Hydrogen kana magetsi chaiwo: ndeipi iri nani kune yako inotevera mwenje yekutengesa mota Ford Ranger, Toyota HiLux kana Renault Trafic?

Ford F-150 Mheni ichave imwe yekutanga-yemagetsi mota dziripo kutengwa, asi parizvino, ndeye US chete.

Kana zviri zvemotokari, mhepo dzekuchinja dziri kuvhuvhuta nesimba zuva nezuva. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunge vakatotenga mota yavo yekupedzisira yepeturu kana dhiziri vasingazive. Kune vamwe vedu, inyaya yekuti "rini", kwete "kana" tikafuratira injini dzinopisa mukati.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mimwe mibvunzo ichiripo. Mota dzemagetsi (EVs) dzakapfuura zvachose hydrogen mafuta cell emagetsi mota (FCEVs), iine mota dzemagetsi dzinofamba kubva kumotokari curiosities kuenda kuzvinhu zvechido chechokwadi mumakore gumi apfuura. Nekudaro, vagadziri vazhinji vachiri kubheja zvakakura kuti FCEVs ichave chikamu cheramangwana redu remotokari, uye vazhinji vavo vanoona hydrogen seyakanakisa simba sosi yemotokari dzekutengesa dzeramangwana.

Saka, mota yako inotevera yetani imwe kana vani yebasa ichange iine bhatiri hombe rakarembera pasi, kana kuti panzvimbo pacho ichatamba sero yezera remafuta uye tangi rehydrogen? Hapana chikonzero chekushamisika, nekuti zvitende kana kwete, ese emhando dzemota idzi ari padyo zvakanyanya neiyo showroom chokwadi kupfuura zvaungafunga.

bhatiri yemagetsi

Parizvino, ruzhinji rwevanhu rwunoziva nezve bhatiri mota dzemagetsi, zvakanakira nekuipira. Mota dzakaita seTesla Model S, Model 3 neNissan Leaf dzinonyanya kushanda nesimba pano, uye mumakore achangopfuura dzakabatanidzwa nemota dzakaita seHyundai Ioniq, Mercedes EQC, Jaguar I-Pace uye Audi E-Tron. Asi kusvika pari zvino, kwave nemotokari shoma dzemagetsi dzese dzekutengesa munyika ino.

Asi izvo, kunze kweiyo ichangoburwa zero-emission Fuso yevafambi mota, iyo Renault Kangoo ZE ndiyo yega bhiza remagetsi kubva kumugadziri mukuru ari kutengeswa muAustralia kusvika parizvino, uye kushandiswa kwave… kuganhurirwa kutaura zvishoma.

Chikonzero cheiyo imari inosvika zviuru makumi mashanu nemazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe emadhora isati yasvika mari yekufambisa uye mileage pfupi ye50,290 km. Tichifunga nezvechimiro chayo sekombi diki, mutengo-ku-payload reshiyo iri pazasi, uye hushoma huwandu pachaji imwe chete ihombe yekudzosera kune chimwe chinhu chinobhadhariswa semota yekutakurisa. Izvi zvinogona kuita zvine musoro mumaguta nemataundi akakora uye akatsikirirana eEurope, asi kwete zvakanyanya mumaguta makuru eAustralia - kunze kwekunge yaenda kure nekumba kwayo.

Asi kugadzira nzira harisi basa riri nyore, uye mamwe marori emagetsi anofanirwa kutevera nzira dzematayi eKangoo. KuUnited States, Ford F-150 Mheni yave kuda kurova showrooms uye inodada nemakiromita angangoita 540 km pa chargeji imwe chete, matani 4.5 esimba rekudhonza, 420 kW simba, 1050 Nm ye torque uye kugona kuita yemuno bhatiri paki kune maturusi emagetsi.

