 24st motorized rifle brigade uye 8st varwi vemabhiza ehondo ye 3st vatasvi vemabhiza kuti vabatsire, vachirova kubva kumashure kuti vavhare 2nd motorized rifle brigade. Pakupedzisira, muna Chikunguru 11, vaHungary vakakwanisa kubvisa nzvimbo yemauto evavengi. Iyo counterattack yakabudirira, asi isina kurongeka, isina artillery uye kutsigira kwemhepo. Somugumisiro, vaHungary vakatambura kurasikirwa kukuru.

Pane imwe nzvimbo kuseri kweEastern Front muzhizha ra1941: tarakita yeKV-40 nemotokari yezvombo "Chaba".

Munguva yekurwa, 18 L3 / 35 tankettes kubva ku1 Cavalry Brigade yakarasika. Pakupedzisira, zvakasarudzwa kubvisa rudzi urwu rwemidziyo kubva kumberi. Gare gare matangi akashandiswa kudzidzisa mapurisa nemauto, uye muna 1942 mamwe acho akatengeswa kuuto reCroatia. Pakazopera mwedzi, nzvimbo dzekurwa dzemabattalion etangi dzakaderedzwa kusvika pakukura kwekambani. The 2nd motorized brigade chete yakarasikirwa ne22 yakaurayiwa, 29 yakakuvadzwa, 104 yakashaika uye 301 matangi akaparadzwa kana kukuvara pakati pe10 ne32 July. Muhondo dzeGordievka, mukuru wemauto ehondo akarasikirwa zvakanyanya - mauto mashanu akafa (pavasere vakafa mumushandirapamwe weRussia wa1941). Hondo dzinotyisa dzeGordievka dzinoratidzwa nenyaya yekuti Lieutenant Ferenc Antalfi kubva kuhondo yechigumi neimwe yetangi vakaurayiwa mukurwisana kwemaoko. Akafawo, pakati pevamwe Refutenendi Wechipiri András Sötöri naLieutenant Alfred Söke.

Pana August 5, 1941, vanhu vokuHungary vakanga vachine matangi 43 eToldi akagadzirira kurwa, mamwe 14 akadhonzwa pamakaravhani, 14 aiva muzvitoro zvinogadziridza, uye 24 akaparadzwa zvachose. Pamotokari dzine zvombo 57 dzeCsaba, 20 chete ndidzo dzaishanda, 13 dzakanga dzichigadziridzwa, uye 20 dzakadzorerwa kuPoland kunogadziridzwa. Motokari ina chete dzeCsaba dzakaparadzwa zvachose. Mangwanani eAugust 6, kumaodzanyemba kweUmania, motokari mbiri dzeChaba dzakatakura zvombo kubva ku1 Cavalry Brigade dzakatumirwa kuti dzivezve ruzivo munharaunda yeGolovanevsk. Kurinda kwakafanana pasi pekuraira kwaLaszlo Meres kwaive kudzidza mamiriro munzvimbo iyi. Murairo weHigh Speed ​​​​Corps waiziva kuti mapoka asingaverengeke emasoja eSoviet aiedza kupaza nepakati penzvimbo iyi. Panzira inoenda kuGolovanevsk, motokari dzehondo dzakatarisana nemauto maviri emabhiza, asi mativi ose maviri haana kuzivana.

Kuendesa mudzimba kwematangi matsva eToldi (kumberi) uye Csaba mota dzakashongedzerwa kune zvinodiwa zvemberi; 1941

Pakutanga, vaHungary vaidavira kuti ava vaiva vatasvi vemabhiza vokuRomania, uye vatasvi vemabhiza vakanga vasingazivi rudzi rwemotokari yezvombo. Vari pedyo chete ndipo pavakanzwa vashandi vemotokari dzeHungary kuti vatasvi vaitaura chiRussian uye kuti nyeredzi tsvuku dzaionekwa pamakepisi adzo. Chaba akabva avhura moto wakanyanya. Vatasvi vemabhiza vashoma kubva kumapoka maviri eCossack vakapona. Motokari dzose dziri mbiri dzakashongedzerwa nezvombo, dzichienda navasungwa vaviri vehondo, dzakaenda kuchikamu chaiva pedyo zvikuru, icho chakanga chiri chikamu chokugovera chokuGermany. Vasungwa vakasiiwa imomo kusvikira vabvunzurudzwa. Zvaiva pachena kuti zvakanga zvakarurama kufunga kuti mamwe mauto eSoviet aida kupaza munzvimbo imwe chete iyo varwi veHungary vakarova vatasvi vemabhiza.

VaHungary vakadzokera kunzvimbo imwe cheteyo. Zvakare, Horus Meresh nevari pasi pake vakawana marori makumi maviri ane mauto eRed Army. Kubva kure 20-30 m, vaHungary vakavhura moto. Rori yekutanga yakatsva mugomba. Koramu yevavengi yakashamiswa. Iyo yeHungarian patrol yakaparadza zvachose mbiru yose, ichikonzera kurasikirwa kunorwadza kuvarwi veRed Army vaifamba nayo. Vakapukunyuka pamoto unouraya uye vamwe varume veRed Army, vachiswedera kubva kune imwe nzira iyo hondo yaienderera mberi, vakaedza kupaza mberi nemugwagwa mukuru, asi vakadziviswa nemotokari mbiri dzeHungary. Nenguva isipi matangi maviri evavengi akaonekwa mumugwagwa, zvichida T-40s. Vashandi vemotokari mbiri dzeHungary vakachinja zvombo uye vakachinja 26-mm cannon kuti ipfure pamotokari dzine zvombo. Hondo yacho yairatidzika isina kuenzana, asi mushure mekurova kwakawanda, rimwe rematangi eSoviet rakamhanya kubva mumugwagwa, uye vashandi varo vakarisiya ndokutiza. Mota yakanzi yakaparadzwa paaccount yaCorporal Meresh. Munguva yekutsinhana kwemoto uku, motokari yake yakakuvadzwa, uye chidimbu chepurojekiti yakadzingwa kubva ku20-mm T-45 cannon yakakuvadza nhengo yevashandi yakakotama mumusoro. Mukuru wacho akasarudza kudzoka, achiendesa vakanga vakuvara kuchipatara. Zvinoshamisa kuti yechipiri Soviet tank zvakare yakadzokera shure.

Hungarian matangi "Toldi" muna USSR; zhizha 1941

Yechipiri Chaba motokari yezvombo yakaramba iri munhandare yehondo uye yakaramba ichipfuta kune mauto eRed Army aiswedera, achidzorera kumwe kurwiswa kwavo kweushingi, kusvikira varwi veHungary vasvika. Zuva iroro, muhondo yemaawa matatu, vashandi vemotokari dzose dzeCsaba dzine zvombo dzakapfura 12 000mm kutenderera uye 8 720mm kutenderera. Ensign Meres akakwidziridzwa kuita junior lieutenant uye akapihwa Gold Officer Menduru nekuda kwekushinga. Akanga ari mukuru wechitatu muuto reHungary kugamuchira uku kukudzwa kukuru. Mukuru wemotokari yechipiri yaChaba, Sgt. Laszlo Chernitsky, zvakare, akapihwa Big Silver Menduru nekuda kwehushingi.

Kubva pamakore gumi echipiri aChikunguru 1941, varwi veHigh-Speed ​​​​Corps chete vakarwa kumberi. Pavakapinda mukati muUSSR, vatungamiri veHungary vakagadzira nzira itsva yehondo, iyo yakavabatsira zvikuru kurwisa muvengi. Kufamba kwezvikwata zvinomhanya-mhanya kwakaitika mumigwagwa mikuru. Mabrigade ane mota akafamba nenzira dzakasiyana dzakafanana, vatasvi vemabhiza vakaunzwa pakati pavo. Kusundirwa kwekutanga kwebrigade kwaive bhetareti yekucherekedza, yakasimbiswa neplatoon yematangi akareruka uye 40 mm anti-ndege pfuti, inotsigirwa neplatoon yemasappers, vatongi vemigwagwa, mabhatiri ezvombo uye kambani yepfuti. Kukandwa kwechipiri kwaiva bhomba repfuti; chete mune yechitatu mauto makuru ebrigade akafamba.

Zvikamu zveRapid Corps zvakarwa pachikamu chekumaodzanyemba chemberi kubva kuNikolaevka kuburikidza neIsyum kusvika kuRwizi rweDonetsk. Pakupera kwaGunyana 1941, battalion imwe neimwe yezvombo yaive nekambani imwe chete yeToldi tank, mota 35-40. Naizvozvo, mota dzese dzinoshandiswa dzakaunganidzwa mune rimwe battalion yezvombo, iyo yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwekutanga mauto evatasvi vemabhiza. Zvikamu zvemabhuredhi ane mota zvaifanira kushandurwa kuita mapoka ehondo. Musi waNovember 1, zvitunha zveamburenzi zvakadzoserwa kuHungary, kwayakasvika muna Ndira 15, 5. Nekutora chikamu muOperation Barbarossa, maHungary akabhadhara nekurasikirwa kwevanhu 1942, ese L4400 tankettes uye 3% yeToldi matangi, kubva makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu kutora chikamu mumushandirapamwe weRussia muna 80: mota makumi maviri neshanu dzakaparadzwa muhondo, uye makumi matanhatu neshanu dzaive dzisina kurongeka. kukundikana. Nokufamba kwenguva, vose vakadzorerwa kubasa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muna Ndira 95, Hondo yechipiri chete yevatasvi vemabhiza yaive nenhamba yakakura yematangi anogona kushanda (gumi nerimwe).

Maitiro akanakisa, zvishandiso zvitsva uye kurongazve

Pakupera kwa1941, zvakava pachena kuti tangi yeToldi yakanga isingashandiswi zvishoma panhandare yehondo, kunze kwekuda kwemamishinari ekuziva. Nhumbi dzezvombo dzakanyanya kutetepa uye chero muvengi wekurwisa tanki zvombo, kusanganisira 14,5 mm anti-tank pfuti, yaigona kumubvisa muhondo, uye pfuti yake yakanga isina kukwana kunyangwe kurwisa mota dzevavengi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mauto eHungary aida tangi itsva yepakati. Yakakurudzirwa kugadzira mota yeToldi III, ine 40 mm yezvombo uye 40 mm anti-tank pfuti. Nekudaro, iyo yemazuva ano yakanonoka uye muna 12 chete 1943 matangi matsva akaunzwa! Panguva iyoyo, chikamu cheToldi II chakavakwazve kune chiyero cheToldi IIa - pfuti ye40 mm yakashandiswa uye zvombo zvakasimbiswa nekuwedzera mahwendefa ezvombo.

Matangi akaparadzwa uye akakuvadzwa eFast Corps akamirira kutumirwa kumiti inogadzirisa nyika; 1941

Kugadzirwa kwe40M Nimrod self-propelled pfuti zvakare yakawedzera moto weHungarian armored units. Dhizaini iyi yaive yakavakirwa pane yakavandudzwa, hombe chassis yetangi L-60, iyo Landsverk L-62. A 40-mm Bofors anti-ndege pfuti, yakatogadzirwa muHungary, yakaiswa pachikuva chezvombo. Mauto akaraira prototype muna 1938. Mushure mekuedza nekuvandudza, kusanganisira. chikepe chikuru chine zvombo zvakakwana, odha yakaiswa muna Gumiguru 1941 ye26 Nimrod anozvirova pfuti. Yakanga yakarongwa kuvashandura kuva vaparadzi vetangi, nebasa rechipiri rekuitisa kudzivirira kwemhepo. Kurongeka kwakazowedzerwa uye muna 1944 pfuti dzaNimrod dzakanga dzagadzirwa.

Yekutanga 46 Nimrod pfuti dzakazvifambisa dzakasiya fekitori yeMAVAG muna 1940. Mamwe 89 akaodha muna 1941. Batch rekutanga raive nemainjini eGerman Büssing, yechipiri yaitove nemagetsi akagadzirwa neHungary paGanz plant. Dzimwe shanduro mbiri dzepfuti yaNimrodhi dzakagadzirirwawo: Lehel S - mota yekurapa uye Lehel Á - muchina wemasappers. Zvisinei, havana kupinda mukugadzirwa.

Tangi yepakati yeuto reHungary yakagadziriswa kubva 1939. Panguva iyoyo, makambani maviri eCzech, CKD (Ceskomoravska Kolben Danek, Prague) uye Skoda, vakakumbirwa kugadzirira muenzaniso wakakodzera. Hondo yeCzechoslovakia yakasarudza chirongwa cheCKD V-8-H, icho chakagamuchira zita rekuti ST-39, asi kutorwa kwenyika kweGerman kwakamisa chirongwa ichi. Skoda, zvakare, yakaratidza chirongwa cheS-IIa tank (muS-IIc version yevaHungary), iyo yakazogamuchira zita T-21, uye mukupedzisira shanduro - T-22. MunaAugust 1940, mauto eHungary akasarudza shanduro yakagadziridzwa yeT-22 ine vashandi vevatatu uye injini ine simba guru re 260 hp. (naWeiss Manfred). Iyo yekutanga vhezheni yemhando nyowani yetangi reHungary yakasarudzwa 40M Turan I. Hungary yakagamuchira rezenisi rekugadzira Czech A17 40mm anti-tank pfuti, asi yakagadziridzwa pfuti dze40mm Bofors pfuti, sezvo dzakatogadzirwa mukati. Hangari.

