Ita-iwe-iwe pachako kutsiva kwevhavha stem seals, kutungamira bushings uye mavharuvhu paVAZ 2106.

Vaz 2106, kufanana chero imwe motokari, inoda nguva nenguva kugadziriswa uye kugadziriswa panguva yekushanda. Kana utsi hwebhuruu hwakaonekwa kubva papombi yekupedza uye panguva imwechete kushandiswa kwemafuta ejini kwakawedzera, zvino zvingangoita kuti nguva yasvika yekutsiva zvisimbiso zvevhavha. Maitiro ekugadzirisa ari nyore uye ane mashoma seti yezvishandiso, kunyangwe anofarira mota ane ruzivo rushoma anogona kuzviita.

Oiri scraper caps yeVAZ 2106 injini

Valve stem seals kana zvisimbiso zvevharuvhu zvinodzivirira zvakanyanya mafuta kuti asapinde muinjini. Chikamu chacho chinogadzirwa nerabha rakanyatsogadzirwa iro rinopera nekufamba kwenguva, zvichitungamira mukudonha kwemafuta. Somugumisiro, kushandiswa kwemafuta kunowedzera. Saka, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise zvakadzama kuti chikamu ichi chii, sei uye riini kuchitsiva neVAZ 2106.

Oil scraper caps inodzivirira mafuta kuti asapinda mukamuri rinopisa

Sei tichida

Dhizaini yesimba remagetsi rine mavharuvhu ekupinza uye ekubuda. Dzinde revharuvhu rinogara richisangana necamshaft, zvichikonzera mhute ine mafuta. Iyo yekumashure chikamu chevharuvhu yekudya inowanikwa munzvimbo yekugara iripo yemadonhwe madiki emafuta kana munzvimbo yeanopisa anopisa magasi, ayo akajairika kune epoust valve. Kushanda kwakaringana kwecamshaft hakugoneki pasina lubrication, asi kuitora mukati memasilinda inzira isingadikanwi. Munguva yekudzoreredza kufamba kwevhavha, mafuta anobviswa kubva padzinde rayo neiyo stuffing bhokisi siketi.

Dzidza zvimwe nezve VAZ 2106 injini kusashanda zvakanaka: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/poleznoe/ne-zavoditsya-vaz-2106.html

Zviratidzo zvekupfeka

Panguva yekushanda kweinjini, mavharuvhu anoiswa pasi pekukakavadzana nguva dzose, pamwe chete nehasha mhedzisiro yemafuta uye gasi rinopedza simba. Izvi zvinotungamira kune chokwadi chekuti rubber kubva kune iyo yekukwesha chikamu chebhokisi rekuisa inoomesa, iyo mipendero yekushanda yecap inopera. Pasinei nehupamhi hwezvinhu, chikamu chinofanira kuchinjwa nekufamba kwenguva. Kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwezvivharo, unofanirwa kushandisa emhando yepamusoro injini yemafuta.

Ivhareji yehupenyu hwebasa revhavhavha zvisimbiso inenge 100 zviuru zvemakiromita.

Kana zvisimbiso zvevharuvhu zvapfekwa, kushandiswa kwemafuta kunowedzera, soot inoonekwa pamakenduru, mavharuvhu, piston.

Icho chokwadi chekuti zvisimbiso zvave zvisingashande uye yave nguva yekuzvishandura zvinoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvehunhu:

• utsi hwebhuruu hunobuda mumufuri;
• injini yekushandisa mafuta inowedzera;
• spark plugs akafukidzwa nesoot.

Vhidhiyo: chiratidzo chekupfeka pavhavha stem seals

Chiratidzo chekupfeka chisimbiso chevharuvhu! chikamu 1

Nguva yekuchinja uye yei

Kana iyo valve stem seals isingaenderane nebasa ravakapihwa, mafuta anotanga kupinda mucylinder. Nekudaro, maererano nezviratidzo zvakaratidzwa, munhu haagone kuve nechokwadi chakazara chekupfeka kwechikamu chiri mubvunzo, sezvo lubricant inogona zvakare kupinda mukamuri yekupisa kana zvindori zvepiston zvakuvadzwa kana kupera. Kuti uone kuti chii chaizvo chinoda kutsiviwa - zvindori kana zvisimbiso, unofanirwa kutarisa kupera kana mota ichifamba. Kana, paunenge uchibhureki injini, iwe ukadzvanya gasi pedal uye hutsi hwebluish hunoonekwa kubva kune exhaust system, izvi zvinoratidza kupfeka pavharuvhu stem seals. Mamiriro akafanana achaonekwa mushure mekupaka kwenguva refu kwemotokari.

