Zvifambiso zvendege munyika muna 2019
Gore rapfuura, zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, huwandu hwekufambisa kwemhepo pamunhu wese hwakakwira ne4,2%, nepo kutakura zvinhu kwakadzikira ne3,3%.
Gore rakapera, ndege dzepasi rose dzakatakura vanhu 4,5 bhiriyoni uye 61,3 miriyoni matani emitoro. Ndege dzezvekufambiswa kwemashoko dzakaita 38,9 miriyoni ndege, dzichishandisa 363 bhiriyoni marita emafuta emadhora zana nemakumi masere nemasere emadhora. Ndege huru dzevafambi dzakaitwa ne: American Airlines Group (188 miriyoni), Delta Air Lines, Southwest neUnited Airlines; uye kutakura zvinhu: FedEx Express (215,2 bhiriyoni tkm), Qatar Airways, UPS Airlines uye Emirates Airline. Ndege dzakagadzira $17,5 bhiriyoni mumari yemari kubva mukushanda kwegore rapfuura. uye yakasvika $838 bhiriyoni net profit.
Kutakura nendege ndiro gotwe uye rinonyanya kusimukira bazi rekutakura. Kumhanya kwepamusoro, kunyaradza kwendege, mitengo yetikiti yakaderedzwa, pamwe nekutevedzera zvinodiwa kwezvakatipoteredza (ruzha uye kubuda kwemhepo) ndiyo nzira huru yechiitiko ichi. Kuchengetedzeka kwendege, inova ndiyo mamiriro makuru ekusimudzira, inoda kugara ichivandudzwa zvezvikepe uye kuwedzera kwepasi-based navigation system uye nhandare yendege. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoda vashandi vanokwanisa uye mari yakakwirira yemari. Ndege dzinogara dzichitongwa nevafambi, dzichiitwa zvisingaverengeki maitiro, uye zvinoenderana nevanopa monopolistic. Vanofanirawo kutarisana nezvinhu zvakawanda pasina kufurirwa nazvo, zvinosanganisira: kuchinja kwemitengo yemafuta uye mitengo yekuchinjana, kana kutyisidzira kwehugandanga.
Ndege hombe pasi rose, American Airlines Group, yakatakura vanhu vanosvika 215,2 miriyoni uye yakaita mabhiriyoni makumi mana neshanu emadhora pamari, kusanganisira bhiriyoni imwe nemazana mapfumbamwe emadhora. kubatsirwa. Mufananidzo ndeye B45,8-1,9 mune color scheme.
Kune ndege dzinopfuura zviuru zviviri pasi rose, chiuru chadzo chinoshandisa ndege dzevatyairi nguva dzose. Mabasa avo anounza mari yegore negore ye750-850 mabhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, uyewo anomiririra bhizinesi repasi rose rinokura zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana iyo mari inowanikwa kubva mukufamba nendege yaionekwa senyika inozvitonga, yaizotora 19th pakati penyika dzese pasirese maererano neGDP.
Sangano rinobatanidza vatakuri ndiro International Air Transport Association (IATA), yakavambwa muna 1945. Mahofisi makuru ari muMontreal neGeneva uye anobatanidza ndege huru dze290 kubva kunyika zana nemakumi maviri. Ivo vanoverengera 120% yetraffic yenyika, izvo zvinotibvumira kufunga nezve data resangano iri semumiriri wezvese kufambiswa kwendege. Basa rekutanga reIATA kusimudzira kwekufambisa kwemhepo munyika (maererano nemisimboti yekuchengetedza uye hupfumi), pamwe nekupihwa kweaviri-manhamba alphanumeric macode anosiyanisa mitsara uye anoshandiswa mu: matikiti masisitimu, matimetable uye. kutaurirana. Kodhi iyi chikamu chekutanga chenhamba yendege, semuenzaniso LO85 indege yePLL LOT kubva kuWarsaw kuenda kuKrakow uye LO3919 kuenda kuNew York/JFK. Kubva 26, ICAO yakapawo mavara matatu-madhizaini endege anonyanya kushandiswa mumasevhisi ekufambisa ndege, semuenzaniso, PLL LOT iLOT, Enter Air is ENT, uye Wizz Air iWZZ.
IATA Annual Report 2019
Mushumo wepagore weIATA unoratidza kuti vafambi vane 4550 miriyoni uye matani 61,3 miriyoni emutoro akatakurwa nendege gore rapfuura. Kuenzaniswa negore rapfuura, nhamba yevafambi yakawedzera nemamiriyoni zana nemakumi manomwe (170 - 2018 miriyoni nzira dzevatakuri), uye mitoro yakadzikira nemamiriyoni makumi matatu nemasere. Kuita mabasa ari pamusoro apa, boka rendege dzekufambisa mashoko dzakaita 4380 miriyoni ndege, dzichishandisa marita 2 bhiriyoni emafuta (mabhirioni 38,9 emarita) anokosha $363,4 bhiriyoni. Mamirioni maviri ematani eCO96 akaiswa mumhepo, iyo yaive mhedzisiro yepamusoro mumakore achangopfuura (188 - 914 miriyoni matani, 2 - 2018 miriyoni matani, 905 - 2017 miriyoni matani uye 860 - 2016 miriyoni matani). Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti chikamu chekufambisa kwemhepo mumhepo yepasi rose emissions haipfuure 812%, asi mumhepo yekumusoro, ndege dzekutaurirana ndeye "monopolist" mune izvi.
Zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, huwandu hwekufambisa kwemhepo pamunhu wese hwakakwira ne4,2%, kusanganisira 4,5% mumigwagwa yenyika. Ndege dzinobva kuAsia nePacific Islands (4,8%) neEurope dzakarekodha huwandu hwepamusoro hwevafambi, izvo zvave zvichiitika kwemakore akati wandei. MuNorth America, musika wakakura wendege, kukura kwetraffic kwaive pazasi peavhareji yepasi rose ye4,1%, ichitungamirwa nezvakati wandei zvinhu, kunyanya kukwirisa.
Chimwe chezvimiro zvinoratidzira hupfumi hwendege kugara kwezvigaro zvevatakuri, chinova chinhu chinotakura zvinhu (CF), chinoratidzwa sechikamu. Kwegore rapfuura, kukosha kwayo kwaiva 82,6%, iyo yakakosha zvikuru yakagamuchirwa nevatakuri kubva kuEurope (85,2%) neNorth America, uye yakaderera - kubva kuAfrica (71,7%) uye Middle East.
Muna 2019, 61,3 miriyoni matani ekutakura akatakurwa nemhepo, uye zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, tonnage yavo yakadzikira ne3,3% (63,3 miriyoni matani). Mitoro yepasi rese yakadzikira 3,9%, zvakanyanya nekuda kwemusika weAsia, uyo wakaita chibvumirano che5,7% (inoratidza "hondo yekutengeserana" irikuenderera mberi pakati peChina neUS). Nzvimbo dzinotevera dzakarekodhawo kudzikira kwakanyanya mumotokari sekuyerwa nekutakura kwekutakura kwakaitwa: Middle East (-4,8%), Europe (-1,8%) neNorth America. Mhedzisiro yakaipisisa mukutakura zvinhu gore rapfuura mhedzisiro yekudzikira kwehupfumi hwenyika, izvo zvakakonzera kudzikiswa kwekutakura zvinhu, pamwe nekutanga kwedenda reCCIDID-19 mukupera kwegore (maitiro asina kunaka akatangwa. nendege dzeAsia).
Dhigirii rekushandiswa kwenzvimbo inotakura ndege yeLF ndege (cargo load factor) yaive 69,5% uye yaive imwe yepamusoro (2018 - 67,3%, 2017 - 69,8%, 2016 - 68,3% uye 2015 - 68,3%). Vatakuri kubva kuAsia nePacific Islands neEurope vakawana mibairo yakanaka maererano nekuzadzwa kwehunyanzvi, nepo mhedzisiro yakaderera yakawanikwa muAfrica.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti hukuru hukuru hwekukura kwevatakuri uye kutakura zvinhu, hunosvika 4,9% uye 7,4%, zvichiteerana, hwakanyorwa pamitsara yeAfrica. Nekudaro, nekuda kwechigadziko chavo chepasi (cumulative share ye2%), iyi haisi mhedzisiro yakakosha pachiyero chepasi rose.
Gore rakapera, 4 bhiriyoni zvidimbu zvemikwende zvakatakurwa nevafambi. Zvose zvakaongororwa, zvakayerwa uye zvakaongororwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti avhareji uremu mukwende akatorwa muchikepe rwendo nhete-muviri ndege (eg Airbus A320) akanga anenge 3 matani; yakafara-muviri (somuenzaniso, Boeing 787) - 6 matani; uye hombe Airbus A380 - matani 10. Pamukwende wakawandisa, vendege vanobhadharisa mari dzakakodzera, dzinova dzinobva dzawedzera mari.
Ndege yakaramba ichiita zvakanaka muna 2019, ichichengetedza kuwedzera kwakadzikama kwetraffic pakatarisana nematambudziko mazhinji. Mamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika yose, kusasimba kwekutengeserana, uye kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika nezvematongerwo enyika kwakonzera kudzikira kwekudiwa kwekutakurwa kwendege. Kutarisirwa kwakaringana kwezvikepe zvendege dzekutengesa, nenhamba yakakosha yeBoeing 737MAX ndege yakavharwa, yakabatsira mukuwana rekodhi LF yekuzadza chinhu uku ichivandudza kuita kwezvakatipoteredza, akadaro IATA CEO Alexandre de Juniac, achipfupisa kuita kwegore rapfuura.