Kugadziriswa kweTangi yeHungary PzKpfw 38 (t) ye1st squadron ye1st armored Division; zhizha ra1942

Iyo prototype tangi "Turan" yakagadzirira muna Nyamavhuvhu 1941. Yaive yakajairwa dhizaini yekuEurope yekupera kwe30s zvese maererano nezvezvombo uye firepower. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vaHungary, apo tangi yakapinda muhondo muUkraine uye yakadzika muU.SSR, yakanga yatove yakaderera kune motokari dzehondo dzevavengi, kunyanya T-34 uye KW matangi. Nekudaro, panguva imwecheteyo, mushure mekuchinja kudiki, serial kugadzirwa kweTuran I kwakatanga, iyo yakakamurwa pakati peWeiss Manfred, Ganz, MVG (Györ) uye MAVAG mafekitori. Kurongeka kwekutanga kwaiva kwematangi e190, zvino munaNovember 1941 nhamba yavo yakawedzerwa kusvika 230, uye muna 1942 kusvika 254. Pakazosvika 1944, 285 matangi eTuran akanga agadzirwa. Chiitiko chehondo cheEastern Front chakaratidza nokukurumidza kuti pfuti ye40-mm yakanga isina kukwana, saka matangi eTuran akashongedzerwa zvakare nepfuti ye75-mm pfupi-barreled, kugadzirwa kwayo kwakatanga pakarepo muna 1941. Mienzaniso yakapedzwa yematangi yakanga yakashongedzerwa neizvi muna 1942. Pamusana pekuti hondo yeHungary yakanga isina pfuti yemhando huru, matangi aya akarongedzerwa seanorema. Vakakurumidza kuva chikamu che 1st uye 2nd Panzer Divisions uye 1st Cavalry Division (1942-1943). Motokari iyi yakanga ine mamwe magadzirirwo.

Hungarian PzKpfw IV Ausf. F1 (iyi vhezheni yakaratidza 75 mm pfupi-barreled pfuti) kunanga kuna Don; zhizha ra1942

Imwe yeakakurumbira yaive 41M Turan II. Tangi iyi yaifanirwa kunge iri analogue yeHungary yeGerman PzKpfw III uye PzKpfw IV. Iyo 41 mm M75 pfuti yakagadzirwa neMAVAG yakavakirwa pa18 mm 76,5M Bohler pfuti yemumunda, asi caliber yayo yakagadziridzwa uye yakagadziridzwa kuti ikwire patangi. Pasinei nokuti basa rose rekuvandudza rakatanga muna 1941, matangi ekutanga eTuran II akasvika muzvikamu chete muna May 1943. Motokari iyi yaiva 322 zvidimbu. Zvisinei, kusvikira 139 chete 1944 Turan II matangi akabudiswa.

Zviitiko zvinorwadza zvemwedzi yekutanga yekurwa kumberi zvakakonzerawo shanduko mumagadzirirwo ematangi eToldi. 80 mienzaniso (40 Toldi I: H-341 kusvika H-380; 40 Toldi II: H-451 kusvika H-490) akavakwa patsva paGantz. Vakanga vakagadzirirwa 25mm L/40 cannon (yakafanana neStraussler V-4 project). Matangi eTuran I akaiswa 42mm MAVAG 40M cannon, yaive yakapfupikiswa ye41mm 51M L/40 cannon. Vakashandisa pfuti dzeBofors dzinorwisa ndege dzaishandiswa mupfuti dzeNimrod. Pakupera kwa1942, fekitori yeGanz yakasarudza kuvaka shanduro itsva yetangi yeToldi ine zvombo zvakakura uye pfuti ye42mm 40M kubva kumatangi eToldi II. Zvisinei, chisarudzo chakatorwa muna Kubvumbi 1943 kugadzira Turan II uye Zriny pfuti dzinozvifambisa dzakatungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti gumi nemaviri Toldi IIIs akagadzirwa pakati pa1943 na1944 (kubva paH-491 kusvika kuH-502). Muna 1943, mafekitori mamwe chete eGantz akashandura mapfumbamwe Toldi Is kuita mota dzekutakura dzevacheche. Iyi nzira haina kunyatsobudirira, saka mota idzi dzakavakwa zvakare, panguva ino mumaamburenzi ane zvombo (kusanganisira H-318, 347, 356 uye 358). Kuedza zvakare kuwedzera hupenyu hwemotokari dzeToldi kuburikidza nekuedza kugadzira vaparadza matangi kubva mavari. Zviitiko izvi zvakaitika muna 1943-1944. Nokuda kweizvi, pfuti dzeGermany 40-mm Pak 75 dzakaiswa, dzichifukidza mahwendefa ezvombo kubva kumativi matatu. Zvisinei, pfungwa iyi yakazoregwa.

Węgierska 1. DPanc inoenda kumabvazuva (1942-1943)

MaGermany akafadzwa nekurwa kwekukosha kwematangi eHungary uye akatenda zvikuru kubatana nevakuru vakuru nevarwi vezvitunha zvinokurumidza. Saka hazvishamise kuti pa adm. Horta uye murairo weHungary kutumira kumberi chikwata chezvombo chakabviswa kubva kuRapid Corps, iyo maGermany akanga atoita nayo. Ipo basa rakanga richienderera mberi patangi idzva repakati, murairo wakaronga kuita chirongwa chekugadzirisazve uto reHungary kuitira kuti rigadzirise zviri nani kune zvinodiwa neEastern Front. Hub II chirongwa chakadaidzira kuumbwa kwezvikamu zviviri zvezvombo zvichibva pamabrigedhi aivepo ane mota. Tichifunga kunonoka kugadzirwa kwematangi, murairo wakaziva kuti vakamanikidzwa kushandisa mota dzekunze dzakashongedzwa kuti dziite izvo zvakakosha zvechirongwa muna 1942. Mari, zvisinei, yakanga ichishaikwa, saka zvakasarudzwa kuti 1st Panzer Division ichaumbwa uchishandisa matangi kubva kuGermany uye 2 Panzer Division vachishandisa matangi eHungary (Turan) nokukurumidza apo nhamba dzavo dzaivepo.

MaGermany akatengesa 102 PzKpfw matangi emwenje kuHungary. 38(t) mushanduro mbiri: F naG (inozivikanwa seT-38 mubasa reHungary). Vakanunurwa kubva muna Mbudzi 1941 kusvika Kurume 1942. MaGerman akaunzawo 22 PzKpfw. IV D uye F1 ine 75 mm pfupi-barreled pfuti (heavy tanks). Mukuwedzera, 8 PzBefWg I command matangi akaunzwa. Muchirimo cha1942, 1st Panzer Division pakupedzisira yakaumbwa pahwaro hwe1st Motorized Brigade. Chikamu chakanga chagadzirira kurwa musi waMarch 24, 1942, chinangwa cheEastern Front. Chikamu ichi chaive nezvombo 89 PzKpfw 38(t) uye 22 PzKpfw IV F1. VaHungary vakabhadhara 80 miriyoni pengő yemotokari idzi. MaAllies akadzidzisawo vashandi vechikamu ichi paChikoro cheMasoja muWünsdorf. Matangi matsva akapinda sevhisi neiyo 30th Tank Regiment. Imwe neimwe yemauto ayo maviri ehondo aive nemakambani maviri epakati matangi ane Toldi matangi (1st, 2nd, 4th uye 5th) uye kambani yeanorema matangi (3rd uye 6th), ane mota "Turan". Boka rekutanga reconnaissance battalion raive rine matangi gumi nemana eToldi nemotokari dzeChaba, uye 1st tank muparadzi division (14st motorized armored artillery division) yaive ine 51 Nimrod self-propelled pfuti uye 51 Toldi matangi. Panzvimbo yeHigh-Speed ​​​​Corps, muna Gumiguru 18, 5, iyo 1st Tank Corps yakagadzirwa, ine zvikamu zvitatu; 1942st uye 1nd Panzer Divisheni, ese ari maviri akazara mota uye akabatanidzwa kune zvitunha zve1 Cavalry Division (kubvira Gunyana 2 - iyo 1st Hussar Division), iyo yaisanganisira tangi bhetari yemakambani mana. The Corps haina kumbobvira yaita se compact formation.

PzKpfw 38 (t) - mufananidzo wakatorwa muchirimo cha1942, tangi isati yatumirwa kuEastern Front.

Iyo 1st Panzer Division yakabuda kubva kuHungary munaChikumi 19, 1942 uye yakaiswa pasi pe2nd Hungarian Army kuEastern Front, iyo yaisanganisira mapfumbamwe evacheche. Mamwe maviri ezvombo zvehondo, 101st uye 102nd makambani matangi, akaendeswawo kumberi, iyo yakatsigira zviito zvekurwisa-partisan zvezvikamu zveHungary muUkraine. Yokutanga yakanga ine matangi eFrance: 15 Hotchkiss H-35 uye H39 uye vatungamiri vaviri veSomua S-35, yechipiri - ine matangi emagetsi eHungary nemotokari dzehondo.

Mauniti eHungary aive kuruboshwe kuruboshwe rwevaGerman vachifambira mberi paStalingrad. The 1st Panzer Division yakatanga nzira yaro yekurwa nekukakavadzana neRed Army paDon musi waChikunguru 18, 1942 pedyo neUriv. The Hungarian 5th Light Division yakarwisana nezvikamu zve 24th Panzer Corps, iyo yakapiwa basa rekudzivirira kuruboshwe rutsoka paDon. Panguva iyoyo, matangi matatu eToldi akanga asara akanga adzorerwa kuHungary. Matangi eHungary akapinda muhondo mambakwedza musi wa18 Chikunguru. Maminitsi mashomanana mushure mokunge yatanga, Lieutenant Albert Kovacs, mutungamiriri weplatoon we3rd kambani yematangi anorema, Captain V. Laszlo Maclarego akaparadza T-34. Sezvo hondo yakatanga nemoyo wose, imwe T-34 yakawirwa neHungarians. Izvo zvakakurumidza kuve pachena kuti M3 Stuart light tanks (kubva kuUS yekukweretesa-yekurejesa zvinhu) yaive nyore zvinangwa.

Ensign Janos Vercheg, mutori wenhau wehondo uyo aiva mumwe wevashandi vePzKpfw 38(t), akanyora mushure mehondo: ... tangi yeSoviet yakaonekwa pamberi pedu ... Yaiva tangi yepakati [M3 yakanga iri chiedza. tangi, asi nezviyero zveuto reHungary yakarongedzerwa sepakati tangi - approx. ed.] ndokuridza pfuti mbiri takananga kwedu. Hapana kana mumwe wavo akatirova, takanga tichiri vapenyu! Pfuti yedu yechipiri yakamubata!

Chitima chekutakura matangi "Toldi" munzira kuburikidza neCarpathians kuenda kuEastern Front.

Ndinofanira kubvuma kuti hondo yacho pachayo yakanga ine utsinye. VaHungary vakakwanisa kuwana mukana wehunyanzvi munhandare yehondo, uye vakadzivirirawo kubviswa kwematangi eSoviet akananga musango. Munguva yehondo yeUriv, boka racho rakaparadza matangi evavengi makumi maviri nerimwe pasina kurasikirwa, kunyanya T-21s uye M26 Stuarts, pamwe chete neT-3 dzakawanda. MaHungary akawedzera mana akabatwa M34 Stuart matangi kungarava dzavo.

Kusangana kwekutanga neSoviet armored unit kwakaita kuti maHungary vaone kuti 37 mm PzKpfw 38 (t) pfuti dzaive dzisingabatsiri zvachose kurwisa epakati (T-34) uye inorema (KW) matangi evavengi. Chinhu chimwe chete chakaitika nezvikwata zvevacheche, izvo zvakanga zvisingadziviriri kurwisa matangi evavengi nekuda kwemaitiro mashoma aripo - 40-mm anti-tank pfuti. Gumi nembiri ematangi emuvengi akadonhedzwa muhondo iyi vakava vabirwa vePzKpfw IV. The ace of battle was the captain. Jozsef Henkey-Hoenig we3rd Kambani ye51st Tank Destroyer Battalion, ine vashandi vakaparadza matangi matanhatu evavengi. Murairo we2nd Army wakatendeukira kuBudapest nechikumbiro chekukurumidzira kutumira matangi akakodzera uye zvombo zvinorwisa tank. MunaGunyana 1942, gumi PzKpfw III, 10 PzKpfw IV F10 uye vashanu vaparadzi matangi eMarder III vakatumirwa kubva kuGermany. Panguva iyoyo, kurasikirwa kwechikamu kwaive kwakwira kusvika pa2 PzKpfw 48(t) uye 38 PzKpfw IV F14.