Kuonekwa kweutsi kubva kune muffler ndeimwe yezviratidzo zvekukundikana kwevhavha seals.

Kuonekwa kweutsi panguva yezviito zvinotsanangurwa zvinogona kutsanangurwa sezvinotevera: kana kusungirirwa pakati pevhavha yevhavha uye sleeve yemutungamiri inoputsika, mafuta anopinda mumasilinda kubva kumusoro wekuvhara. Kana zvindori zvepiston zvakapfekwa kana kuitika kwavo, mota ichaita zvakasiyana.

Kugara Kwemhete - Mhete haikwanise kubuda mumapiston grooves nekuda kwekabhoni deposits.

Kana pane dambudziko nemhete dzepiston mumagetsi emagetsi, ipapo utsi hunobva kune muffler huchaonekwa kana uchishanda pasi pemutoro, i.e. paunenge uchityaira motokari nemutoro, kutyaira kwakasimba. Kupfeka kwemhete kunogona kutsanangurwa zvisina kunanga nekuderera kwesimba, kuwedzera kwemafuta ekushandisa uye kutaridzika kwezvinetso panotanga injini.

Kuziva kuti ungaziva sei kupfeka kwevhavha stem seals, inoramba ichitsvaga kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvekuisa paVAZ 2106. Nhasi, zvikamu zvevagadziri vakasiyana zvinopiwa pamasherufu emotokari dzemotokari. Naizvozvo, varidzi vemotokari vane mubvunzo une musoro, ndeupi wekupa sarudzo? Icho chokwadi ndechekuti pakati pezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, pane akawanda fakes. Kune "vatanhatu" tinogona kukurudzira kuiswa kwevhavha stem seals kubva kuElring, Victor Reinz, Corteco uye SM.

Vamwe vevagadziri vakanakisa vevharuvhu stem seals ndiElring, Victor Reinz, Corteco uye SM

Kutsiva valve stem seals

Usati waenderera mberi nekutsiviwa kwevhavha seals, zvinodikanwa kugadzirira chishandiso:

• desiccant;
• zvinononoka;
• seti yekiyi;
• tsvimbo yetini solder ine dhayamita ye8 mm;
• nyundo;
• refu mhino pliers kana magnetic handle.

Kuti utsive mavharuvhu stem seals, iwe uchada cracker, tin bar, screwdriver, refu-mhino pliers, sando, seti yemakiyi.

Ipapo iwe unogona kuenderera nekugadzirisa maitiro mune inotevera nhevedzano:

1. Bvisa iyo yakaipa terminal kubva mubhatiri, mhepo sefa uye chivharo chevhavha.
   

   Kuti ubvise chivharo chevhavha, iwe uchada kubvisa mhepo sefa uye imba.
2. Isu tinoshandura crankshaft kuitira kuti mucherechedzo uri pa camshaft giya uenderane neiyo protrusion pane inotakura imba, iyo inoenderana neTDC ye1 uye 4 silinda.
   

   Iyo nguva yekumisikidza inofanirwa kusetwa kune TDC 1 uye 4 masilinda
3. Isu tinosunungura yekukiya washer uye tinosunungura giya rekukwira bhoti.
4. Isu tinosunungura chivharo nut yeketani tensioner uye, tichidzvanya tensioner shangu ne screwdriver, simbisa nut.
   

   Kuti usunungure kushushikana kweketani, iwe uchada kusunungura zvishoma cap nut
5. Sunungura camshaft gear fastener.
   

   Uchishandisa kiyi gumi nenomwe, sunungura bhaudhi kuchengetedza camshaft sprocket
6. Kudzivirira asterisk kubva pakudonha uye kusunungura kubva kumaketani, tinovabatanidza netambo.
7. Isu tinosunungura kusungirirwa kwecamshaft inotakura dzimba uye kubvisa michina, pamwe nematombo ane zvitubu.
   

   Nzungu dzekusungirira hadzina kuvharwa uye imba inotakura inobviswa, pamwe nematombo ane zvitubu.
8. Isu tinobvisa waya-yakakwirira-voltage kubva kune spark plugs, shandura makenduru ivo pachavo uye isa tsvimbo yetini mugomba kuitira kuti kuguma kwayo kuve pakati pepiston nevhavha.
   

