Nguva inguva yakapfuura huru, inguva yemberi isina chokwadi

Tese tinozvitora sezvinei kuti museve wenguva unogara uchinongedzera kune ramangwana. Mune sisitimu inodimburwa kubva kune yekunze sosi yesimba - uye izvi, sezviri pachena, iChadenga chedu - zvese zvinoshanduka kubva pakurongeka kuenda kune kusagadzikana.

Sekushandiswa kumitemo ye thermodynamics, musimboti wekufamba kwenguva pamwe nemuseve unoreva kuti haugone kuisa chinhu chinopisa muimba inotonhora uye unotarisira kuti inotonhora, uye chinhu chinopisa. Kuedza kwakasiyana-siyana kwakaratidza kuti kunyangwe pachiyero chehuwandu, maitiro ezvimedu anoenderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekutanga. Mune mamwe mazwi, ivo vanofamba munzira yatakajaira nekufamba kwenguva.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvisinei, kune zviratidzo zvakawanda uye zvakawanda zvokuti chimwe chinhu hachina kunaka pakunzwisisa kwedu nguva. Pamwe hazvina kukwana kukahadzika kuvapo kwayo zvachose, asi kufunga nezvekuti tinofanira kuzvinzwisisa sei - ndizvo zvechokwadi.

Hapana kudziyisa munzvimbo yakabatikana

Boka renyanzvi dzefizikisi paABC Federal University muBrazil nguva pfupi yadarika rakasarudza kudzidza nezvechloroform, inoumbwa neatomu kabhoni inobatanidzwa neatomu rehydrogen nemaatomu matatu echlorine. Masayendisiti akashandisa simba remagineti uye acetone kugadzirisa zvinhu zveatomu. Izvi zvakavabvumira "kuteerera" maitiro ezvimedu zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kwesimba re nuclei nekuda kwekuita kwemagnetic resonance. Zvinoenderana nekutonga kwemuseve wenguva, iyo "kupisa" nuclei yeatomiki inofanirwa kupa simba renyonganiso yekufamba kumaatomu anotonhora kusvika simba rese rave rakaenzana.

Tinofanira kunzwisisa sei nguva?

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, izvi zvingadai zvakaitika. Nekudaro, vaongorori vakawana inokatyamadza yakasarudzika - nyaya apo zvimedu zvakadyidzana. Particle correlation yakachinja zvakanyanya nzira yekugoverwa kwesimba pakati pemiviri kana ichienzaniswa neinowanzoitika. Mafaro ehydrogen nuclei akave "kupisa" uye mudiwa wavo wekabhoni anotonhora akave "kutonhora".

Sezvo vanyori vekuedza vanopedzisa, izvi zvigumisiro zvakafanana thermodynamically dzokera kune zvakapfuura pamwero muduku zvikuru, asi uchiri muchadenga chedu, umo kutonga kwekufamba kwenguva kunonzi "kunoyera". "Tiri kuona kuyerera kweyega kwekupisa kubva kune inotonhora kuenda kune inopisa," vaongorori vakanyora mubepa raibuda pane arXiv.org repository.

Psychological uye thermodynamic museve

Stephen Hawking mubhuku rake A Brief History of Time , akanyora kuti kusagadzikana kunowedzera nekufamba kwenguva nokuti tinoyera nguva nenzira iyo chirwere chinowedzera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti tine sarudzo, yekuti tinogona, semuenzaniso, kuona kutanga zvimedu zvegirazi rakaputsika zvakapararira pasi, ipapo nguva iyo girazi rarova pasi, ipapo girazi mumhepo uye, pakupedzisira, muruoko. zvemunhu akabata wake. Iko hakuna mutemo wesainzi wekuti "museve wepfungwa wenguva" unofanirwa kuenda munzira imwechete semuseve wethermodynamic, uye entropy yehurongwa inowedzera. Zvisinei, masayendisiti akawanda anodavira kuti ikoku kwakadaro nemhaka yokuti kuchinja kwesimba kunoitika muuropi hwomunhu, kufanana neizvo zvatinoona muchisiko. Uropi hune simba rekuita, kucherekedza uye kufunga, nekuti "injini" yemunhu inopisa mafuta-chikafu uye, senge mujini inopisa yemukati, maitiro aya haadzoke.

Zvisinei, pane zviitiko apo, paunenge uchichengetedza imwe nzira yemuseve wepfungwa wenguva mune dzakasiyana masisitimu entropy zvese zvinosimuka nekudonha - semuenzaniso, kana uchichengeta data mundangariro yekombuta. Iwo mamodule endangariro mumuchina anoenda kubva kune isina kurongeka kuenda kune disk kunyora kurongeka. Saka, iyo entropy mukombuta inoderedzwa. Zvisinei, chero nyanzvi yefizikiki ichataura kuti kubva pakuona kwezvose zvakasikwa, iri kukura, nokuti inotora simba rekunyora kune diski, uye simba iri rinoparara nenzira yekupisa kunogadzirwa nemuchina. Pane kushomeka kushoma "kwepfungwa" kumitemo yakamiswa yefizikisi pano. Zvakaoma kuti isu tifunge kuti izvo zvinobuda neruzha kubva kune fan zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura kurekodha kwebasa kana imwe kukosha mundangariro.

Nechekare muna 1967 kwaivapo Wheeler-DeWitt Equationzvaireva kuti pakanga pasina nguva yakadaro. Yakanga iri kuedza kusanganisa masvomhu pfungwa dze quantum mechanics uye general relativity, nhanho yakananga kudzidziso ye quantum gravity, i.e. Dzidziso Yezvese inodiwa nemasayendisiti ese. Muna 1983 chete physics yakaita Don Page i William Wuthers akaronga tsananguro maererano nedambudziko renguva rinogona kutenderedzwa uchishandisa pfungwa quantum entanglement. Vakapa pfungwa yekuti chete zvimiro zveiyo yatotsanangurwa system inogona kuyerwa. Kubva pamaonero emasvomhu, chirevo chavo chaireva kuti wachi haishande iri yoga kubva kuhurongwa uye inotanga chete kana yakapindwa nechadenga.

