Japanese Air Self-Defense Force

Muna 2018, Japan yakafunga kutenga imwe 105 F-35s. Iine varwi vanokwana 147 F-35, Japan ichave yechipiri mushandisi mukuru weF-35 pasi rose mushure meUS. Iyo UK ichange iri pachinhanho chechitatu ne138 F-35s.

Mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II, Japan yakasiya zvishuvo zvayo zvekuwedzera mune zvematongerwo enyika nemauto, mukudzoka kwekuwana chinzvimbo chesimba rehupfumi hwenyika. Hwaro hwekuchengetedzwa kweJapan uye kurongeka kwezvematongerwo enyika kwaive kubatana kwayo neUnited States. Parizvino, Nyika yeZuva Rinobuda inotarisana nematambudziko matsva: kukwikwidzana nesimba rinosimuka rePeople's Republic of China (PRC), kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwemakakatanwa enzvimbo neRussian Federation, kutyisidzira kunoitwa neDemocratic People's Republic of Korea. (DPRK), iyo ine zvombo zvenyukireya zvekupotsera, uye kudzokorora mubatanidzwa neUnited States. Pane pfungwa iri kukura yekupa Japan basa guru mukuumba kuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda.

Mushure mekukanda mapfumo pasi muna 1945, Japan yakabviswa mauto, zvombo zvese nemidziyo yehondo zvakaparadzwa, uye mauto emambo nemauto emugungwa zvakabviswa. Chengetedzo yeNyika yeZuva Rinobuda yakapihwa nemauto ekutora emubatanidzwa.

Pakatanga hondo paKorea Peninsula pana June 25, 1950, mauto akawanda aidzora akatumirwa kunodzivirira Republic of Korea. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akatungamira pakusikwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 10, 1950, ye75-yakasimba yeJapan Keisatsu Yobitai Armed Police, kutora basa rekuchengetedza kurongeka kwemukati kubva kuAllied mauto mapurisa. Musi waApril 000, 26, Murindi Wekumahombekombe akaumbwa.

Muna Nyamavhuvhu 1952, iyo Hoancho, iyo National Security Agency, yakasikwa kuti iite basa rekuumbwa kweJapan Self-Defense Forces pasi pehutongi hwakasimba hweAllies. Pashure paizvozvo, Keisatsu Yobitai akachinjwa kuva Hoantai - National Security Forces. Musi waGumiguru 15, 1952, ndege makumi maviri dzeAeronca L-20 dzakaendeswa kune iyi kuumbwa, iyo yakatumirwa kuchikoro chekubhururuka kuHamamatsu base. Vakatsiviwa ne16 itsva Stinson L-1953 Sentinels muna Ndira 35.

Mushure mezvo, 62 Piper L-21 Super Cubs, gumi Beechcraft T-10A Mentor helikopta uye matanhatu Bell OH-34E Sioux helikopta dzakaunzwa. Ndege yakagamuchirwa yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuumba mapoka mana emhepo: 6st uye 13rd muHamamatsu, 1nd muAsahikawa uye 3th muOzuki. Iyo Air Corps yeGround Forces yakagadzirwa.

Musi waNyamavhuvhu 16, 1953, Coast Guard yakagamuchira ndege yayo yekutanga, ichigadzira musimboti wekufamba nendege. Aya aive mana Bell 47D-1 helicopters uye gumi Beechcraft T-10A Mentor ndege. Zvikopokopo zvitatu zveSikorsky S-34 uye zvikopokopo zvitatu zveWestland WS-55 Mk 51A zvakaendeswa.

Nhasi, F-15J Eagle fighters ndiyo huru ndege yehondo yeJapan mauto endege.

Air Self Defense Force

Mushure mekupera kwechibvumirano chakakodzera neUnited States, Japan yakagamuchira Self-Defense Act, nekuda kwazvakazogoneka kugadzira iyo Self-Defense Agency - Boeicho, ine marudzi matatu emauto ekuzvidzivirira ari pasi pavo: Mhepo. Self-Defense Defence Force, Ground Self-Defense Force uye Maritime Self-Defense Force. Zvechokwadi, vose vanonzi "Japanese". Zuva repamutemo rekuumbwa kweJapan Air Self-Defense Force (JPSS) ndiChikunguru 1, 1954.

