Oiri shanduko mukutapurirana kwemaoko

Iyo mineral base ndeyemafuta echisikigo, kubva pairi nyore distillation uye kubviswa kweparafini, mafuta emafuta eimwe viscosity anowanikwa. Mafuta akadaro haagari kwenguva refu, anoita zvisina kunaka kune tembiricha yakakwira kana yakaderera, asi yakachipa kwazvo.

Mumwe wemisiyano pakati pemakina kutapurirana uye chero mhando yeotomatiki kutapurirana kuvimbika, nekuti mabhokisi mazhinji anomhanya 300-700 zviuru zvemakiromita asati adzokororwa, asi izvi zvinogoneka chete kana nguva dzose uye kwakaringana kuchinja kwemafuta kuchiitwa mukufambiswa kwebhuku.

Mashandisiro anoita mechanic transmission

Hwaro hweiyi rudzi rwegiya bhokisi giya rekufambisa rekugara mesh, ndiko kuti, magiya ekutyaira uye anotyairwa ekumhanya kwega kwega anogara akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe. Muchiitiko ichi, giya rinofambiswa harina kubatanidzwa kune shaft, asi rakaiswa pairi kuburikidza netsono inotakura, nekuda kwekuti inotenderera nyore nyore. Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwebhokisi, mafuta anopinda mavari kana kubva kunze kana kuburikidza negomba mukati me shaft.

Mafuta emotokari

Gear shifting inoitika nekuda kwesynchronizer clutches, iyo yakabatana kune shaft nemeno, asi inogona kufamba kuruboshwe kana kurudyi. Gear couplings inobatanidza imwe kana imwe giya rinofambiswa kune shaft, kuita nayo. Kusiyana kwakaiswa mukati nekunze kwebhokisi, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwebhuku rekutumira.

Mafuta anoita sei

Mafuta ekufambisa (TM) ari mubhokisi anoita mabasa maviri:

• inozora nzvimbo dzekukweshana, kuderedza kupfeka kwavo;
• inotonhodza zvikamu zvose, kubvisa kupisa kubva kumagiya kusvika kumutumbi wakakora wechikwata, unoshanda seradiator.

Oiri inogadzira firimu remafuta panzvimbo yekushanda yekukwesha zvikamu zvinoderedza kukwesha, nekuda kwekuti chidimbu chitete chesimbi yakaoma chinogara kwemakumi emakore akawanda. Izvo zvinowedzera uye zvinoteedzera zvinhu zvinosanganisirwa muoiri zvinowedzera lubricity, uye mune dzimwe nguva inodzoreredza yakasakara simbi nzvimbo. Sezvo kumhanya uye mutoro unowedzera, kupisa kwepamusoro kwegiya kunokwira, saka mvura yekufambisa inopisa pamwe chete navo uye inopisa imba, iyo ine simba guru rekupisa kupisa. Mamwe mamodheru ane radiator inoderedza kupisa kwemafuta.

Kana iyo viscosity kana mamwe ma parameter eiyo transmission fluid isingaite zvinodiwa neanogadzira iyo unit, mhedzisiro yemafuta pane ese ekukwesha zvikamu zvinoshanduka. Zvisinei nekuti pesvedzero yeoiri inoshanduka sei, chiyero chekupfeka chekukwesha chinowedzera uye simbi machipisi kana guruva zvinopinda mumvura yekutapurirana.

Kana iyo unit yakashongedzerwa nemafuta sefa, ipapo mhedzisiro yemachipisi uye guruva pazvikamu zvesimbi ishoma, zvisinei, sezvo mvura inosvibiswa, inowedzera huwandu hwemarara esimbi inopinda mairi uye inokanganisa kupfeka kwegiya.

Kana yanyanya kupisa, mafuta anokoka, kureva kuti, anowedzera oxidize, achiita soot yakaoma, iyo inopa mhepo yekufambisa ruvara rutema. Oiri soot inowanzovhara machani mukati me shaft, uye zvakare inoderedza lubricity yekutapurirana, saka iyo yakawanda soot mumvura, inokwira yekupfeka kwezvikamu zvekukwesha. Kana magiya kana zvimwe zvinhu zvemukati megiya bhokisi zvakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya, kuzadza mumvura nyowani hakuchabatsiri, nekuti yakaonda simbi yakaomeswa yakaparadzwa, saka bhokisi rinoda kugadziridzwa kukuru.