Munguva yehondo dzezhizha, mumwe wevarwi vakashinga aiva Lieutenant Sandor Horvat kubva ku35th Infantry Regiment, uyo musi waChikunguru 12, 1941 akaparadza matangi eT-34 neT-60 ane migodhi yemagineti. Mukuru mukuru mumwe chete akakuvadzwa kana muna 1942-43. uye akapiwa Menduru yeGoridhe yeUshingi. Vacheche, kunyanya vane mota, vakapa rutsigiro rwakakura mukurwiswa kwekupedzisira kwe1st Armored Battalion uye 3rd Kambani ye51st Tank Destroyer Battalion. Pakupedzisira, kurwiswa kwechikamu chezvombo cheHungary chakamanikidza 4th Guards Tank Brigade uye 54th Tank Brigade kuti vasiye bhiriji uye vadzokere kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva kweDon. Chete 130th tank brigade yakaramba iri pabhiriji - muUriv sector. Mabhuridhi ezvombo aidzokera akasiya motokari dzine zvombo uye mauto epfuti mumusoro webhiriji.

Kusara kwezvikepe zvehondo zveHungary muguta reKolbino; mukupera kwezhizha 1942

Kurasikirwa kweSoviet kwakatanga kuwedzera zvakanyanya, uye kurwira kwevaHungarian pachavo kwakava nyore pavakabatanidzwa nePzKpfw IV F1 matangi uye Nimrod anozvifambisa pfuti. Vapedza basa rokuparadza. Moto wavo wakanyatso kudzivirira kudzoka kweRed Army kuburikidza nebhiriji. Zvikepe zvinoverengeka nezvikepe zvezvikepe zvakaparadzwa. Ensign Lajos Hegedyush, mukuru weplatoon wekambani yematangi anorema, akaparadza matangi maviri eSoviet light, ayo akange atove kune rimwe divi reDon. Panguva ino, kutangwa kweHungary kwaive kushoma, paine maviri chete PzKpfw 38(t) matangi akakuvadzwa. Motokari yainyatsoshanda yaive iya yairairwa nekombi. Janos Rosik wekambani yechitatu yetangi, iyo vashandi vakaparadza motokari ina dzevavengi.

Pakutanga kwaAugust 1942, mauto eSoviet 6 akaedza kugadzira uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya sezvinobvira mabhiriji kumahombekombe ekumadokero eDon. Iwo maviri makuru aive pedyo neUriva neKorotoyak. Murairo we2 Army hauna kunzwisisa kuti kurova kukuru kwaizoenda kuUryv, uye kwete kuKorotoyak, uko vazhinji ve1st Panzer Division yakanyura, kunze kwehondo yekucherechedza yakanga ichangobva kutumirwa kuUryv.

Kurwiswa, kwakatanga musi wa10 Nyamavhuvhu, kwakatanga zvakaipa kwazvo kune veHungary. Artillery yakaisa moto zvisizvo kumauto e23 Infantry Regiment ye20th Light Division, iyo yakatanga kufambira mberi paStorozhevoye kuruboshwe. Chokwadi ndechekuti rimwe remabhetaroni rakakurumidza kukurumidza. Kurwiswa kwekutanga kwakamiswa panzvimbo dzakanyatsogadzirirwa dzekudzivirira dze53rd nzvimbo yakasimbiswa yePC. A.G. Daskevich uye chikamu che25th Guards Rifle Division Colonel. PM Safarenko. Matangi ehondo yekutanga akasangana nekupokana kwakasimba uye kwakasimba kubva kuSoviet 1th anti-tank artillery boka. Pamusoro pezvo, mapoka akasarudzika evacheche akadzidziswa kuparadzwa kwemotokari dzehondo dzehondo dzakamirira matangi eHungary. Vashandi veTank vaifanira kuramba vachishandisa pfuti dzemuchina uye magirinedhi emaoko, uye mune dzimwe nguva kunyange kupfurana nepfuti dzemuchina kuti vabvise zvombo zveRed Army. Kurwiswa uye hondo yese yakave kukundikana kukuru.

Akazvivharira Nimrod pfuti dze51st Tank Destroyer Battalion, 1942.

Imwe yematangi yakarova mugodhi pedyo neKorotoyak ndokupisa pamwe chete nevashandi vose. Varwi veHungary vakatambura kurasikirwa kukuru kubva pakurova kweSoviet kurwisa uye ndege dzebhomba; pasinei nekudzivirira kwemhepo kunoshanda. Refutenendi Dr. Istvan Simon akanyora, kuti: “Rakanga riri zuva rakaipa zvikuru. Avo vasati vambosvikako havangambozvitenda kana kusazvitenda... Takaenda mberi, asi takatarisana nemoto wepfuti unorema zvekuti takamanikidzwa kudzokera kumashure. Kaputeni Topai akafa [Kaputeni Pal Topai, mukuru we2nd tank company - approx. ed.]. ... Ndichayeuka hondo yechipiri yeUryv-Storozhevo.

Zuva rakatevera, August 11, hondo itsva dzakaitika munharaunda yeKrotoyak, mangwanani-ngwanani mauto echipiri tangi akanyeverwa uye akakonzera kurasikirwa kukuru pakurwisa Red Army. Kurasikirwa kudivi reHungary kwakanga kusingakoshi. Vamwe vose ve2 Panzer Division vakarwa kuKorotoyak pamwe chete neGermany 1th Infantry Regiment ye687th Infantry Division pasi peGeneral Walter Lucht.

Hungarian tank PzKpfw IV Ausf. F2 (iyi vhezheni yaive nepfuti refu-yakavharirwa 75 mm) kubva ku30th Tank Regiment, matsutso 1942.

Varume veRed Army vakarova munharaunda yeKrotoyak musi waNyamavhuvhu 15, 1941. Munguva pfupi, mauto ose eHungary akanga ari mubishi kudzinga vavengi. Pazuva rokutanga chete, matangi eSoviet akaparadzwa, kunyanya M10 Stuart uye T-3. Iyo PzKpfw IV F60 yeLajos Hegedus, iyo yakaparadza ina M1 Stuarts, yakarohwa nemugodhi uye akati wandei akananga hits. Mutyairi nenhepfenyuro yeredhiyo vakaurayiwa. Munguva yehondo idzi, kumwe kukanganisa mukudzidziswa kwevacheche veHungary kwakaratidzwa. Pakupera kwezuva, mutungamiriri we3th Infantry Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Brinkmann, akaudza mukuru we687st Armored Division, General Lajos Veres, kuti mauto eHungary kubva muboka rake akanga asingakwanisi kusimbisa kubatana kwepedyo neuto rake. anodzivirira. uye counterattack.

Kurwa kunotyisa kwakapfuurira zuva rose. Matangi eHungary akaparadza matangi maviri epakati pevavengi, asi akarasikirwa zvakanyanya. Mukuru ane ruzivo rwakanyanya, mukuru wekambani yechipiri, Lieutenant Jozsef Partos, akafa. Yake PzKpfw 2(t) yaive nemukana mudiki wekupokana neT-38. Vaviri veHungary PzKpfw 34(t) vakaparadzwa zvisizvo mukupisa kwehondo nevapfuti veGerman kubva ku38th Infantry Regiment. Hondo paKrotoyak yakapfuurira kwemazuva akati wandei nehukuru hwakasiyana. The Hungarian 687st Armored Division musi waAugust 1, 18, yakaverenga kurasikirwa kwayo, iyo yakasvika ku1942 vakaurayiwa, 410 vakashaya uye 32 vakakuvadzwa. Mushure mehondo, iyo 1289th Tangi Regiment yaive ne30 PzKpfw 55(t) uye 38 PzKpfw IV F15 mukugadzirira kurwa kuzere. Mamwe matangi 1 aive muzvitoro zvinogadzirisa. Mumazuva mashomanana akatevera, 35th Light Division uye 12st Panzer Division yakabviswa kubva kuKorotoyak. Nzvimbo yavo yakatorwa neGerman 1th Infantry Division, iyo yakamisa Soviet bridgehead mukutanga kwaSeptember 336. Mune basa iri, akatsigirwa ne1942st assault gun battalion yaMajor Heinz Hoffmann uye Hungarian aviation. VaSoviet vakaziva kuti vakanga vasina simba rakakwana kuti vabate mabhiriji maviri, uye vakasarudza kuisa pfungwa pane chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kwavari - Uryva.

Yakaparadzwa zvachose PzKpfw IV Ausf. F1 Corporal Rasik; Nharireyomurindi, 1942

Zvikamu zve 1st Panzer Division zvakazorora, zvakazadzwa nevashandi nemidziyo. Kana mamwe matangi akadzoka kubva kumawekishopu kuenda kumaraini units. Pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu, huwandu hwematangi ekushandisa hwakange hwawedzera kusvika pa5 Toldi, 85 PzKpfw 38(t) uye 22 PzKpfw IV F1. Kusimbisa kwaiuyawo, senge mana PzKpfw IV F2 matangi ane 75 mm refu-barreled pfuti. Sezvineiwo, pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu 1942, masisitimu edziviriro emhepo echikamu chezvombo cheHungary akapfura ndege dzevavengi makumi matanhatu nenhatu. Pakati peizvi, Nimrod anozvifambisa pfuti kubva ku63st tank muparadzi battalion akanyoreswa makumi mana (51?)

Mukutanga kwaSeptember 1942, mauto eHungary akanga achigadzirira kuedza kwechitatu kubvisa bhiriji reUrivo-Storozhevsky. Matangi aifanira kuita basa rinotungamira mubasa iri. Chirongwa ichi chakagadzirwa naGeneral Willibald Freiherr von Langermann naErlenkamp, ​​​​mukuru weXXIV Panzer Corps. Maererano nehurongwa, kurwisa kukuru kwaifanira kutungamirirwa kuStorozhevoye kuruboshwe, uye mushure mokunge yatorwa, 1st Panzer Division yaizorwisa sango reOttisia kuparadza mamwe mauto eSoviet kubva kumashure. Ipapo mauto evavengi aifanira kubviswa zvakananga pabhiriji. Zvinosuruvarisa, mukuru weGermany haana kufunga nezvezvikumbiro zvevakuru veHungary, avo vakanga vatorwa kaviri munzvimbo iyi. Mauto e1 Panzer Division akakumbirwa kurwisa mauto anodzivirira bhiriji nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, pasina kupaza nesango, zvakananga munzira yeSelyavnoye. Mukuru weGermany akatenda kuti muvengi aisazova nenguva yekutumira zvigadziriso mhiri kwebhiriji.

Kugumbura kwemauto eHungary musi wa9 Gunyana 1942 kwakaratidza kutanga kwechimwe chezvitsauko zvakateura ropa zvehondo paDon. Kuruboshwe, German 168th Infantry Division (Commander: General Dietrich Kreiss) uye Hungarian 20th Light Division (Commander: Colonel Geza Nagye), vachitsigirwa ne201st Assault Gun Battalion, vaifanira kurwisa Storozhevoe. Zvisinei, vakatarisana nedziviriro yakasimba uye kufambira mberi kwavo kwainonoka. Hazvishamisi kuti Red Army yakanga inenge mwedzi kushandura nzvimbo dzavo kuva nhare chaiyo: akachera-mu-T-34 matangi uye 3400 migodhi iri pamusoro bridgehead vakaita basa ravo. Mumasikati, boka rehondo kubva ku1st Battalion, 30th Tank Regiment, yakarairwa naCapt. MacLary, yakatumirwa kutsigira kurwisa. Sajeni Janos Chismadia, mukuru wePzKpfw 38 (t), akazvisiyanisa zuva iroro. ISoviet T-34 yakangoerekana yaonekwa seri kwevarwi vekuGermany vanorwisa, asi vashandi veTangi veHungary vakakwanisa kuiparadza pedyo zvikuru; chaive chiitiko chisingawanzoitiki. Pakarepo mushure meizvi, mutungamiriri wetangi akasiya motokari yake kuti aparadze matumba maviri ane zvipo zvemaoko. Pazuva iroro, iye nevaiva pasi pake vakakwanisa kuuraya vasungwa 30 vehondo. Sajeni vakapihwa Silver Order of Courage.

PzKpfw IV Ausf. F1. Kufanana neWehrmacht, Hungarian 1st Panzer Division yakanga iine nhumbi shoma shoma dzakakodzera kurwisa zvizere Soviet KW neT-34.

Hondo yakatamira kumusha pachawo nenzvimbo dzawo pa10 Gunyana. PzKpfw IV matangi ekambani yechitatu akaparadza maviri T-3s uye imwe KW uye akamanikidza matangi e34th tank brigade kuti adzokere kumabvazuva kwemusha. Matangi maviri ematangi aya akaparadzwa necorporal. Janos Rosik. Apo vaHungary, vachisundidzira muvengi kumashure, vakapotsa vasiya musha, ngoro yaRoshik yakarohwa negomba re116-mm. Tangi rakaputika, vashandi vose vakafa. 76,2th Tank Regiment yakarasikirwa nemumwe wevashandi vayo vane ruzivo.

Mauto akabatanidzwa eGerman-Hungarian akatora Storozhevoye, achirasikirwa nemamwe matangi maviri ePzKpfw 38(t). Munguva yehondo iyi, Sgt. Gyula Boboytsov, mukuru wechikwata chechitatu chekambani. Zvichakadaro, pabapiro rekurudyi, 3th Light Division yakarwisa Urive, ichitora zvakawanda zvezvinangwa zvayo mukati memazuva maviri. Nekudaro, nekufamba kwenguva, zvikamu zvechikamu zvakamanikidzwa kudzoka nekuda kwekutevedzana kukuru kweSoviet counterattacks. Pakazosvika September 13, nzvimbo yose yeStorozhev yakanga yatorwa nemauto eGermany-Hungary. Imwe fambiro mberi yakaganhurirwa nemvura zhinji.