Mazuva matanhatu gare gare, chikoro chakashandurwa kuita Air Self-Defense Force Aviation School, iyo yakanga ichiri muHamamatsu. Mauto eMhepo payakapa L-5 Sentinel uye L-21 Super Cub ndege yekutaurirana, ndege yeT-34A Mentor yemudzidzisi yakamboita zvekushandisa pachikoro. Imwe 124 T-34A Mentors yakagadzirwa pasi perezinesi kubva kuFuji Heavy Industries (sangano rakavambwa pahwaro hweNakajima Aircraft Company, iyo yakabatanidzwa nevanoverengeka vadiki, ikozvino Subaru Corporation).

Nhanho inotevera yaiva yekuvandudza unyanzvi hwevatyairi, iyo United States yakapa North American T-6 Texan ndege (muna 1956, 130 ndege dzakadaro dzakanga dziri mubasa). Nhanho yaitevera yaive yekushongedza JPSS nemajeti ekurwa anovimbisa uye ehunyanzvi Lockheed T-33A. 68 michina yerudzi urwu yakagamuchirwa kubva kuAmerica, imwe 210 yakavakwa neKawasaki Aircraft Industries.

Ndege yekutanga yekurwa yeJPSS yaive North American F-86F Saber. Pakutanga, kubva muna Zvita 1955, makumi maviri nemasere michina yakadai yakaunzwa kubva kuUSA nechinangwa chekudzidzisa. Izvi zvakateverwa nekutakura kuendesa mayuniti: 28 North America-yakagadzirwa ndege uye imwe ndege mazana matatu yakavakwa pasi perezinesi kubva kuMitsubishi Heavy Industries. Pamusoro pezvo, Hondo Yemuchadenga yeJapan muna 180-300 yakagamuchira 1958 American F-1961D Saber interceptors ine radar zvinoonekwa.

Muna Mbudzi 1960, Japan yakafunga kutenga Lockheed F-104J Starfighters. Mitsubishi yakawana mvumo yerezinesi yekugadzira vhezheni iyi pachirimwa chayo cheNagoya. Yakange yakashongedzerwa neNorth America NASARR F-15J-31 radar pfuti yakagadziridzwa kurwisa-ndege uye General Electric J79-IHI-11A gasi turbine jet injini yakagadzirwa pasi perezinesi kubva kuIshikawajima-Harima fekitori. MaF-104Js aive akapakatira 61mm M20A Vulcan cannon uye anotsvaka kupisa AIM-9B Sidewinder air-to-air missile.

Yekutanga F-104J yakavakwa naLockheed uye yakabhururuka musi wa30 Chikumi 1961. Mugadziri weAmerica akagadzira varwi vatatu chete verudzi urwu, vakashandiswa kuongororwa vasati vaendeswa kuJapan. Pakati paKurume 1962 naKurume 1965, mafekitori eMitsubishi akaunganidza 29 F-104Js kubva kune zvikamu zvakapihwa naLockheed. Pakupedzisira, kugadzirwa kwerezinesi yeF-104J kwakatanga muna Kurume 1965 uye kwakapfuurira kusvika pakupera kwa1967. Huwandu hwe178 F-104Js hwakanunurwa, hwakagadzirwa kubva pakutanga muJapan; pamwe chete, ndege yeJapan yakagamuchira 210 F-104Js. Uye zvakare, pakati paChikunguru 1962 naNdira 1964, 20-zvigaro zviviri F-104DJ ndege yekudzidzira kurwisa yakaunganidzwa muJapan nekuunzwa kwezvikamu kubva kuUSA.

Pakazosvika Gumiguru 1966, zvikwata zvinomwe zvakashongedzerwa nazvo: 201st, 202nd, 203rd, 204th, 205th, 206th uye 207th. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akaiswa mune imwe nheyo yakasiyana, chete muHyakuri maiva nemapoka maviri: 206th uye 207th kubva ku7th air bapiro. . Nzvimbo iyi iri makiromita makumi masere kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweTokyo. Muna 80, apo Okinawa akadzokera kukutonga kweJapan, 1972 Squadron yakaendeswa kunzvimbo yeNaha pachitsuwa. Iyo unit yakabviswa muna Kurume 207 seyekupedzisira kuve neF-1986J.

Muna 1969-1971, Japan yakashongedza F-104J neAAM-1 air-to-air missile, yaive kuvandudzwa kweAmerican AIM-9E Sidewinder. 330 yezvombo zvinokandwa izvi zvakagadzirwa paMitsubishi Electrics chirimwa muChiyoda pedyo neTokyo.

