Ngarava dzekutakura zvinhu zvenyukireya
Nyukireya inotakura zvinhu. Ngarava yekutanga pasi rose ine simba renyukireya yekupwanya aizi, Savannah, inosvika kune yakakurumbira Golden Gate Bridge, 1962. Mupunga. NARA
Zvikepe zvehurumende zvine simba renyukireya, pamusoro pezvikepe zvinopwanya aizi, peji inonakidza, kunyangwe ipfupi, munhoroondo yekutakura. Zvose zvina zvakavakwa. Zvinopesana zvishoma nezita racho, hapana chimwe chazvo chaive ngarava dzekutakura zvinhu, kunyange zvazvo yepedyo yakauya yaiva Sevmorput. Kuseri kwekuvakwa kweumwe neumwe wavo kwaive kwakaoma tangle yezvematongerwo enyika uye mukurumbira, asi hupfumi hwehupfumi hwakaramba huri mumumvuri, hunonyatsopupurirwa nechokwadi chokuti vakatsigirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana nemasangano ehurumende. Muchinyorwa chiri pasi apa tinopa mavambo uye mamiriro ezvinhu ekuvaka, pamwe chete nekuguma kwezvikepe, izvo, zvinopesana nezvinangwa zvevakawanda, hazvina zvachose kugadzira nzira itsva mukuvaka ngarava uye kutengeswa kwevatengesi.
United States
Kuzvarwa kwechikepe chekutanga chevatengesi chine simba renyukireya chenyika kwakabatana zvakanyanya nezvematongerwo enyika makuru. Mutungamiri weUnited States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, akatanga chirongwa cheAtoms for Peace. Yakaratidzwa kuvanhu musi waZvita 8, 1953 paUN General Assembly. Akabva asiya basa reushingi rokutora zvombo zvenyukireya kubva mumaoko evarwi vozviisa mumaoko evaya vaiziva kuzvibvisa ganda razvo rehondo vozvishandisazve nokuda kwezvinangwa zvorugare. Eisenhower, achinyatsoziva kutyisa kwehondo, aivimbika mukuedza kwake kurwisa zvombo zvenyukireya, asi chirongwa ichi chaive chakanangana nekusimudzira US sesimba rinotungamira pasi rose retekinoroji. Pakati pemafungiro akasiyana-siyana ane hukama neslogan yekushandiswa kwerunyararo kwesimba reatomu, pakanga paine - semuenzaniso, fantasy-megalomaniac, inoyeuchidza zviroto zveSoviet zvekudzosa nzizi dzeSiberia - chiratidzo chekushandisa kuputika kwenyukireya pasi pevhu kuvaka migero mikuru. - chirongwa cheinjiniya-chinogoneka chekuvaka ngarava ine simba renyukireya.
The Presidential Initiative yakatanga kuitika muna 1956, apo Congress yakabvumira chirongwa chekuvaka ngarava ine simba renyukireya inonzi Savannah semubatanidzwa pakati peAtomic Energy Commission, Dhipatimendi reCommerce, neU.S. Maritime Administration. Basa rekugadzira rakaronzeswa kuhofisi ine mukurumbira yaGeorge G. Sharp, Inc. kubva kuNew York (iyo portfolio yaisanganisira mazana akati wandei mapurojekiti akapedzwa, zvese zvikepe zvevatengesi nezvikepe - kusanganisira inoperekedza ndege inotakura Casablanca - uye zvikamu zve Coast Guard). Se "chiratidziro cheAmerica," ngarava yaifanirwa kunge isiri yehunyanzvi chete, asiwo inoyevedza. Kuzadzisa icho chekupedzisira chinodiwa, zvakasarudzwa kushandisa zvechimanjemanje, zvishoma pamberi penguva yayo, asi zvinoenderana neanonzwisiswa tsika dzemugungwa, mitsetse yehull, uye yakakurumbira dhizaini kambani Jack Heaney and Associates of Wilton kubva kuConnecticut yakahaiwa. zvekushongedza mukati. Sezvinobvumwa, kuedza uku kwakave nemhedzisiro yaidiwa - iyo Savannah yakangonaka, izvo zvisingagoni kutaurwa nezve yakazotevera yeGerman ngarava inotakura zvombo yenyukireya Otto Hahn.
Ngarava iyi yakavakwa neNew York Shipbuilding Co. kubva kuCamden, New Jersey. Izvo zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti maAmerican aitove neruzivo mukugadzira zvakanyanya kuoma nyukireya submarines. Iyo Nautilus yakazopinda basa munaGunyana 1954. Keel yengarava inotakura zvinhu yenyukireya yakaiswa muna Chivabvu 22, 1958, zuva rakasarudzwa neCongress muna 1933 seNational Maritime Day. Kuvhurwa kwacho kwakaitika muna Chikunguru 21, 1959, uye kwakatorwa mwari naiye-First Lady Mamie Eisenhower.
Mushure memhemberero yekupa zita, kuiswa kweiyo reactor kwakatora mwedzi makumi matatu. Ngarava yacho, yakanga ine injini yedhiziri kwenguva pfupi, yakabva yatamira kuYorktown, kuVirginia, uko kwakaongororwa gadziriro yacho. Simba rakazara rereactor rakawanikwa muna Kubvumbi 30. Mutengo weiyo unit waive $1962 miriyoni, iyo $49,9 miriyoni yaive yehull nemidziyo yemugungwa uye $18,6 miriyoni ye reactor ine midziyo (yakapihwa naBabcock & Wilcox) nemafuta enyukireya.