Mumasikati, matangi eHungary akatumirwa kunorwisa nesango reOttissia, asi akamiswa ne-anti-tank pfuti moto kubva muhugaro pamucheto wesango. Motokari dzakawanda dzakakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa. Peter Luksch (akakwidziridzwa kuita mukuru pakupera kwaGunyana), mukuru we2nd armored battalion, akakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa muchipfuva nechidimbu chegoko ari kunze kwetangi. Mukuru wemauto akatora mutungamiri. Tibor Karpaty, iye zvino mukuru wekambani yechishanu. Panguva imwecheteyo, 5th uye 6th tank brigades yakaendeswa kune bridgehead yeSoviet 54th Army, iyo yaisanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, matangi ane simba re130 kW uye T-20 yakawanda.

Imwe yeakanakisa matangi eHungary, Lieutenant Istvan Simon; 1942

September 12, 1942 mauto eGermany-Hungarian akamanikidzwa kuchinja nzira huru yekurwisa. Mangwanani, moto unorema wepfuti kubva kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva kweDon wakawira pamusoro pevaHungary nemaGerman vachigadzirira kurwisa. Lieutenant Colonel Endre Zador, mukuru we30th Armored Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Rudolf Resch vakakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa, murairo weuto wakatorwa nemukuru we1st Armored Battalion. Pasinei nekutanga kusina kubudirira, kurwisa kwakabudirira. Mukuru wemauto matsva, achitungamira kurwiswa kwekutanga, akaparadza pfuti nhanhatu dzinorwisa tank uye pfuti mbiri dzemumunda. Achisvika pasi peChikomo 187,7, akasiya ngoro yake ndokutora chikamu mukurwisa kwakananga, achibvisa nzvimbo mbiri dzekuvanda vavengi. Mushure mekunge matangi eHungary atambura kurasikirwa kukuru, mauto eSoviet akadzinga varwi veHungary kubva pachikomo chakakosha pakati pebhiriji. Mauto e168th Rifle Division akatanga kuchera munzvimbo dzagara dzagara. Ava manheru, matangi eKW akaonekwa kuruboshwe. Pakupera kwezuva, kurwiswa kukuru kweSoviet kwakadzinga maGerman kubva munzvimbo dzavo dzekudzivirira paChikomo 187,7. 2nd armored battalion cap. Tibor Karpatego akarairwa kurwisa. Corporal Mocker akatsanangura hondo zuva iroro:

Takazomuka na4:30 togadzirira kusiya chigaro. Corporal Gyula Vitko (mutyairi) akarota kuti tangi yedu yakarohwa... Zvisinei, Lieutenant Halmos haana kutirega tichifunga nguva refu pamusoro pokureurura uku: “Tangisai injini. Nhanho!" ... Zvakakurumidza kuva pachena kuti takanga tiri pakati pekurwiswa kweSoviet pamutsara wekubatana ... Varwi veGermany vakanga vari munzvimbo dzavo, vakagadzirira kurwisa. ... Ndakagamuchira mushumo mupfupi kubva kumukuru wechikwata chiri kurudyi, zvichida Lieutenant Attila Boyaska (mukuru wechikwata cheboka rechitanhatu), uyo akakumbira rubatsiro nokukurumidza sezvinobvira: “Vachapfura matangi edu rimwe nerimwe! Yangu yakatsemuka. Tinoda rubatsiro nekukasika!"

Iyo 1st tank battalion yaivewo panguva yakaoma. Mutungamiriri wayo akakumbira rutsigiro kubva kuvaNimrod kuti vadzinge matangi eSoviet airwisa. Corporal akaenderera mberi achiti:

Takasvika kutangi reKaputeni Karpathy, iro rakanga riri pasi pemoto mukuru ... Pakanga pane gore guru rehutsi neguruva rakaipoteredza. Takafambira mberi kutozosvikira tasvika kudzimbahwe reGermany revarwi vanofamba netsoka veGermany. ... tangi yeRussia yakanga ichifamba mumunda pasi pemoto wedu unorema. Mupfuti wedu Njerges akadzorera pfuti nekukurumidza. Akapfura matehwe anobaya pfuti rimwe pashure perimwe. Zvisinei, chimwe chinhu chakanga chisina kururama. Mabhomba edu haana kukwanisa kupinza zvombo zvetangi remuvengi. Kushaya zvekuita uku kwaityisa! Hondo yeSoviet yakaparadza mutungamiriri wePzKpfw 38 (t) chikamu Karpaty, uyo, nerufaro, akanga abuda mumotokari. Utera hwema 37 mm pfuti dzematangi eHungary dzaizivikanwa nevaHungarian, asi zvino zvakava pachena kuti maSoviet aizivawo nezvazvo uye aizotora mukana wacho. Chirevo chakavanzika cheHungary chakati: "VaSoviet vakatinyengedza panguva yehondo yechipiri yeUriva ... T-34s yakaparadza inenge yese panzer division mumaminitsi mashomanana."

Mukuwedzera, hondo yacho yakaratidza kuti mauto ezvombo zvechikamu aida PzKpfw IV, iyo inogona kurwisa matangi eT-34, asi pakanga paine dambudziko neKW. Pakazopera zuva, maPzKpfw IV mana chete ne22 PzKpfw 38(t) akanga agadzirira kurwa. Muhondo dzeSeptember 13, vaHungary vakaparadza sere T-34 uye vakakuvadza maKV maviri. Musi waSeptember 14, Red Army yakaedza kudzosa Storozhevoe, asi pasina. Zuva rekupedzisira rekurwa, hondo yechitatu yeUriv, yaiva Gunyana 16, 1942. VaHungary vakapfura pfuti shanu dzeNimrod kubva ku51st tank muparadzi battalion, izvo zvakaita kuti hupenyu hwematangi eSoviet husagoneke kubva ku40-mm inokurumidza-moto cannon. Soviet armored units zvakare yakarasikirwa zvakanyanya zuva iro, kusanganisira. 24 matangi akaparadzwa, kusanganisira matanhatu KWs. Pakupera kwezuva rekurwa, 30th Tank Regiment yaive ne12 PzKpfw 38(t) uye 2 PzKpfw IV F1. Mauto eGerman-Hungarian akarasikirwa ne10 2 vanhu. vanhu: 8 zviuru zvakaurayiwa uye zvisipo uye XNUMX zviuru zvakakuvara.

Hungarian tank PzKpfw IV Ausf. F2 nevacheche muhondo dzeKrotoyak neUriv; 1942

Musi waOctober 3, German XXIV Panzer Corps yakarasikirwa nemukuru wayo, General Langermann-Erlankamp, ​​uyo akafa nekuputika kweroketi 122-mm. Pamwe chete nemukuru weGermany, vatungamiri ve20th Light Division uye 14th Infantry Regiment, Colonel Geza Nagy naJozsef Mik, vakaurayiwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, 1st Panzer Division yakanga ine 50% yekutanga ngarava yematangi. Kurasikirwa kwevarwi kwakanga kusina kunyanya. Vakuru vakuru vanomwe vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira vakatumirwa kuHungary, kubatanidza kaputeni. Laszlo Maclary; kutora chikamu mukudzidziswa kwematangi e2nd Panzer Division. MunaNovember, rubatsiro rwakasvika: nhanhatu PzKpfw IV F2 uye G, 10 PzKpfw III N. Muenzaniso wekutanga wakatumirwa kune kambani yematangi anorema, uye "troika" kukambani ye5 yeLieutenant Karoli Balogh.

Reinforcements uye zvekushandisa zveHungarian armored Division zvakasvika zvishoma nezvishoma. Musi waNovember 3, mutungamiriri we2nd Army, General Gustav Jahn, akaratidzira kuGermany maererano nekusakwanisa kuendesa zvikamu zvematangi uye zvinhu. Nhamburiko dzakaitwa, zvisinei, kuunza migove nezvombo nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Sezvineiwo, pakanga pasina kupopotedzana kukuru. Kurwisana chete uko zvikamu zveHungarian armored Division zvakatora chikamu chakaitika musi waOctober 19, 1942 pedyo neStorozhevo; 1st armored battalion cap. Gezi Mesolego akaparadza matangi mana eSoviet. Kubva munaNovember, 1st Panzer Division yakaendeswa kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza ye2nd Army. Munguva iyi, chikamu chepfuti chechikamu chakarongwazve, chikava motokari yehondo (kubva December 1, 1942). Muna Zvita, chikamu ichi chakagamuchira mashanu Marders II, iyo tangi muparadzi squadron inorairwa naCapt S. Pal Zergeni. Kuti vagadzirise zvakare 1st Panzer Division muna Zvita, maGerman akatumira vatungamiriri ve6, vatungamiriri vasina kutumwa uye masoja kubva ku50 Panzer Regiment kuti vadzorerwe.

Vakatora rutivi mukurwa muna 1943.

Mauto e2nd Panzer Division paDon, zhizha 1942.

Musi waNdira 2, 1943, iyo 1st Armored Division yakaiswa pasi pekutonga kwakananga kwechitunha chaGeneral Hans Kramer, chaisanganisira 29th uye 168th Infantry Divisions, 190th Assault Gun Battalion, uye 700th Armored Division. Pazuva rino, chikamu cheHungary chaisanganisira 8 PzKpfw IV F2 uye G, 8 PzKpfw IV F1, 9 PzKpfw III N, 41 PzKpfw 38 (t), 5 Marder II uye 9 Toldi.

Pamwe chete nezvikamu zve2nd Army, 1st Panzer Division yakanga ine mutoro wekudzivirira mutsara wepamberi paDon, ine nzvimbo yepakati muVoronezh. Munguva yechando inogumbura yeRed Army, mauto e40th Army akarwisa bhiriji reUriva, iro, mukuwedzera kune chikamu chevarindi chepfuti, chaisanganisira mapoka mana epfuti uye matatu ezvombo zvehondo ane matangi 164, kusanganisira 33 KW matangi uye 58 T- 34 matangi. Hondo yeSoviet 18th Rifle Corps yakarova kubva kuShutier bridgehead, kusanganisira mabrigade maviri ezvombo ane matangi 99, kusanganisira 56 T-34s. Aifanira kufambira mberi kubva kuchamhembe kuenda kumaodzanyemba kuzosangana ne3rd Panzer Army kuKantamirovtsy. Kubva kurutivi rweKantemirovka, kudivi rekumaodzanyemba, mauto eSoviet armored akakwira, aine matangi 425 (+53?), kusanganisira 29 KV uye 221 T-34s. VaSoviet vakapawo rubatsiro rwakakwana rwezvombo zvehondo, munharaunda yeUriv yaiva 102 mbiya pamakiromita emberi, muShtushya - 108, uye muKantemirovtsy - 96. Muchikamu cheUriv, 122-mm howiters vakapfura 9500 rounds, 76,2-mm pfuti - 38 kumativi. , uye artillery rocket launchers - 000 makomba.

Camouflaged Hungarian tank positions; Krotoyak, Nyamavhuvhu 1942.

Ndira 12, 1943 sechikamu che1st Hungarian Armored Division (mukuru: Colonel Ferenc Horvath, akakwidziridzwa kuita Major General muna Kukadzi 1943, Chief of Staff: Major Karoli.

Chemez) aiva:

• 1st Battalion yeRapid Communications - Capt. Cornel Palotasi;
• 2nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group - Major Illes Gerhardt, anosanganisira: 1st Motorized Medium Artillery Group - Major Gyula Jovanovich, 5th Motorized Medium Artillery Boka - Lieutenant Colonel Istvan Sendes, 51st Tank Destroyer Division - Lieutenant Revrionst Colonel 1) Reconnaissance Battalion Lt. Ede Galosfay, Kambani yechishanu yeMuparadzi weTangi - Capt. Pal Zergeni;
• 1st motorized rifle regiment - lieutenant colonel Ferenc Lovay, inosanganisira: 1st motorized rifle battalion - kaputeni. Laszlo Varadi, 2nd motorized rifle battalion - Major Ishvan Khartyansky, 3rd motorized rifle battalion - kaputeni. Ferenc Herke;
• 30th panzer dziva - ppłk Andre Horváth, w składzi: kompania sztabowa - kubvira. Matyas Fogarasi, 1. zmotoryzowana kompania saperów - kpi. Laszlo Kelemen, 1st tank battalion - captain Geza Mesoli (1st company Czolgów - squadron Janos Novak, 2nd company Cholguw - squadron Zoltan Sekey, 3rd company Czolguw - squadron Albert Kovacs), 2nd tank battalion - Dezo Vidats (4. kambani Czolg. , 5. kompania czołgów - port. Felix-Kurt Dalitz, 6. kompania czołgów - port. Lajos Balázs).