Kangani kuchinja mafuta

Nekunyatsoshanda kwemotokari, mafuta ari mukufambisa anopfuura 50-100 zviuru zvemakiromita asati atsiviwa, zvisinei, kana motokari inoshandiswa kutakura mitoro inorema kana kutyaira nokukurumidza, zviri nani kuderedza mileage. Izvi zvinowedzera zvishoma mutengo wekugadzirisa mota, asi zvinowedzera hupenyu hwechinyorwa chekufambisa. Kana iyo migodhi yakanyungudutswa kana ichichinja mafuta mugwaro rekufambisa isinganhuwi yakatsva uye haina kusviba, saka iwe unoshandura iyo TM nenguva, uye sosi yekufambisa inopedzwa nekumhanya zvishoma.

Oiri shanduko

Maitiro ekuchinja oiri mune yekufambisa manyorerwo anosanganisira matatu matanho:

• kusarudzwa kwemvura yekufambisa uye zvinoshandiswa;
• waste drain;
• kudurura zvinhu zvitsva.

Kusarudzwa kwemvura yekufambisa

Mirayiridzo yekushandisa yemakina mazhinji inoratidza imwe mhando yemafuta, kazhinji kubva kumabhizinesi evanodyidzana eanotumira kana kugadzira mota. Nekudaro, pakuchinja kwemafuta kwakaringana mukufambisa kwemanyorero, haisi iyo mhando kana mhando yemvura yakakosha, asi maitiro ayo chaiwo, kunyanya:

• SAE viscosity;
• API kirasi;
• base type.

Iyo SAE parameter inotsanangura viscosity yemvura yekufambisa zvichienderana nezvinhu zviviri:

• kunze tembiricha;
• tembiricha munzvimbo yekutarisa.

Iyo SAE yechando inotapurira mvura inotsanangurwa muchimiro "xx W xx", apo madhijiti maviri ekutanga anotsanangura tembiricha yekunze yekunze iyo mafuta anochengeta lubricity, uye manhamba echipiri anotsanangura viscosity pa100 degrees Celsius.

Iyo API kirasi inotsanangura chinangwa chemafuta, ndiko kuti, ndeapi mhando yemabhokisi egiya avanotarirwa uye anoratidzirwa nemavara GL anoteverwa nenhamba, inova kirasi. Kune mota dzevatakuri, mafuta emakirasi GL-3 - GL-6 akakodzera. Asi, pane zvisingakwanisi, somuenzaniso, GL-4 chete inokodzera mabhokisi ane synchronizers akagadzirwa nesimbi isina-ferrous, kana iwe ukazadza GL-5, ipapo zvikamu izvi zvichakurumidza kukundikana. Nokudaro, mirairo yemugadziri inofanira kunyatsoteverwa.

Rudzi rwechigadziko ndicho chinhu icho TM inogadzirwa, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira kwayo. Kune 3 mhando dzebhesi:

• mineral;
• semi-synthetic;
• synthetic.

Iyo mineral base ndeyemafuta echisikigo, kubva pairi nyore distillation uye kubviswa kweparafini, mafuta emafuta eimwe viscosity anowanikwa. Mafuta akadaro haagari kwenguva refu, anoita zvisina kunaka kune tembiricha yakakwira kana yakaderera, asi yakachipa kwazvo.

A synthetic base ioiri inoshandurwa necatalytic hydrocracking (deep distillation) kuita lubricant inogadzikana zvakanyanya pakudziya kwese ine hupenyu hwesevhisi hwakareba kupfuura mineral one.

A semi-synthetic base musanganiswa wemaminerari uye ekugadzira zvinhu muzvikamu zvakasiyana, inosanganisa zvirinani kuita paramita pane mvura yemamineral uye mutengo wakaderera.

Maitiro ekusarudza gearbox mafuta

Tsvaga bepa kana yemagetsi kuraira bhuku remotokari yako uye tarisa zvinodikanwa zveTM ipapo. Wobva watsvaga mafuta anozadzisa zvizere izvi zvinodiwa uye sarudza iyo yaunoda zvakanyanya. Vamwe varidzi vemotokari vanosarudza kutora TM chete yekugadzirwa kwekunze pasi pemhando dzinozivikanwa, vachitya kuti mafuta eRussia akanyanya kuipa mumhando. Asi zvinotungamira zvinonetsa, senge GM, iyo Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi mubatanidzwa nevamwe, vakabvumidza oiri kubva kuLukoil neRosneft, iyo inoratidza huwandu hwepamusoro hweTM kubva kune vanogadzira.