Ingori manyepo here?

Zvinoita here kududzira quantum theory symmetrically munguva, pasina kubvumira pesvedzero yezvino pane yakapfuura? inobvunza mune dissertation yakaburitswa muProceedings of the Royal Society Matthew S. Leifer Oraz Matthew F. Pusey. Kana dzidziso yakadaro inofanira kuva symmetric, uye fizikisi hanya, saka, zvinosuruvarisa, pamusoro mukana anofanira kuvapo.

Fans havana dambudziko kuverenga kumashure dzidziso dzakasiyana siyanasezvinogona kutoonekwa muPeji uye Wooters pfungwa. Dambudziko rekuenzanisa rakagadziriswa mukati maro, uye hapana chikonzero chekudzorera museve wenguva kumashure kuti utsanangure zviitiko. Ingori kuti mhedzisiro dzakasiyana dzekuedza dzakafanana nenyika dzakasiyana umo chidimbu chinogona kuita neimwe nzira.

Muenzaniso wekuedza mu chloroform

British physics Julian Barbour akanyora mabhuku akati wandei nezve nguva ingori manyepo. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa pane idzi ndeinoti Kupera Kwenguva: The Next Revolution in Our Understanding of the Universe, 1999. Muchadenga, kana ukaumbwa nokuchinja-chinja-chinja kwemagadzirirwo ezvinhu, zvinopa pfungwa yokuti nguva iri kufamba, Barbour anodaro. Rukova rwekuziva uye manzwiro ezvino, anogara sekondi, zvese zvinoitika mumisoro yevanhu. Uropi hwedu hune ruzivo nezve ichangopfuura yapfuura, asi kwete semugumisiro wehukama hwechikonzero hunodzokera kune zvakapfuura zvigadziriso. Asi, hunhu hwekufunga, zvimwe hunodiwa kuti ufunge zvachose.

Barbour anoti Einstein mune imwe yetsamba dzake dzokupedzisira anonyora kuti: “Vanhu vakaita sesu vanotenda mufizikisi vanoziva kuti musiyano uripo pakati pekare, zvazvino uye zviri mberi inongova fungidziro inopfuurira. Maonero aBarbour anoonekwa se "sainzi pamucheto", asi vazhinji vakakomba fizikisi (kusanganisira vanhu vanozivikanwa vakaita se Lee Smolin i Lyubosh Motl) zvinoonekwa se "zvinonakidza", kwete "kupenga". Pane kumwe kunaka kune iyo pfungwa yekusaita nguva, ndosaka ichifadza kune vefizikisi.

Maererano nenyanzvi dzedzidziso dzakaenderera mberi nemafungiro aBarbour, nguva ipfungwa yakatangwa nemunhu kuitira kuti tikwanise kusiyanisa "zvino" kubva pane zvatinoona se "kare". Pfungwa yenguva inoramba ichingova manyepo epfungwa dzedu, nekuti chokwadi zvese zvaive uye zvichave zviri kuitika panguva yega yega. Makore maviri apfuura, kutaura kwakadaro kwakaitwa neboka remafizikisi kubva kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology.

Masayendisiti aya anotaura kuti chadenga chakaumbwa ne“zvivharo” umo nguva nenzvimbo zvakabatanidzwa, zvichiumba inozivikanwa senguva yechadenga. Dzidziso iyi, inopindirana nayo dzidziso yehukama Einstein anokarakadza kuti nzvimbo nenguva chikamu chechadenga chine mativi mana umo chinhu chose chinoitika chine marongerwo azvo akasiyana-siyana munguva-chadenga.

 - akapfupikisa tsvakurudzo yevamwe vake Max Tegmark kubva kuS.- 

Kubva pakuona kwe quantum physics, nguva dzose zvinogoneka kuratidza kuti nguva "iripo" nokuti inoshanda mufungidziro chaidzo dzekuyedza, sehupfu hwechinhu chakaiswa mubhokisi nekatsi yaSchrödinger. Nguva ipfungwa chikamu chenzvimbo yatinosikira ruzivo rwedu. Zvechokwadi, kufamba kwake kubva kare kuenda kune ramangwana kunoongororwa zvakafanana nezvimwe zvose.

Uku ndiko kuguma. Nenzira yekuti nguva inopera sechinhu chaicho, chisingadi kuratidzwa. Kana iyo pakupedzisira ichavawo chiyero chenguva-yenguva uye mwero chaiwoiwo wechadenga chinoramba chichisarudzwa. Parizvino, mune duel pakati theoretical fizikisi uye general intuition, iyo yekupedzisira ine mukana wakakura. Asi pamwe haazive kuti akakanganisa uye akatorasikirwa?

Museve Wenguva - Inoratidza mafambiro ekufamba kwenguva. Pfungwa iyi yakaunzwa uye yakakurumbira neBritish astrophysicist Arthur Eddington muna 1927, munyori weThe Nature of the Physical World, rakaburitswa gore rakatevera. Nguva inogara ichiyerera kubva kune yakapfuura kuenda kune ramangwana uye haina kumbopesana, i.e. haina unidirectional, asymmetrical uye isingachinjiki. Inogona kukamurwa kuva yekare, yazvino uye yeramangwana. Mazwi akafanana emuseve wenguva: kutungamira kwenguva, asymmetry yenguva, anisotropy yenguva, kusadzoreka kwenguva, uye unidirectionality yenguva.