Musi waNdira 12, 1943, kurwisa kweRed Army kwakatanga, kuchitungamirwa nekugadzirira kukuru kwezvombo, kuchiteverwa nemauto matanhatu anotsigirwa nematangi, akarwisa 3rd Battalion, 4th Regiment, 7th Light Division. Nechekare panguva artillery shelling, varwi vakarasikirwa vanenge 20-30% yevashandi vayo, zvokuti manheru muvengi akadzokera 3 makiromita. Kugumbura kwemauto eSoviet paUriv kwaifanirwa kutanga muna Ndira 14, asi zvakasarudzwa kushandura hurongwa uye nekumhanyisa kurwisa. Mangwanani emusi waNdira 13, mauto evacheche eHungary akatanga auya pasi pemoto unorema, uye ipapo nzvimbo dzavo dzakaparadzwa nematangi. Iyo yeGerman 700th tank battalion, ine PzKpfw 38 (t), yakapotsa yaparadzwa zvachose nematangi e150th tank brigade. Zuva rakatevera, veSoviet 18th Infantry Corps vakarwisa ndokurovera muboka reHungarian 12th Light Division paShuce. Chombo che12th Field Artillery Regiment chakaparadza matangi akawanda eSoviet asi chaigona kuita zvishoma. Varwi vakatanga kudzoka vasina tsigiro yakasimba yepfuti. Munharaunda yeKantemirovka, Soviet 3rd Panzer Army yakaputsawo mitsetse yeGermany, matangi ayo achitora mahofisi makuru eXXIV Panzer Corps kuShilino, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweguta reRossosh. Vakuru vakuru veGermany nevarwi vashomanana chete ndivo vakakwanisa kutiza. Ndira 14 raive zuva rinotonhora zvakanyanya rechando cha1942/43. Colonel Yeno Sharkani, Mukuru weVashandi ve2 Corps yeHondo yeXNUMX, akanyora mumushumo: ... zvese zvaive nechando, avhareji tembiricha.

muchando ichi kwaiva -20°C, musi iwoyo kwaiva -30°C.

General Lajos Veres, mukuru we1st Armored Division kusvika 1 Gumiguru 1942

Masikati emusi wa16 Ndira, zvikamu zve1 Panzer Division akatanga kurwisa Woitysh, inogarwa ne18th Infantry Corps. Somugumisiro wekurwiswa kwedhaka, mukuru weboka rekutanga repfuti, Lieutenant Colonel Ferenc Lovai, akakuvadzwa akafa. Kurayira kwakatorwa naLieutenant Colonel Jozsef Szigetváry, uyo akakurumidza kurairwa naGeneral Kramer kuti amise kurwisa uye kudzokera shure sezvo mauto eHungary akanga ari mungozi yekukombwa. Panguva iyoyo, maSoviet akanga afamba makiromita 1 akadzika mumitsetse yeGermany-Hungary pedyo neUriva; gaka munzvimbo dziri pedyo neKantemirovka rakanga rakakura - 60 km yakafara uye 30 km yakadzika. Iyo yechigumi nembiri Panzer Corps ye90rd Panzer Mauto yakatosunungurwa naRossosh. Musi waNdira 12, Soviet armored units uye varwi vetsoka vakasvika kuOstrogoshki, iyo yaidzivirira zvikamu zveHungarian 3th Light Division uye mauto eGerman 17th Infantry Division.

Kudzokera shure kwematangi eHungary PzKpfw 38 (t); Zvita 1942

Mangwanani-ngwanani, 1st Panzer Division, ine sere PzKpfw III uye ina PzKpfw IVs, yakatanga kurwisa kwakananga kuDolshnik-Ostrogoshk, ichiparadza Soviet motorized column. General Kramer akadzima kurwisa. Imwe yevakaremara PzKpfw IVs yakaputika. Nehurombo kune zvikamu zvechikamu, pakanga paine mugwagwa mumwe chete wakananga kuAlekseevka, wakavharwa nevanhu nemidziyo, zvese zvinoshanda uye zvakasiiwa kana kuparadzwa. Boka reHungarian armored rakarasikirwa zvakanyanya panguva yekufora uku, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvimedu uye mafuta, matangi ePzKpfw 38 (t) akanyura muchando, saka akasiiwa uye akaputika. Matangi akawanda aifanira kuparadzwa pachiteshi chekugadzirisa chikamu muKamenka, semuenzaniso, chete 1st tank battalion yaifanira kuputika 17 PzKpfw 38 (t) uye 2 PzKpfw IV nemimwe michina yakawanda.

Musi waNdira 19, chikamu chezvombo zveHungary chakapihwa basa rekutanga kurwisa kwakanangana neAleksievka. Kutsigira chikamu chisina simba (kusvika Ndira 25), iyo 559th division yevaparadzi matangi lieutenant colonel. Wilhelm Hefner. Kurwiswa kwakabatana kwakatanga na11:00. Junior Lieutenant Denes Nemeth anobva ku2nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group akatsanangura kurwiswa uku seizvi: ... Rimwe rematangi edu rakaputika nemugodhi, dzimwe motokari dzakawanda dzakarohwa ... Kubva mumugwagwa wekutanga, hondo inotyisa yakatanga kune imwe neimwe imba, nzira, kazhinji ne bayonet, panguva iyo mativi ose maviri akatambura kurasikirwa kukuru.

Yakaparadza matangi eFiat 3000B echikwata chemapurisa chiri kushanda kumashure kweEastern Front; chando 1942/43

VaHungary vakaparadza matangi mana evavengi. Kurwa kwakamira mushure memaawa 2,5, vaHungary vakakwanisa kutorazve guta. Kurasikirwa kwechikamu kwaive: PzKpfw III, yakaputirwa nemugodhi, uye maviri PzKpfw IV, akaparadzwa ne anti-tank artillery moto. Nimrod we2nd Company, 51st Tank Destroyer Battalion akarovawo mugodhi, mumwe akarovera mugomba guru apo mutyairi wake akapfurwa mumusoro. Uyu Nimrodhi akarongwawo sekurashikirwa kusingadzoreki. Munguva yekurwisa, mutungamiri wePzKpfw III platoon kubva ku3rd tank company, Sergeant V. Gyula Boboytsov. Pakazosvika masikati, kupikisa kweSoviet, kunotsigirwa neT-60 matangi, kwakaputsika neHungarian Marder II vaparadzi matangi. Rimwe remapoka ehondo eboka rakanga rakamira pachikomo pedyo neAlekseevka.

Mangwanani eJanuary 19, guta rakarwiswa neRed Army kubva kumaodzanyemba. Kurwiswa kwacho kwakaramba, kuparadza mamwe T-34 uye T-60 matangi. Pasinei nekubudirira uku, zviitiko mune mamwe mativi e2nd Army pamberi zvakamanikidza mauto e1 Panzer Division kuti adzokere kumadokero. Munguva yekudzoka, imwe yeNimrods yekambani yekutanga ye1st tank muparadzi battalion yakaparadzwa. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti budiriro isingakoshi yehungarian armored unit muna Ndira 51 ne18 yakaita kuti zvibvire kubvisa mauto eKramer, yechi19 uye yechi20 chitunha kuburikidza neAlekseevka. Husiku hwaNdira 21-21, mapoka ehondo echikamu chetangi akaparadza chiteshi uye njanji muAlekseevka. Musi waNdira 1, 26th Panzer Division yaifanira kutanga imwe counterattack kubatsira kudzoka kweGerman 168th Infantry Division. Yakateverwa nemauto eGerman 13th Infantry Division uye Hungarian 19th Light Division vachidzivirira kumberi kuOstrogosk kusvika Ndira 20. Mauto ekupedzisira eHungary akabva kuOstrogoshk parunyararo rwaNdira XNUMX.

Albert Kovacs, mumwe weakanyanya kubudirira matangi vatungamiriri ve3rd Battalion, 30th Tank Regiment.

Zvikamu zve1 Panzer Division, inovhara kudzoka pakati peIlyinka neAlekseevka, yakagumburwa neboka reSoviet reconnaissance, iro rakakundwa (80 vakaurayiwa, marori maviri uye pfuti mbiri dzinorwisa tank dzakaparadzwa). VaHungary vakatora nzvimbo yekumadokero kweAlekseevka uye vakaibata usiku hwose vachitsigirwa neMarder II ye559th Fighter Battalion. Kurwiswa kwakawanda kwevavengi kwakadzorwa, vanhu vatanhatu vakarasika. Mupikisi akarasikirwa ne150-200 yavo. Masikati neusiku hwaJanuary 22, mauto eSoviet aigara achirwisa Ilyinka, asi zvikamu zveHungarian armored Division zvakadzinga kumwe kurwiswa. Mangwanani emusi waNdira 23, pfuti dzeMarder II dzakaparadza T-34s neT-60s. Pazuva rimwe chetero, kudzoka kwakatanga kubva kuIlyinka semurindi wezvitunha - kana kuti, izvo zvakasara - Kramer. Mutsara mutsva wekudzivirira pedyo neNovy Oskol wakasvika musi waJanuary 25, 1943.

Iyo prototype yeHungarian tank muparadzi pane chassis yeToldi tank. Hazvina kumbopinda mukugadzirwa; 1943-1944

Pashure pemazuva akati wandei achitonhora asi akanyarara, pana Ndira 20, veSoviet vakatanga kurwisa Novy Oskol. Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweguta rino, kambani yechitanhatu yetangi yakarasikirwa nemukuru wayo (ona Lajos Balas, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga ari kunze kwetangi uye akaurayiwa nekurohwa nemusoro). Kurwisa kwemuvengi hakuna kugona kumiswa. Zvikamu zvechikamu zvakatanga kudzoka pasi pekurwisa kwemuvengi. Nekudaro, ivo vaive vachiri kugona kushomeka kurwisa, kunonoka kufambira mberi kweRed Army uye kudzoreredza mauto ayo makuru.

Kurwa muguta racho chaimo kwakanga kunotyisa zvikuru. Mushumo weredhiyo wakachengetedzwa kwavari, zvichida wakatumirwa naCorporal Miklos Jonas: “Ndakaparadza pfuti yeRussia inorwisa matangi pedyo nechiteshi. Tinoenderera mberi nekufambira mberi kwedu. Takasangana nepfuti inorema uye pfuti diki-diki kubva muzvivako uye kubva pamharadzano huru yemugwagwa. Pane mumwe mugwagwa uri kuchamhembe kwechiteshi, ndakaparadza imwe pfuti yehondo, yatakachaira ndokupfura varwi veRussia 40 vaiva nepfuti. Tinoenderera mberi nekusimudzira...

Hungarian matangi Turan uye PzKpfw 38(t) muUkraine; muchirimo 1943

Mushure mekurwa zuva iroro, mutungamiriri wetangi Jonas akapiwa menduru yepamusoro-soro yeHungary: Mukuru weGoridhe Medal for Courage. Somugumisiro, zvikamu zvechikamu zvakasiya guta ndokudzokera kumusha weMikhailovka kumabvazuva kweKorocha. Pazuva rino, kupatsanurwa kwakarasikirwa nevanhu ve26, vazhinji vakakuvadzwa, uye imwe PzKpfw IV tank, iyo yakaputirwa nevashandi. Kusimuka kweSoviet kunofungidzirwa kunge mauto mazana mashanu.

Mazuva maviri akatevera pakanga pakanyarara. Chete musi waFebruary 3, dzimwe hondo dzinotyisa dzakaitika, apo mauto emuvengi akadzingwa kubva kuTatyanovsky. Zuva rakatevera, 1st Panzer Division yakadzora kurwiswa kunoverengeka kweSoviet ndokutorazve musha weNikitovka, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweMikhailovka. Mushure mekubviswa kwemamwe mayuniti kuKoroche, iyo 1st Panzer Division yakadzokera zvakare. Ikoko, maHungary akatsigirwa ne168th Infantry Division yeGeneral Dietrich Kreis. Musi waFebruary 6, kwaiva nehondo yeguta, umo mauto eSoviet akatora zvivako zvakawanda. Pakupedzisira, varwi veRed Army vakadzingwa kunze kweguta.

Imwe yeakanakisa mota dzehungarian dzakashongedzerwa pfuti yeZrinyi II; 1943

Zuva rakatevera racho guta rakanga rakakombwa nemativi matatu. Na4:45 kurwisa kweSoviet kwakatanga. Pfuti mbiri dzakagadzirira kurwa dzaNimrodhi, dzichiridza pfuti pfupi, zvishoma zvakamisa kurwisa kubva kumabvazuva. Na6:45 mangwanani, chikamu cheGermany chakadzokera shure. 400-500 masoja eSoviet akamurwisa, achiedza kumubvisa kubva muguta. Kudzoka kwevaGermany kwakatsigirwa naNimrodius, ane moto mukuru wakabvumira mbiru kusvika kwairi kuenda. Mugwagwa wega waienda kuBelogrud waienda kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweguta. Mamwe mayuniti ese akatosiya Krotosha. Hungarian matangi akatangawo kudzoka, achirwa hondo dzisingaperi. Munguva iyi yekudzoka, Nimrodhi yekupedzisira yakaputika, pamwe chete nePzKpfw 38 (t), yakaparadzwa muhondo neT-34 uye maviri T-60s. Vashandi vakapona ndokupukunyuka. Kukadzi 7 raive zuva rekupedzisira rehondo huru iyo chikamu cheHungary chakarwa kumberi kwekumabvazuva.