Mafuta ekufambisa kwemanyorero emota

Naizvozvo, kushandura mafuta mugiya bhokisi remakanika, haisi iyo TM mhando yakakosha, asi mavambo ayo, nekuti kana mvura yakatengwa ichinyatso kugadzirwa kumafekitori eRosneft kana Lukoil, saka haina kushata kupfuura zvinwiwa zviri pasi. iyo Shell kana Mobile mhando.

Waste drain

Kuvhiya uku kunoitwa nenzira imwechete pamichina yese, asi mota dzine yakaderera clearance dzinotanga dzakakungurutswa mugomba, overpass kana kusimudza, uye mota dzine yakakwira clearance haidi izvi, nekuti unogona kurara pasi kune bhuku rekufambisa mvura. plug.

Kuti ubvise mafuta, ita zvinotevera:

kudziya bhokisi nekutyaira mota kwe3-5 km, kana kusiya injini isingashande kwemaminetsi mashanu-5;

• kana zvichidiwa, kukungurudza motokari pagomba, overpass kana kusimudza;
• bvisa kudzivirira kwejini uye gearbox (kana yakaiswa);
• kutsiva mudziyo wakachena kuti ugamuchire migodhi;
• sunungura chivharo chekudhonza;
• kumirira kusvikira mvura yakasviba yapera zvachose;
• kana zvichidikanwa, shandura O-ring kana plug;
• Pukuta gomba remafuta uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza nemucheka wakachena;
• screw muplug uye simbisa kune inokurudzirwa torque.

Izvi zvinotevedzana zvezviito zvinoshanda kune chero mechanical transmissions, kusanganisira iyo iyo iyo yakasiyana-siyana yakaiswa zvakasiyana (mafuta anodonhedzwa kubva pakusiyanisa maererano nealgorithm yakafanana). Pane dzimwe motokari, hapana chivharo chekudhonza, saka vanobvisa pani, uye kana yakabatanidzwa kubhokisi, vanoisa gasket itsva kana kushandisa sealant.

Kuzadza nemvura nyowani

Oiri nyowani inopihwa kuburikidza negomba rekuzadza, rinowanikwa kuitira kuti, nehuwandu hwakakwana hwemvura, ive padanho repazasi pegomba iri. Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero izvi zvisingakwanisi, semuenzaniso, zvakaoma kuunza sirinji yekuzadza kana hose kugomba, inovhurwa kudzora nhanho, uye HM inodyiswa kuburikidza nemhepo (brether).

Fluid inopihwa kune kutapurirana uchishandisa chimwe chezvishandiso zvinotevera:

• kuzadza system;
• hose inodzivirira mafuta ine funnel;
• sirinji hombe.

Iyo yekuzadza sisitimu haienderane neyese kutumira, kana isina kukodzera kune rimwe bhokisi, iwe uchafanirwa kuisa iyo yakakodzera adapta. Iyo mafuta inodzivirira hose inowirirana nezvose zvinotumirwa, zvisinei vanhu 2 vanodiwa pakuzadza uku. Zvinogoneka kuisa TM nejekiseni kunyangwe uri wega, asi hazvisi nyore nguva dzose kuiisa mugomba rekuzadza.

Verenga zvakare: Steering rack damper - chinangwa uye kumisikidza mitemo

mhedziso

Kuchinja oiri mugwaro rekufambisa kunowedzera hupenyu hwebhokisi nekuderedza kusakara pane ese ekukwesha zvikamu. Iye zvino unoziva:

• ndeapi matanho anofanirwa kutorwa kuti uchinje mafuta mumanyorerwo ekufambisa;
• nzira yekusarudza mvura itsva yekufambisa;
• nzira yekubatanidza migodhi;
• sei kuisa girisi itsva.

Kuita nenzira iyi, unogona kuzvimiririra, pasina kubata sevhisi yemotokari, shandura TM mune chero mechanic transmission.

Sei uchichinja mafuta mune bhuku rekufambisa uye maitiro ekuchinja mafuta mune bhuku rekufambisa