Zvakare muUS, mhando yeHummer ichakurumidza kumutswa seyose-yemagetsi SUV. Kubatsira kwayo kune vatengesi kunogona kudzikiswa nemuviri wayo mudiki, asi kugona kwayo kwekunze-mumugwagwa kunofadza, uye huwandu hunofungidzirwa hwe620 km hunofanira kurerutsa kunetseka kwevatyairi. Kukwiridzira ku 0 km / h mumasekonzi matatu kunofanirwawo kunge kuchinakidza.

Zvino, hongu, kune Tesla's Cybertruck, iyo yakaba iyo show gore rapfuura neyakaomarara (chaiyo) dhizaini uye chivimbiso chekuvaka bulletproof uye kuita kunoshamisa. Nekudaro, kusiyana neFord neHummer, isu hatisati taona shanduro yekugadzira.

American upstart Rivian yakaratidza kuti ingangotangwa muAustralia, uye iyo kambani ichangobva kuona R1T yasvika muAustralia kunoongororwa munharaunda. Iine 550 kW/1124 Nm uye hurefu hunosvika 640 km, inofanirawo kunge iine hunyanzvi uye simba rekuita kuti basa riitwe.

Chinese automaker GWM ichatitumirawo mota yemagetsi saizi yeHilux, asi yakavakirwa munharaunda iri kuuya munguva pfupi iri muchimiro cheACE EV X1 Transformer. Yakagadzirwa neAustralia startup ACE, X1 Transformer ichange iri refu-wheelbase, high-denga van ine 90kW, 255Nm, inobhadhara 1110kg uye chaiyo inosiyana 215 kusvika 258km. Nekumhanya kwepamusoro kwe 90 km/h chete, zviri pachena kuti X1 Transformer inongoitirwa kuti imhanyirwe mumotokari yekutakura, uye hapasati pave nezuva rekutengeswa, asi kana mutengo wakarurama, inogona kuramba ichikwikwidza kune vamwe. mabhizimisi. 

MuEurope, mavheni akadai sePeugeot Partner Electric, Mercedes-Benz eSprinter uye Fiat E-Ducato ichokwadi chekugadzirwa, zvichiratidza kuti teknolojia yemagetsi ebheteri yakakura zvakakwana kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvisina kunaka.

Nepo zviri nyore kuwana nzvimbo yekuchaja - ingotsvaga chero chekare chemagetsi - nguva dzekuchaja mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzakachena dzinogona kuita hutsinye kunze kwekunge yakatsaurirwa charger yakashandiswa. Inenge maawa masere ndiyo yakajairika, asi kukura kwebhatiri, ndiko kurebesa kwaunoda kugara wakabatana kunetiweki, uye kana zvese zvaunazvo zviri zvenguva dzose 8V imba yekubuda, nguva yekuchaja inogona kutora kusvika zuva rese.

Range kufunganya - kutya kuvharirwa kune imwe nzvimbo nebhatiri rakafa uye nguva refu yekuchaja - ndicho chinhu chekupedzisira chinodiwa nevashambadziri, uye nguva inopedzerwa mujaja inguva iyo mota yako yebasa isingakubatsire kuwana chouviri. EV mabhatiri zvakare anorema, anotora mutoro wekuremerwa uye - kana iri yemuviri-pa-furemu - kuwedzera huremu kune yatove inorema mota kirasi.

Saka ndeipi imwe nzira?

Hydrogen fuel cell

Pamusoro pekusatsamira pazvinhu zvakawanda zvinodhura sebhatiri rekemikari, iyo hydrogen mafuta sero inewo mabhenefiti maviri akakosha: huremu hwakaderera uye kukurumidza kuwedzera refueling.

Kubvisa chirango chehuremu chebhatiri paki hombe hakungoite kuti mota ifambire mberi, zvakare inobvumira mota kuti iise huremu hwayo hwekutakura mubhadharo. Kuhwina kana zvasvika kumotokari dzekutengesa, handiti?