Anenge achangobva kugamuchirwa kweF-104J Starfighter, pfungwa iyi yakazvarwa nemurwi anokwanisa kurwisa kurova kwemhepo mumamiriro ese ekunze. Muna 1967, murwi weMcDonnell Douglas F-4E Phantom II akasarudzwa. Zvinoenderana nezvirambidzo zvaishanda panguva iyoyo, F-4EJ musiyano weJapan wakanyimwa kugona kubata nezvinangwa zvepasi.

Iyo Westinghouse AN / APQ-120 radar, pane kudaro, yakachengeta mabasa ese ane chekuita nekuverengera zvinangwa zvemhepo, kusanganisira mukana wekushandisa AIM-7E Sparrow yepakati-renji mapfumo anotungamirwa nehafu-inoshanda radar. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo F-4EJ yaive yakashongedzerwa neAIM-9E Sidewinder makombora uye 61mm M20A Vulcan cannon. Pamusoro pezvo, ndege iyi yakashongedzerwa neiyo J/APR-2 radar yambiro sisitimu uye yeJapan J/APR-670 otomatiki pasi nhungamiro yekuraira system.

Kurongeka kwakaiswa musi waMbudzi 1, 1968, uye muna Ndira 14, 1971, yekutanga yeF-4EJs mbiri dzakavakwa neUS yakakwira mudenga pakubhururuka kwayo kwekutanga. Mamwe gumi nerimwe akaunganidzwa paMitsubishi's Nagoya zvidyarwa kubva kuAmerica zvikamu, yekutanga iyo yakabhururuka muna Chivabvu 11, 12. Iyo inotevera 1972 F-127Js yakavakwa kubva kutanga muJapan pasi perezinesi. Yekupedzisira ye4 F-140EJs yakaunzwa kuJapan Air Force musi wa4 Chivabvu 20.

Kubva muna Mbudzi 1974 kusvika Chikumi 1975, fekitori yeMcDonnell Douglas yakagadzira ndege gumi neina dzisina kuzvidzivirira dzeRF-14EJ. Vakagadzirirawo nzira dzavo dzekuzvidzivirira. F-4EJ varwi vakaverengerwa mumidziyo yezvikwata zvitanhatu: 4st, 301nd, 302rd, 303th, 304th uye 305th, uye RF-306EJ yekucherekedza ndege dzakapihwa kuchikwata che4st, chaimbova nendege 501 RF-18F.

Muna Chikunguru 1984, chirongwa chekusimudzira Phantom kune F-4EJ Kai vhezheni chakatangwa. Ndege yakatsiviwa neWestinghouse AN / APG-66J radar, iyo, inosanganisira. yakashandiswa muchizvarwa chekutanga cheF-16A / B varwi. Uye zvakare, vakagamuchira Litton LN-39 inertial navigation masisitimu, Kaiser fungidziro yekuratidzira uye Hazeltine AN / APZ-79 "my-alien" yekuzivikanwa transponders. Iyo yekuzvidzivirira system yaive neMitsubishi J / APR-6 radar yambiro yekuyambira mudziyo, uye iyo F-4EJ yakagadziridzwa zvakare kutakura Westinghouse AN / ALQ-131 inoshanda redhiyo kupindira makaseti. Zvombo zvezvombo zvakazadzikiswa nemhando itsva dzezvombo zvemhepo-kune-mhepo: AIM-7F Sparrow uye AIM-9L Sidewinder.

Yekutanga mhepo-kusvika-pamusoro chombo cheF-4EJ chaive Mitsubishi ASM-1 anti-ship missile ine huwandu hwe50 km. Yekutanga yakakwidziridzwa F-4EJ Kai yakaunzwa ku306 Squadron musi wa24 Mbudzi 1989.

Mukufambirana nekuvandudzwa kwe96 F-4EJs kuKai vhezheni, 14 RF-4EJs yakaita shanduko yakafanana. Radar diki chete ndiyo yakatsiviwa neTexas Instruments AN/APQ-172 itsva, uye midziyo yekucherekedza yakawedzerwa neinfrared line scanner. Ndege yakagadziridzwa kuti itakure midziyo miviri yekucherekedza (inochinjika): ine chiteshi chekutarisa chemhepo Thomson-CSF Raphael SKAR SLAR uye Mitsubishi electronic intelligence. Kudiwa kwendege yekucherekedza kwakatungamira kune imwe 17 F-4EJs yakashandurwa kuita ndege yekucherekedza - vakagamuchira midziyo yekushanda mumatireyi emukati, uye zvimwe zvakagadziridzwa zvakanangana neKai shanduro yakaunzwa pavari.