Tangi Toldi II, yakavakwazve maererano nemuenzaniso weGermany, ine mahwendefa ezvombo zveparutivi; 1943

Musi waFebruary 9, 1st Panzer Division yakayambuka Donetsk ndokusvika kuKharkov. Mushure mekudzoka, maMarders II maviri (akadzoserwa kuGermany muzhizha ra1943) akaramba ari mubasa. Kurasikirwa kwekupedzisira aive mukuru we2nd Armored Battalion, Major Dezeu Vidats, akafira muchipatara, achirwara netyphus, muna Ndira 21, 1943. Musi waNdira 28, chikamu ichi chaive nevakuru ve316 uye 7428 vasina kutumwa mapurisa uye vakazvimirira. Kurasikirwa kwese kwechikamu kwaNdira naKukadzi 1943 kwakasvika kuvakuru ve25 vakaurayiwa uye makumi mashanu vakakuvadzwa, vamwe 50 vakashaikwa, pakati pevakuru vasina kutumwa manhamba aive anotevera - 9, 229 uye 921; uye pakati pechinzvimbo uye faira - 1128, 254, 971. Chikamu chakadzoserwa kuHungary pakupera kwaMarch 1137. Pakazara, Hondo yechipiri yakarasikirwa pakati paJanuary 1943 naApril 2, 1 6 masoja: 1943 vakakuvadzwa, vakawira zvakakomba. kurwara uye kutumirwa kuchando muHungary, uye 96 vanhu vakaurayiwa, kutapwa kana kushaikwa. Zvikamu zveVoronezh Front muhondo neHungary zvakarasikirwa nemasoja makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu nemazana manomwe neshanu, kusanganisira makumi matatu nemazana matatu nemakumi matatu nevamwechete.

Hondo inoswedera kumuganhu weHungary - 1944

Mushure mekukundwa kwaDon muna Kubvumbi 1943, Hungarian General Staff vakasangana kuti vakurukure zvikonzero nemhedzisiro yekukundwa kweEastern Front. Vese vakuru nevakuru vakuru vakanzwisisa kuti chirongwa chekugadzirisa uye kuvandudzwa kwemauto chinofanira kuitwa, uye kunyanya vakateerera kukosha kwekusimbisa zvombo zvehondo. Zvikasadaro, zvikamu zveHungary zvinorwa neRed Army hazvizove nemukana mudiki wekurwa zvakaenzana nematangi eSoviet. Mukutanga kwa1943 na1944, 80 Toldi I matangi akavakwa patsva, akashongedzerwa nepfuti 40 mm uye akashongedzerwa nekuwedzera 35 mm mahwendefa ezvombo pane emberi nhumbi dzokurwa uye mativi mahwendefa.

Pfuti yekuzvidzivirira "Zrinyi II" yakanga yakashongedzerwa ne 105-mm cannon; 1943

Danho rekutanga rechirongwa ichi raizogara kusvika pakati pegore ra1944 uye raisanganisira kugadzirwa kwetangi nyowani modhi - iyo 41M Turán II ine pfuti ye75 mm uye Zrinyi II inozvifambisa-yega gomo ine pfuti 105 mm. Danho rechipiri raizogara kusvika 1945 uye chigadzirwa chayo chekupedzisira chaive tangi inorema yekugadzirwa kwayo uye - kana zvichibvira - muparadzi wetangi (inonzi chirongwa cheTas M.44). Chikamu chechipiri hachina kumboshanda.

Mushure mekukundwa kwaDon musi waApril 1, 1943, murairo weHungary wakatanga kushandisa chirongwa chechitatu chekurongwazve kweuto - "Knot III". Iyo itsva 44M Zrini pfuti inozvifambisa-yega yaive yakabata 43 mm MAVAG 75M anti-tank pfuti, uye 43M Zrini II pfuti yaive ne43 mm MAVAG 105M howitzer. Iyi nzira yaizoshandiswa nemauto anozvifambisa ega, ayo aifanira kusanganisira 21 Zrynya pfuti uye mapfumbamwe Zriny II pfuti. Oda yekutanga yaive makumi mana, yechipiri makumi mashanu.

Battalion yekutanga yakaumbwa muna Chikunguru 1943, asi yaisanganisira matangi eToldi neTuran. Pfuti shanu dzekutanga "Zriny II" dzakakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano muna Nyamavhuvhu. Nekuda kwekuderera kwehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kweZrynia II, mauto ekutanga negumi chete epfuti aive akashongedzerwa zvakakwana, battalion yechinomwe yekurova pfuti yaive yakashongedzerwa nemakanon eGerman StuG III G, uye imwe yuniti yeHungary yakagamuchira pfuti dzeGerman dzinozvimhanyisa Hetzer. . Nekudaro, semuuto reGerman, zvikamu zvepfuti dzekurova zvaive chikamu chemauto ehondo.

Hungarian, kwete mauto ane zvombo.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakava pachena kuti tekinoroji nyowani ine zvipingamupinyi zvine chekuita nekukanganisa kwekugadzira. Nokudaro, zvakarongwa kugadzirisa pasi pengoro yeTuran tangi yekuisa pfuti ye75-mm. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Turan III inofanira kunge yakasikwa. Zvakanga zvakarongwawo kushandura Toldi kuita muparadzi wetangi nekuisa chiGerman 40 mm Pak 75 anti-tank pfuti pane yakavhurika yakavhurika hull superstructure. Zvisinei, hapana chakabuda pazvirongwa izvi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, Weiss Manfred akanyorwa seayo aifanira kuvandudza uye kuisa mukugadzirwa kwemuenzaniso mutsva weTas tank, pamwe chete nepfuti inozvifambisa yakavakirwa pairi. Vagadziri nevagadziri vainyanya kuvimba nemagadzirirwo eGerman - iyo Panther tank uye Jagdpanther tank muparadzi.

Boka reHungary, rinotsigirwa nematangi eToldi, rinoyambuka rwizi richitevedza zambuko rakaparadzwa; 1944

Tangi yeHungarian Tas yaifanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa nekanoni yakagadzirwa neHungary, kunyanya kopi yePanther cannon, uye pfuti inozvifambisa yaifanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa ne88-mm cannon, yakafanana neGerman Tiger tank. aiva nezvombo. . Iyo yakapedzwa prototype yeTas tank yakaparadzwa panguva yekubhomba kweUS muna Chikunguru 27, 1944 uye haina kuzomboiswa mukugadzirwa.

Kunyangwe pamberi pekupinda zviri pamutemo kweHungary muhondo uye munguva yehondo, hurumende yeHungary nemauto vakaedza kuwana rezinesi kubva kumaGerman kugadzira tangi yemazuva ano. Muna 1939-1940, nhaurirano dzakanga dzichiitwa kutenga rezinesi yePzKpfw IV, asi maGermany haana kuda kubvumirana neizvi. Muna 1943, mubatsiri weGermany akazozvipira kutengesa rezinesi reiyi tangi modhi. VaHungary vakanzwisisa kuti uyu waive muchina wakavimbika, "bhiza rePanzerwaffe", asi vakafunga kuti dhizaini yakareruka. Apa vakaramba. Mukudzoka, vakaedza kuwana mvumo yokugadzira tangi idzva, Panther, asi zvakashaya basa.

Chete muhafu yekutanga ya1944, apo mamiriro ezvinhu kumberi akachinja zvakanyanya, maGerman akabvuma kutengesa rezinesi rePanther tank, asi mukudzoka vakada huwandu hwenyeredzi hwemamiriyoni 120 ringgits (anenge 200 miriyoni pengő). Nzvimbo iyo matangi aya aigona kugadzirwa zvakare yakawedzera kunetsa. Kumberi kwaiswedera pedyo nemiganhu yeHungary mazuva ose. Nechikonzero ichi, Hungarian armored units aifanira kuvimba midziyo yavo uye midziyo yakapiwa neGermany mubatsiri.

Mukuwedzera, kubva munaKurume 1944, kupatsanurwa kwevacheche nguva dzose kwakasimbiswa nekatatu-mabhatiri kupatsanurwa kwepfuti dzinozvifambisa (zvisinei nekuvapo kwechikwata chemotokari chakashongedzwa muhondo yekuzivisa).

Varwi veHungary panguva yekudzoka vanoshandisa tangi yeTuran II; matsutso 1944

Kutora rutivi kweHungary muhondo hakuna kumbozivikanwa zvikuru munzanga. Saka Regent Horthy akatanga nhaurirano dzakavanzika neveAllies kuti vabve muhondo yairamba ichinyanya kufarirwa uye kusaina runyararo rwekuparadzanisa. Berlin akawana zviito izvi, uye musi waMarch 19, 1944, Operation Margaret yakatanga. Admiral Horthy akaiswa muhusungwa, uye hurumende yezvidhori yakatora simba munyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzirwa kwematangi euto reHungary kwakapedzwa. Nekumanikidzwa kubva kuGermany, murairo weHungary wakatumira mauto nevakuru ve150 veHondo yekutanga (mukuru: General Lajos Veress von Dalnoki) kuti vadzike mukaha wemutsetse wekumabvazuva wakamuka kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUkraine, mujinga meCarpathians. Akanga ari chikamu Army Group "Northern Ukraine" (mukuru: Field Marshal Walter Model).

MaGermany akatanga kurongazve uto reHungary. Dzimbahwe repamusoro rakaparadzwa, uye mapoka matsva ekuchengetedza akatanga kugadzirwa. Pakazara, muna 1944-1945, maGermany akapa Hungary ne72 PzKpfw IV H matangi (52 muna 1944 uye 20 muna 1945), 50 StuG III G pfuti (1944), 75 Hetzer tank vaparadzi (1944-1945), uyewo 13 sehuwandu hudiki hwematangi ePantera G, ayo angave aine manomwe (zvichida akati wandei), uye Tygrys, iyo iyo Hungarian armored mota dzakagamuchira, pamwe 1 zvidimbu. Yakanga iri nekuda kwekugoverwa kwezvombo zvehondo zveGermany izvo simba rekurwisana re2st uye XNUMXnd Panzer Divisions rakawedzerwa. Mukuwedzera kune matangi ekugadzirwa kwavo pachavo Turan I neTuran II, vakanga vakagadzirirwa neGermany PzKpfw III M uye PzKpfw IV H. VaHungarian vakagadzirawo zvikamu zvisere zvezvipfuti zvakagadzirirwa neGermany StuG III uye Hungarian Zrinyi pfuti.

Pakutanga 1944, uto Hungarian aiva 66 Toldi I uye II matangi uye 63 Toldi IIa matangi. Hungarian 1st Cavalry Division yakatumirwa kunorwisa vatsigiri vekumabvazuva kwePoland, asi panzvimbo pacho yaifanira kudzoreredza kurwiswa kweRed Army panguva yeOperation Bagration sechikamu cheArmy Group Center. Munguva yekudzoka kubva kuKletsk kuenda kuBrest-on-Bug, chikamu chakarasikirwa ne84 Turan uye 5 Toldi matangi. MaGermany akasimbisa kupatsanurwa nebhatiri reMarder ndokuitumira kunharaunda yeWarsaw. MunaSeptember 1944, 1st Cavalry Division yakatumirwa kuHungary uye 1st Hussars yakatora nzvimbo yayo.

Turan II matangi echikamu chechipiri cheHungary; 2

Hondo yekutanga, yakatumirwa kumberi, yaisanganisira yechipiri Panzer Division (mukuru: Colonel Ferenc Oshtavits) uye itsva 1st Assault Gun Battalion. Nguva pfupi vasvika kumberi, 2nd Panzer Division yakatanga kurwisa mitsetse yeSoviet kuitira kuti itore nzvimbo dzekuzvidzivirira. Munguva yekurwira chinzvimbo chinotsanangurwa senzvimbo yekusimbisa 1, maHungarian Turanians akarwa neSoviet T-2/514 matangi. Kurwiswa kwemauto akashonga eHungary akatanga masikati e34 Kubvumbi. Nenguva isipi, matangi eHungarian Turan II akadhumhana neT-85/17, achimhanyira kunobatsira mauto eSoviet. VaHungary vakakwanisa kuparadza vaviri vavo, vamwe vose vakadzokera. Kusvikira manheru eApril 34, mauto echikwata akaenderera mberi nenzira dzakawanda pamaguta eNadvirna, Solotvina, Delatin neKolomyia. Ivo uye 85th Infantry Division vakakwanisa kusvika njanji Stanislavov - Nadvorna.

Pasinei nekupikisa kwakasimba kweSoviet 351st uye 70th Infantry Divisions, yakatsigirwa nematangi mashomanana e27th uye 8th Armored Brigades pakutanga kwekurwisa, 18th Reserve Hungarian Division yakatora Tysmenich. Iyo 2nd Mountain Rifle Brigade yakawanawo budiriro, kutora zvakare iyo yakamborasika Delatin kubapiro rekurudyi. Musi waApril 18, vakunda hondo yetangi yeNadvirna, vaHungary vakadzingirira uye vakasundidzira shure vachitevedza mupata wePrut kuenda kuKolomyia. Zvisinei, vakakundikana kutora guta rakanga rakasindimara rakadzivirirwa. Kubudirira kweSoviet kwaive kwakanyanya. Uyezve, musi waApril 20, 16th Infantry Division yakayambuka mvura yakazvimba yeBystrica ndokupfigira uto reSoviet muhomwe duku pedyo neOttyn. Masoja mazana mashanu akabatwa, pfuti dzinorema makumi matatu nepfuti gumi nenomwe dzakatorwa; dzimwe nomwe dzeT-500/30 dzakaparadzwa dzichishanda. VaHungary vakarasikirwa nevanhu zana chete. Zvakangodaro, kufora kwavo kwakamiswa kubva kuKolomyia.