Hyundai zvirokwazvo vanofunga kudaro. Kambani yeSouth Korea nguva pfupi yadarika yakazivisa hurongwa hwayo hwekusimudzira FCEVS, yakanangana nechikamu chekutengesa, kunyanya marori makuru uye epakati nemabhazi, pamwe nemota shoma nemavan. 

Hyundai inotova nemarori ane hydrogen-powered ari kuedzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu epasirese muEurope, uko hydrogen infrastructure yatovepo, uye kusvika zvino mhedzisiro yacho inokurudzira.

Nekudaro, tekinoroji ichiri mudiki kana ichienzaniswa nemotokari dzemagetsi, uye kunyange Hyundai inobvuma kuti maFCEV ari kure nenguva yekutanga. Nekudaro, kambani inotarisira kuti panozopera makore gumi aya inenge yave kukwanisa kupa hydrogen mafuta cell passenger mota nemutengo wakafanana neakaenzana pure electric mota, panguva iyo FCEVs ichange yava kunyatsoshanda.

Uye idzo nhau dzakanaka kune avo vane hanya nezve EV recharge nguva, sezvo matangi eFCEV anogona kuzadza muhuwandu hwenguva semota dzanhasi dzepeturu nedhiziri. Dambudziko rega rasara kugadziriswa nderezvivakwa: muAustralia, zviteshi zvehydrogen hazvipo kunze kwenzvimbo shoma dzekuyedza.

Nekudaro, Europe yatove neakawanda ehydrogen-powered ekutengesa mota dzinonanga kune showroom pasi. Iyo Renault Master ZE Hydrogen, Peugeot e-Nyanzvi Hydrogen uye Citroen Dispatch vakagadzirira kugadzira uye vanopa maitiro akafanana uye mubhadharo wemubhadharo kune avo ese-emagetsi uye emagetsi emoto anopisa.

Nekudaro, maererano neiyo double cab FCEV ine chekuita, hapana basa rakawanda. H2X Global ine hurongwa hwekuparura Warrego Ute mukupera kwegore rino, apo motokari yeFord Ranger ichange iine 66kW kana 90kW fuel cell yekugonesa bhatiri remubhodhi uye 200kW/350Nm drive mota. 

Kuita kweavhareji: kumhanya kwepamusoro kwe110 km/h chete ye66 kW version (150 km/h ye90 kW version) uye mubhadharo wepamusoro we2500 kg. Yayo payload ye1000 kg inenge yakanaka sedzimwe mota mbiri dzekombi.

Nekudaro, H2X Global inoti Warrego ichakwanisa kufamba makiromita angangoita mazana mashanu patangi rimwe chete rehydrogen, uye 500kW sero yemafuta inosundidzira nhamba iyoyo kusvika 90km. Kupera gasi? Nguva yekuwedzera mafuta inofanira kuva maminitsi matatu kusvika mashanu, kwete maawa masere kana kupfuura.

Kunyangwe zvichange zvichidhura zvisingaite. Base 66kW Warrego modhi inotarisirwa kuita $189,000, ukuwo mhando dze90kW dzinotarisirwa kuita pakati pemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mapfumbamwe emadhora. Vaviri avo vane mashoma gasi chiteshi network uye Warrego's viability haina kutaridzika zvese zvakanaka.

Pakave nerunyerekupe rwekuti Toyota HiLux FCEV inogona kukwidziridza Toyota yakakosha ruzivo rwehydrogen nemotokari yemufambi yeMirai, zvisinei hapana chasimbiswa. HiLux haisati yatora danho rekuita hybridization, iyo inotarisirwa kuitika muna 2025, pamwe nedhiziri-magetsi powertrain.

Nekudaro, kana mitengo yadonha uye zviteshi zvehydrogen zvichiwanda, chii chaunosarudza? Iyo inokurumidza kumhanya nguva pahydrogen chimwe chinhu chinoenderana nemararamiro ako zvirinani, kana mota yemagetsi kana van inokwezva kubhizinesi rako? Kana...hapana here chinotsiva bhiza rako rekushanda?