Iyo F-4EJ Kai parizvino ine 301st uye 302nd Squadrons kubva kuHyakuri base pakati peJapan. Gore rino vanofanira kubviswa basa. Uye zvakare, 501 squadron ichiri kushandisa iyo RF-4EJ Kai. Huwandu hwe73 F-4EJ Kai uye RF-4EJ Kai vari kushanda. Iyo ndege yekucherekedza ichatsiviwa neF-15J varwi vakachinjirwa kutakura module yekucherekedza ine SAR radar (yakaziviswa muna 2016 kuti ichagadzirwa naLockheed Martin), uye F-4EJ ichatsiva iyo itsva F-35A Mheni II.

Mitsubishi T-2 uye F-1

Wekutanga wekuJapan mushure mehondo yejet trainer aive Fuji T-1 trainer, iyo yakabhururuka muna Ndira 19, 1958. Yakave yakateedzerwa mushure memurwi wekuAmerican F-86, asi yaive nezvigaro zviviri zvetandem uye chirimwa chemagetsi. yaive injini yeBritish Bristol Siddeley Orpheus Mk 805 ine simba re17,79 kN. Zvose zve 66 T-1s zvakavakwa, makumi maviri ekupedzisira akashandiswa neJapan Ishikawajima-Harima J20-IHI-3 injini ine simba re3 kN. Iyi shanduro yakasarudzwa T-11,77B. Ndege idzi dzakashandiswa kubva muna 1 kwemakore makumi maviri akatevera.

Mutsivi weT-1 aifanira kunge ari supersonic dhizaini, iyo yakagadzirwa muna 1965-1966. Fuji, Kawasaki neMitsubishi vakatumira zvikumbiro uye pakupedzisira munaGunyana 1967 sarudzo yakaitwa yekukumbira Mitsubishi. Iyo prototype yakatanga musi waChikunguru 20, 1971. Kuwedzera kune mana prototypes, makumi mapfumbamwe-akagadzirwa mota dzakavakwa, kusanganisira makumi matanhatu neshanu dzakagadziridzwa kutakura zvombo. Ndege iyi yaifambiswa nemainjini eRolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour ane marezenisi akashandiswawo mune yakafanana French-British SEPECAT Jaguar, inogadzirwa kuJapan seIshikawajima-Harima TF90-IHI-62A, ine 40 kN thrust uye 801 kN afterburner.

Iyo yakashongedzerwa vhezheni yeT-2 yaive yakashongedzerwa neMitsubishi Electric J / AWG-11 radar yekuona uye yekutevera zvibodzwa zvemugungwa uye kubva (yakafanana neAN / AWG-11 radar kubva kuphantoms yeBritish Navy), Thomson- CSF ine rezinesi musoro-kumusoro kuratidza uye Lear kuverenga navigation system -Siegler 501OBL. MaT-2s aive akashongedzerwa ne21st uye 22nd squadrons, uyezve 3rd, 6th uye 8th squadrons, kwavakashandiswa hunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa kurwisa uye kurwisa zvibodzwa zvegungwa neASM-1 anti-ship missile. Zvakare, vaive vakapakata zvombo zveAIM-9E Sidewinder. Vakadzimwa basa muna 2006. Vakatsiviwa neKawasaki T-4 seyepamusoro-soro mudzidzisi ndege, uye kurwisa zvinangwa zvehondo, Mitsubishi F-2.

Muna 1973, Mitsubishi yakapihwa kondirakiti yekugadzira imwe-seat yekurwisa vhezheni yeT-2, iyo yakatanga kunzi T-2 Kai uye gare gare F-1. Shanduko dzaive shoma, nenzvimbo yemagetsi ichitsiva yechipiri cab, zvino yakafukidzwa nesimbi yakavharwa. Mitsetse miviri yezvombo yakawedzerwa pasi pemapapiro. Iyo J / AWG-12 radar yakaunzwa, yakateedzerwa paRAF Phantom radar. Uye zvakare, iyo F-1 yaive neiyo Mitsubishi J / ASN-1 inertial navigation system, iyo J / A24G-3 navigation komputa uye iyo J / APR-3 yambiro chiteshi.