MunaEpril 1944, 1st Assault Gun Battalion pasi pemurairo weCaptain M. Jozsef Barankay, uyo ane Zrinya II pfuti akaita zvakanaka. Musi waApril 22, 16th Rifle Division yakarwiswa nematangi e27th Tank Brigade. Pfuti dzinozvifambisa dzakapinda muhondo, dzichiparadza 17 T-34/85 matangi uye kubvumira mauto kuti atore Khelbichin-Lesny.

self-propelled pfuti "Zrinyi II" nevacheche pakudzivirira; mukupera kwezhizha 1944

Kugumburwa kwaApril kwe1 Army kwakazadzisa basa rayo guru - kupinza pasi mauto eSoviet. Yakamanikidzawo Red Army kuita mamwe mayuniti munzvimbo yeKolomyia. Kuenderera mberi kwemutsara wepamberi kwakadzorerwa. Zvisinei, mutengo wakabhadharwa nokuda kweizvi ne1st Army wakanga wakakwirira. Izvi zvaive chokwadi chechipiri Panzer Division, iyo yakarasikirwa nematangi masere eTurán I, matangi mapfumbamwe eTuran II, Toldi mana, pfuti ina dzeNimrod uye mota mbiri dzeCsaba. Mamwe matangi akawanda akakuvadzwa kana kuputsika uye aifanira kudzorerwa kuti agadziriswe. Chikamu chakarasikirwa ne2% yematangi ayo kwenguva yakareba. Matangi emuHungary akakwanisa kuchengeta matangi evavengi makumi maviri nemanomwe, mazhinji acho aive T-80/27 uye kanenge M34 Sherman. Kunyange zvakadaro, 85nd Panzer Division haana kukwanisa kutora Kolomyia, kunyange nerutsigiro rwemamwe mauto Hungarian.

Naizvozvo, kurwiswa kwakabatana kwemauto eHungary neGerman kwakarongwa, kwakatanga husiku hwaApril 26-27 uye kwakagara kusvika May 2, 1944. boka rechi73 rematangi anorema, richitungamirirwa nakaputeni, rakatora rutivi mariri. Rolf Fromme. Mukuwedzera kune matangi eGermany, 19th squadron yaLieutenant Erwin Schildey (kubva ku503rd yekambani yechipiri yeuto rechitatu rehondo) yakabatanidzwa muhondo, inosanganisira matangi manomwe eTuran II. Pakapera kurwa muna Chivabvu 2, kambani, iyo yaisanganisira 3rd squadron, yakadzoserwa kumashure pedyo neNadvirna.

Hondo dze2nd Panzer Division kubva Kubvumbi 17 kusvika Chivabvu 13, 1944 dzakasvika: 184 vakaurayiwa, 112 vakashaika uye 999 vakakuvadzwa. Chiuto chetatu chepfuti chakarasikirwa zvakanyanya, mauto zana nemapurisa aifanira kubviswa kubva mukuumbwa kwayo. Vakuru vemauto eGermany vakarwa pamwe chete neboka rezvombo zveHungary vakafadzwa noushingi hwevabatsiri vavo. Kubvuma kwaifanira kuve kwechokwadi, sezvo Marshal Walter Model, mukuru weNorthern Ukraine Army Group, akaraira kuti michina iendeswe ku3 Panzer Division, kusanganisira akati wandei StuG III pfuti dzekurova, gumi PzKpfw IV H matangi uye gumi Tigers (gare gare kwaivepo. vamwe vatatu). Matanki eHungary akapinda muchikamu chipfupi chekudzidzisa kumashure kweEastern Front. Matangi akaenda kukambani yechitatu ye1000 battalion. Iyo yekupedzisira iri padanho ne2nd squadron yaLieutenant Erwin Shielday uye 10rd squadron yeCaptain S. Janos Vedress.

Matangi "Tiger" akapinda muchikamu ichi nechikonzero. Shields, ace wemauto akashongedzerwa eHungary, aive ne15 dzakaparadza mota dzevavengi nepfuti gumi nembiri. Kambani yake yakagamuchirawo matangi ePantera, PzKpfw IV uye Turán II. Lieutenant ndiye akatanga kutungamira platoon yake ine "tiger" shanu mukurwisa. Musi waChivabvu 15, 2nd Panzer Division yaive nematangi matatu ePanther uye mana eTiger matangi akachengetwa. Panthers vaive mu2nd Battalion ye23rd Tangi Regiment. Pakazosvika May 26, nhamba yevekupedzisira yakawedzera kusvika 10. Muna June, pakanga pasina Tigers muchikamu. Kubva munaChikunguru 11 chete, matangi matanhatu anoshanda emhando iyi anodzoka, uye munaChikunguru 16 - manomwe. Mumwedzi iwoyo, mamwe matatu "Tigers" akaendeswa kune vaHungary, nekuda kwekuti nhamba yose yemotokari dzakaendeswa nemaGermany yakawedzera kusvika 13. Kusvikira vhiki yechipiri yaJuly, vashandi veHungarian "Tigers" vakakwanisa. paradza ina T-34/85s, akati wandei anti-tank pfuti, uye zvakare kubvisa akati wandei mabunkers uye matura ezvombo. Kurwisana kwenzvimbo kwakapfuurira.

Muna Chikunguru, 1st Mauto akaiswa muCarpathians, muYavornik massif, munzvimbo yakakosha pamberi peTatarka Pass muGorgany. Pasinei nekutsigirwa kwenyika nguva dzose, haina kukwanisa kubata kunyange 150-kilomita chikamu chekumabvazuva, iyo yaiva pfupi kune mamiriro eEastern Front. Kurova kwe1st Ukrainian Front kwakatamira kuLvov neSandomierz. Musi waChikunguru 23, Red Army yakatanga kurwisa nzvimbo dzeHungary. Mushure memazuva matatu ekurwa kunotyisa, vaHungary vaifanira kudzoka. Mazuva matatu gare gare, munzvimbo yemugwagwa mukuru unoenda kuguta reNadvorna, imwe yeHungarian "Tigers" yakaparadza mbiru yeSoviet uye yakarwisa pachayo, iyo yakaparadza matangi masere evavengi. pfuti dzakawanda uye marori akawanda. Vashandi vepfuti Istvan Lavrenchik akapiwa Menduru yeGoridhe "For Courage". Vamwe vese vevashandi ve "Tiger" vakakundawo.

Kuenzanisa kwetangi reTuran II neM.44 Tas heavy tank project; 1945

Kurwiswa kwakaitwa neHungarian Tigers kuchamhembe kweCherneev kwakabvisa njodzi kubva kuStanislavov, zvirinani panguva iyoyo. Zuva rakatevera, July 24, mauto eSoviet akarwisa zvakare ndokupaza kudzivirirwa. Kurwisa kwe "tiger" dzeHungary hakuna kubatsira. 3rd kambani kaputeni. Miklos Mathiashi, asina chaaigona kuita kunze kwekunonotsa kufambira mberi kwemauto eSoviet uye kuvhara kudzoka kwake. Lieutenant Shieldday akabva akunda kukunda kwake kwakakurumbira paBattle of Hill 514 pedyo neguta reSturnia. Iyo "Tiger", yakarairwa nemukuru weplatoon, pamwe nemumwe muchina werudzi urwu, yakaparadza 14 mota dzevavengi munguva isingasviki hafu yeawa. Kurwisa kweSoviet, uko kwakapfuurira kutozosvikira mazuva okutanga aAugust, kwakamanikidza vaHungary kuti vadzoke vachienda kumutsara weHunyade (chikamu cheNorth Carpathian chemuganhu weHungary). Hondo yeHungary yakarasikirwa nevakuru nemasoja zviuru makumi matatu muhondo idzi.

kuurayiwa, kukuvadzwa uye kushaikwa.

Mushure mekusimbiswa nezvikamu zviviri zveGermany, mutsara wekudzivirira wakabatwa pasinei nekurwiswa kwevavengi kakawanda, kunyanya Dukla Pass. Munguva yehondo idzi, vashandi veHungary vaifanira kuridza "Tigers" nomwe nekuda kwezvinetso zvehutano uye kusakwanisa kuzvigadzirisa mukudzokera. Matangi matatu chete akagadzirira kurwa akabviswa. Mishumo yaNyamavhuvhu ye2 Panzer Division yakataura kuti pakanga pasina kana Tiger yakagadzirira kurwa panguva iyoyo, chinyorwa chimwe chete chakataura matangi matatu erudzi urwu akange asati agadzirira uye kusavapo kwechero Panthers. Izvo hazvireve kuti iyo yekupedzisira yakanga isipo zvachose. Musi waSeptember 14, Panthers shanu dzakaratidzwa zvakare mumamiriro ekushanda. Pana September 30, nhamba iyoyo yakaderedzwa kusvika kumbiri.

Zvikepe zveGermany neHungarian patangi rinorema "Tiger" yeuto reHungary; 1944

Romania payakapinda muUSSR musi wa23 Nyamavhuvhu 1944, chinzvimbo chevaHungary chakatonyanya kuoma. Hondo yeHungary yakamanikidzwa kuita hurongwa hwakazara uye kuita nhevedzano yekurwisa mauto eRomania kuitira kuti vabate mutsetse weCarpathians. Musi waSeptember 5, 2nd Panzer Division yakatora chikamu muhondo nevaRomania pedyo neguta reTorda. Musi waNyamavhuvhu 9, iyo 3rd Panzer Regiment ye2 Panzer Division yaive nepfuti gumi nemana Toldi I, 14 Turan I, 40 Turan II, 14 PzKpfw III M, 10 PzKpfw IV H, gumi StuG III G pfuti dzekurova uye gumi nemana matangi. Vamwe vatatu vaionekwa sevasina kukodzera kurwa.

MunaGunyana, munhoroondo yeboka reLieutenant Shieldai nechikwata, kune matangi ePanther, asi hapana Tiger. Mushure mekurasikirwa kwese "Tigers", kunyanya nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehunyanzvi uye kushaikwa kwemafuta panguva yekuvhara kudzoka kwezvikamu zveHungary, "Panthers" yakaunzwa kwaari. Muna Gumiguru, nhamba yePanthers yakawedzera netangi imwe kusvika kune matatu. Motokari idzi dzakashandiswawo zvakanaka. Vashandi vavo, nekudzidziswa kushoma, vakakwanisa kuparadza matangi gumi nematanhatu eSoviet, 16 anti-tank pfuti, matendere makumi maviri epfuti dzinorema, uye vakakunda mauto maviri evacheche uye bhatiri reatillery rocket launchers. Dzimwe pfuti dzakadonhedzwa zvakananga nematangi aShildi paakapwanya mitsetse yeSoviet. Chikamu chekutanga chePanzer chakatora chikamu muhondo dzeAradhi kubva 23 Gunyana kusvika 20 Gumiguru. Pakati paSeptember, Red Army yakapinda muhondo pane iyi chikamu chepamberi.

Pakupera kwaSeptember 1944, Hungary, chipingamupinyi chekupedzisira munzira inoenda kumuganhu wezasi weGermany, yakatyisidzirwa zvakananga nekufambira mberi kweRed Army kubva kumativi matatu. Iyo yekuvhuvhuta yeSoviet-Romanian inogumbura, kunyangwe nekushandiswa kwese zvakachengetwa nevaHungarian, haina kunamatira muCarpathians. Munguva yehondo dzinotyisa paAradhi (Gunyana 25 - Gumiguru 8), Hungarian 1st Panzer Division, yakatsigirwa ne7th Assault Gun Battalion, yakaparadza zvinopfuura zana zvehondo dzeSoviet. Vashandi vezvombo zvepfuti vakakwanisa kukwereta 100 T-67/34 matangi kuakaunti yavo, uye mamwe gumi nemaviri emhando iyi yakanyorwa seyakakuvadzwa kana kuparadzwa.

Zvikwata zveMarshal Malinovsky zvakayambuka muganhu weHungary musi waOctober 5, 1944. Zuva rakatevera racho, mauto mashanu eSoviet, kusanganisira mumwe akanga ane zvombo, akatanga kurwisa Budapest. Mauto eHungary akaomesa musoro. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekurwisa paRwizi rweTisza, Lieutenant Sandor Söke's 7th Assault Gun Battalion, achitsigirwa neboka diki revacheche nemapurisa echiuto, akarasikirwa zvakanyanya kune vacheche uye akaparadza kana kubatwa T-34 /. 85 matangi, pfuti dzinozvifambisa SU-85, pfuti dzinorwisa matangi matatu, pfuti ina, pfuti gumi dzinorema, 10 vatakuri uye rori, gumi motokari kunze kwemugwagwa.