Kufanana neveT-2s vane zvombo, iyo F-1 zvakare yaive ne61 mm M1A20 Vulcan cannon ine mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu emabhomba. Kutsigira mauto epasi, JLAU-750 / A midziyo ine 3-mm maroketi uye general-chinangwa mabhomba Mk 70 (82 kg) uye M227 (117 kg) yakashandiswa. Huwandu hweAIM-340E Sidewinder air-to-air makombora akatakurwa awedzerwa kusvika mana. Iyo F-9 yaive zvakare yakashongedzerwa neASM-1 anti-ship missile, yakazotsiviwa neatsva ASM-1 makomba ane zvakapetwa katatu.

Muna 1977-1987, 77 F-1 fighter-bombers yakagadzirwa. Vakaiswa mubasa rechitatu, 3th uye 6th squadrons, kwavakashandiswa pamwe chete neT-8. Dzakashandiswa kusvika 2 uye dzakamiswa neT-2006. Vakatsiviwa mumutsara weF-2.

Muna 1977-1987, 77 F-1 fighter-bombers yakagadzirwa. Dzakashandiswa pamwe chete neT-2 kurwa kudzidzira ndege. Magadzirirwo ese ari maviri akamiswa muna 2006.

nhasi

JPSS inotungamirwa muTokyo. Iro dzimbahwe rine madhairekitori matanhatu makuru: general (management), hurongwa hwekushanda (une basa rekuronga nekuita mabasa), rutsigiro nenjere (kuona zviitiko uye kuunganidza data pamusoro pemuvengi), vashandi uye kudzidziswa (vashandi manejimendi uye kudzidziswa kutonga). vashandi vendege), logistics (kutenga nekugadzirisa) uye kusimudzira (tsvakurudzo nekusimudzira uye kutenga michina).

Iwo murairo une basa rekudzivirira kwemhepo kwezvitsuwa zvekumba zveJapan uye zvitsuwa zvese zviri pedyo, tsigiro yeMaritime Self-Defense Force mukudzivirira nzira dzekuenda kunzvimbo dzeJapan, kutsigirwa kweGround Self-Defense Force mumabasa ekudzivirira, zvakare. sekuongorora uye kuongorora. state security environment. Kuve nechokwadi chezviitiko zvemamwe marudzi emauto ehondo, kunze kwekuvhara kwemhepo uye kutsigirwa kwemhepo yepedyo, kunosanganisirawo kutakura, kubviswa kwehutsanana, kununura mhepo uye chivharo chemagetsi.

Zvakare, kuumbwa kwenzvimbo yakachengeteka yepasirese kunosanganisira kudzivirira kwakajairika, pamwe chete nemaitiro ekuvaka chivimbo nekuratidzira nzvimbo yekudzivirira, kukoka vanocherekedza kuti vaite maekisesaizi, kutsigira zvirongwa zvekubvisa zvombo uye kuchengetedza mibatanidzwa, kunyanya neUnited States, pamwe nekubatana kwekudzivirira. neRepublic of Korea neAustralia.

Japan inoona kutyisidzira kwemauto kwakawanda kuchengetedzeka kwayo. The 2018 Japan Defence White Paper inoti: Kune ruzhinji rwenyika dzine simba repamusoro remauto munharaunda yeJapan, pakati payo pane makakatanwa akasiyana ematunhu, kusanganisira chishuwo chekubatanidza nyika mbiri dzeKorea.

Iwo matatu makuru madhairekitori ekutyisidzira iDPRK, iyo PRC neRussian Federation, ayo ari kufambisa basa remauto kutenderera zvitsuwa zveJapan. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti vese vane zvombo zvenyukireya uye mota dzavo dzekutakura dzinokwanisa kutyisidzira nharaunda yeJapan. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo PRC neRussian Federation vane masimba akakosha echinyakare anokwanisa kuita zviito zvinogumbura kuJapan.

Kudzivirirwa kwemhepo

Iyo Air Defence Command, iri panzvimbo yeYokota padyo neTokyo, ine mirairo ina yedunhu, inobata zvakananga nezvekudzivirira kwemhepo kweJapan. Nharaunda yenyika yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina zvekudzivirira kwemhepo: Maodzanyemba (Hokkaido uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwechitsuwa chikuru cheHonshu), Central (pakati pechitsuwa cheHonshu chine guta guru renyika), Western (chikamu chekumadokero kwechitsuwa. yeHonshu neShikoku neKyushu) uye Maodzanyemba Madokero (Ryukyu Islands).