Dzimwe nguva vashandi vepfuti vairatidzira ushingi kunyange vasina kudzivirirwa nenhumbi dzokurwa dzemotokari dzavo. Matangi mana kubva ku10th Assault Gun Battalion pasi pekuraira kweCPR. Jozsef Buzhaki akaita mutsara kuseri kwemitsara yevavengi, kwaakapedza inopfuura vhiki. Vakaunganidza ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pemasimba uye zvirongwa zvemuvengi, uye izvi zvese nekurasikirwa kwemunhu akafa. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwomunharaunda hakuna kukwanisa kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa kumberi.

Muhafu yechipiri yaGumiguru, maNazi eHungary kubva kuArrow Cross Party (Nyilaskeresztesek - Hungarian National Socialist Party) yeFerenc Salas yakatanga kutonga muHungary. Vakabva vangorayira kuti vaunganidze uye vakawedzera kutambudza kwavo vaJudha, avo vakanga vambofarikanya rusununguko rwakati. Varume vose vaiva pakati pemakore gumi nemaviri kusvika ku12 vakashevedzwa kuhondo. Nenguva isipi vaHungarian vakaisa mumaoko eGermany mapoka mana matsva. Mauto enguva dzose eHungary akaderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvakaita dzimbahwe remapoka. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvikamu zvitsva zvakasanganiswa zveGermany-Hungary zvakanga zvichiumbwa. Iro dzimbahwe repamusoro rakabviswa uye mapoka matsva ekuchengetedza akagadzirwa.

Musi waGumiguru 10-14, 1944, boka revatasvi vemabhiza veGeneral Piev kubva ku2 Ukrainian Front, vachifambira mberi paDebrecen, vakagurwa neFretter-Pico Army Group (German 6th neHungary 3rd Armies), kunyanya chikamu chekutanga cheHussar, 1st. Armored Division. division uye 1th Infantry Division. Mauto aya akarasikirwa neNyiregyhaza musi wa 20 Gumiguru, asi guta rakatorwazve musi wa 22 Gumiguru. VaHungary vakatumira zvikamu zvese zviripo kumberi. Iwo maconvalescents pachavo akazvipira kudzivirira nyika yavo, sezvo akakuvadzwa kaviri ace yemotokari dzehondo dzeHungary, Lieutenant Erwin Shieldey, akasimbirira kuti arambe ari muchikwata. Musi wa26 Gumiguru, kumaodzanyemba kweTisapolgar, chikwata chake, kana kuti iye pachake ari pamusoro, akaparadza matangi maviri eT-25/34 nepfuti mbiri dzakazvifambisa mukurwisana, uye zvakare akaparadza kana kutora pfuti nhanhatu dzinorwisa tank uye pfuti nhatu. . Mazuva mashanu gare gare, boka revarwi, richiri munzvimbo imwe cheteyo, rakanga rakakombwa nevarwi veRed Army usiku. Zvisinei, akakwanisa kutiza kubva pakakomberedzwa. Matangi eHungary nepfuti dzekurova, dzakatsigirwa nevacheche, dzakaparadza battalion yeSoviet muhondo pabani. Munguva yehondo iyi, Pantera Shieldaya yakarohwa nepfuti inorwisa tank kubva kure nemamita 85 chete. Kuenderera mberi nekugumbura, maHungary akashamisa bhatiri reSoviet artillery pakufamba ndokuiparadza.

Kurwiswa kweBudapest kwaive kwehunyanzvi hwekuita uye propaganda kukosha kwaStalin. Kurwisa kwakatanga muna Gumiguru 30, 1944, uye munaNovember 4, makoramu akati wandei eSoviet akasvika kumucheto kweguta guru reHungary. Zvisinei, kuedza kukurumidza kutora guta kwakakundikana. MaGerman nemaHungary, vachitora mukana wenguva yekuzorora, vakawedzera mitsetse yavo yekudzivirira. Musi waDecember 4, mauto eSoviet aifamba achibva kumaodzanyemba akasvika Lake Balaton, seri kweguta guru reHungary. Panguva ino Marshal Malinovsky akarwisa guta kubva kuchamhembe.

Hungarian neGermany zvikamu zvakagoverwa kudzivirira guta guru reHungary. SS Obergruppenführer Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch akaraira uto reBudapest. Zvikamu zvikuru zveHungary zvaive: I Corps (1st Armored Division, 10th Infantry Division (yakavhenganiswa), 12th Reserve Infantry Division uye 20th Infantry Division), Bilnitzer Artillery Assault Battle Group (1st Battalion armored cars, 6th, 8th uye 9th mauto ehondo. ), 1st hussar division (mamwe mayuniti) uye 1st, 7th uye 10th kurwisa artillery battalions. Pfuti dzekurova dzakatsigira vadziviriri, pamwe nemapoka emapurisa ainyatsoziva guta uye aive neL3 / 35 tankettes kwavari. Iwo maGerman mayuniti eBudapest garrison ndiwo anonyanya kuve maIX SS emakomo. Paiva nevarwi 188 000 vakakombwa.

Iyo chete huru Hungarian armored unit ichiri kushanda yaive yechipiri Panzer Division. Akarwa kumberi kumadokero kweBudapest, mumakomo eVertes. Nenguva isipi akanga ava kutama kuti aponese guta racho. Mapoka ezvombo zveGermany aifanirawo kumhanyira kunonunura. Hitler akasarudza kubvisa 2th SS Panzer Corps kubva munharaunda yeWarsaw ndokuitumira kuHungarian kumberi. Yaifanira kubatanidzwa neyechi1945 SS Panzer Corps. Chinangwa chavo chaiva chokusunungura guta rakanga rakakombwa. Muna Ndira XNUMX, SS Panzer Corps yakaedza katatu kupinda muguta rakakombwa reHungary kumadokero kweBudapest.

Kurwiswa kwekutanga kwakatanga husiku hwaNdira 2, 1945 pachikamu cheDunalmas-Banchida. Iyo 6th SS Panzer Corps yakatumirwa nerutsigiro rwe3rd Mauto eGeneral Hermann Balck, huwandu hwezvikamu zvinomwe zve panzer uye mapoka maviri emota, kusanganisira akasarudzwa: yechishanu SS Panzer Division Totenkopf uye yechipiri SS Panzer Division. Viking, pamwe ne5st Hungarian Panzer Division, yakatsigirwa nemauto maviri ematangi anorema eTiger II. Boka rekuvhunduka rakakurumidza kupaza pamberi, rakadzivirirwa ne2th Guards Rifle Corps, uye rakanyura mukudzivirira kwe31th Guards Army kusvika pakadzika makiromita 4-27. Pakanga pane dambudziko. Anti-tank dziviriro mapoinzi akasiiwa asina rutsigiro rwevacheche uye aive akakomberedzwa zvishoma kana zvachose. Apo maGermany akasvika munharaunda yeTatabanya, pakanga pane tyisidziro chaiyoiyo yokufambira mberi kwavo kuBudapest. MaSoviet akakanda mamwe mapoka mukurwisa, matangi 31, pfuti 210 uye dhaka zvakashandiswa kuvatsigira. Nekuda kweizvi, manheru aNdira 1305, kurwiswa kweGerman kwakamiswa.

Sezvo vakundikana munharaunda ye31st Guards Rifle Corps, murairo weGermany wakasarudza kupinda muBudapest kuburikidza nezvinzvimbo zve20th Guards Rifle Corps. Nokuda kweizvi, zvikamu zviviri zveSS Panzer uye chikamu cheHungarian 2nd Panzer Division yakaiswa. Manheru aJanuary 7, kurwisa kweGerman-Hungary kwakatanga. Pasinei nekupa kurasikirwa kukuru kumauto eSoviet, kunyanya mumotokari dzine zvombo, kuedza kwese kusunungura guta guru reHungary kwakaguma nekukundikana. Boka remauto "Balk" rakakwanisa kutorazve musha weSzekesfehervar chete. Pakazosvika January 22, akasvika kuDanube uye akanga asingasviki makiromita 30 kubva kuBudapest.

The Army Group "South", iyo yakatora nzvimbo kubva December 1944, yaisanganisira: German 8th Army kuchamhembe Transdanubian Territory; Mauto Boka "Balk" (6th German Army uye 2nd Hungarian Corps) kuchamhembe Lake Balaton; 2nd Panzer Mauto nerutsigiro rwe1945 Hungarian Corps kumaodzanyemba kweTransdanubian Territory. MuArmy Group Balk, yeGermany LXXII Army Corps yakarwa neSt. Laszlo Division uye zvakasara zve6th Armored Division. MunaFebruary 20, mauto aya akatsigirwa ne15th SS Panzer Army, ine zvikamu zvitatu zvepanzer. XNUMXth Assault Gun Battalion pasi pekuraira kwaMajor. József Henkey-Hing ndiyo yaive chikamu chekupedzisira cherudzi urwu muuto reHungary. Akatora chikamu muOperation Spring Awakening neXNUMX Hetzer tank vaparadzi. Sechikamu chekushanda uku, mauto aya aifanira kutorazve kutonga kweminda yeoiri yeHungary.

Pakati paMarch 1945, kurwisa kwekupedzisira kweGermany paLake Balaton kwakakundwa. Red Army yakanga ichipedzisa kukunda kweHungary. Hondo yake yepamusoro yakaputsa kudzivirirwa kweHungary neGermany mumakomo eVertesz, ichisundira German 6th SS Panzer Army kumadokero. Nekuomerwa kukuru, zvakakwanisika kubvisa bhiriji reGerman-Hungarian paGran, rakatsigirwa zvakanyanya nemauto e3rd Army. Pakati paKurume, Mauto Boka reMaodzanyemba rakaenderera mberi nekudzivirira: Hondo yechisere yakatora zvinzvimbo kuchamhembe kweDanube, uye Army Group Balk, ine 8th Army ne6th Army, yakatora nzvimbo kumaodzanyemba kwayo munzvimbo kuenda kuLake. Balaton Tank Mauto SS, pamwe nevasara veHungarian 6rd Army. Maodzanyemba kweLake Balaton, zvinzvimbo zvakabatwa nezvikamu zve3nd Panzer Army. Pazuva iro mauto eSoviet akatanga kurwisa Vienna, nzvimbo huru dzeGerman neHungary dzakadzika 2 kusvika 5 km.

Pamutsetse mukuru wekufambira mberi kweRed Army kwaive zvikamu zve23rd Hungarian Corps uye 711th yeGerman SS Panzer Corps, iyo yaisanganisira: 96th Hungarian Infantry Division, 1st uye 6th Infantry Division, 3rd Hungarian Hussar Division, 5th Panzer. Division, yechipiri SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf", 2th SS Panzer Division "Viking" uye 94st Hungarian Panzer Division, pamwe nenhamba yemauto maduku nemapoka ehondo, anowanzosiiwa kubva pane zvakamboparadzwa muhondo. Uto iri raive nemauto mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe evacheche uye ane mota ane pfuti mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe. MaGerman nemaHungarian aivewo nematangi gumi nepfuti.

Musi waMarch 16, 1945, Red Army yakarova nemauto e46th Army, 4th uye 9th Guards Army, iyo yaifanira kusvika kuDanube pedyo neguta reEsztergom nokukurumidza. Ichi chechipiri chekushanda chiumbwa chine vashandi vakazara nemidziyo chakangogadzirwa kuti chirove pazvikamu zve431st SS Panzer Corps munzvimbo iri pakati pekugara kweSzekesfehervar - Chakberen. Maererano neSoviet data, zvitunha zvaive nepfuti 2 uye howitzer. Boka rake rehondo rakange rakaita seizvi: kuruboshwe rwechishanu rweHungary Panzer Division (zvikamu zvina, 5 artillery mabhatiri uye 4 Turan II matangi), pakati - ye16 SS Panzer Division "Tontenkopf", uye kurudyi bapiro - 3th Panzer Division. SS Panzer Division Viking. Sekusimbisa, zvitunha zvakagamuchira 5th Assault Brigade nepfuti makumi mapfumbamwe nemanomwe uye mamwe akati wandei ekutsigira.

Musi waKurume 16, 1945, yechipiri neyechitatu yeUkraine Fronts yakarwisa 2th SS Panzer Mauto neBalk Army Group, yakabata Szombathely munaKurume 3, uye Sopron musi wa6 Kubvumbi. Husiku hwaKurume 29-1, kurwisa kweSoviet mhiri kweDanube kwakapwanya mitsetse yekudzivirira yevaGerman neHungarian pamutsetse weBalaton-Lake Velences, pedyo neEsztergom. Zvakazoitika kuti Hungarian 21nd Panzer Division yakatambura zvakanyanya kurasikirwa nemoto unorema wepfuti. Mauto ake haana kukwanisa kubata zvigaro zvavo, uye mauto eRed Army akakwanisa kutora guta reChakberen nyore nyore. Mauto eGerman reserve akamhanya kuzobatsira, asi zvakashaya basa. Dzakanga dziri duku zvikuru kuti dzimise kurwisa kweSoviet kunyange kwenguva pfupi. Mamwe bedzi amativi ayo, nechinetso chikuru uye kunyange kurasikirwa kukuru zvikuru, akapukunyuka munhamo. Kufanana nemamwe mauto ose eHungary neGermany, vakanga vakananga kumadokero. Musi waKubvumbi 22, Boka reMauto Balk rakasvika kumiganhu yeAustria, uko rakakurumidza kukundwa.