   Kuti vharavha irege kuwira muhumburumbira, simbi yakapfava inopinzwa mugomba rekenduru.
9. Ne cracker, tinodzvinyirira zvitubu zvevhavha yekutanga uye, tichishandisa mhino refu-mhino kana kuti magnetic handle, bvisa crackers.
   

   Iyo yakaoma inogadziriswa papini yakatarisana nevhavha kubva iyo inorongwa kubvisa crackers. Chitubu chinodzvanywa kusvika makorokoza aburitswa
10. Bvisa valve disc uye zvitubu.
    

    Isu tinobvisa ndiro uye zvitubu kubva pavhavha
11. Tinoisa dhiraivha pabhokisi rekuisa uye kubvisa chikamu kubva pavhavha.
    

    Oiri scraper cap inobviswa kubva pahunde yevharuvhu uchishandisa screwdriver kana puller
12. Isu tinonyorovesa chivharo chitsva nemafuta einjini uye toidzvanya neinodhonza yakafanana, chete nedivi rekumashure.
    

    Usati waisa chivharo chitsva, mupendero wayo wekushanda uye dzinde zvakazorwa neoiri yeinjini.
13. Isu tinoita maitiro akafanana nemavharuvhu mana.
14. Isu tinoshandura crankshaft hafu yekutendeuka uye tinotsiva zvisimbiso zvemafuta pa2 uye 3 mavharuvhu. Kutenderedza crankshaft nekuisa piston kuTDC, tinotsiva mamwe ese zvisimbiso zvemafuta.
15. Mushure mekutsiva zvikamu, tinoisa crankshaft kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga uye tinounganidza zvinhu zvese mukurongeka.

Vhidhiyo: kutsiva zvisimbiso zvevharuvhu paVAZ "classic"

KUTSVANISWA KWEOIL CAPS VAZ CLASSIC

Panguva yegungano, gadzirisa mavharuvhu ekuchenesa uye simbisa ketani.

Kutsiva injini mavharuvhu VAZ 2106

Kashoma, asi dambudziko rakadaro rinoitika kana vharafu kana mavharuvhu akati wandei achida kutsiviwa. Kana chikamu ichi chikakuvadzwa, kudzvanywa muhumburumbira kunodonha uye simba rinoderera. Nokudaro, kugadzirisa inzira inodiwa yekudzorera kushanda kwechikwata chemagetsi.

Mavharuvhu anogona kugadziriswa here?

Zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvekutsiva mavharuvhu ndezvekuti chikamu chinopisa kana kuti dzinde rinokotama nekuda kwechikonzero chimwe kana chimwe, semuenzaniso, nekunetseka kusimba kana kutyora nguva yekutyaira. Iyo iri nyore uye inokwanisika nzira yekugadzirisa ndeye kutsiva iyo yakakuvadzwa chinhu. Mari yevhavhavha yeVAZ 2106 haina kukwirira zvakanyanya kuedza kudzorera chikamu ichi, kunyanya sezvo izvi zvisingaitiki nguva dzose.

Muchiitiko chekutsva kwevhavha kana kuti stem bending, chikamu chiri nyore kutsiva pane kudzorera

Kutsiva vatungamiriri

Mavharuvhu anotungamira muhumburumbira anoita mabasa akati wandei:

• kubvisa kupisa;
• kuisa valve pamusoro pegomba;
• kuve nechokwadi chekushandiswa kwemafuta mashoma.

Mavharuvhu anotungamira anovimbisa kufamba kwakaringana kwevharuvhu uye inoda kutsiviwa kana yakasakara

Chikamu chinogadzirwa nesimbi uye chinoiswa mumusoro weblock nekudzvanya. Nokufamba kwenguva, bushings inopera uye inoda kutsiviwa, iyo inoitwa muzviitiko zvinotevera:

• kushandiswa kwemafuta kunowedzera, uye utsi hwebhuruu hunobuda mupombi yepombi;
• kana injini iri kushanda, ruzha rwechimiro chinobuda kubva mumusoro wecylinder;
• block head overhaul.

Zvimwe nezve cylinder head device: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/grm/poryadok-zatyazhki-golovki-bloka-cilindrov-vaz-2106.html

Kuti uite basa, unofanirwa kugadzirira chishandiso chakadaro:

• seti yeakavhurika-magumo uye spanner wrenches;
• seti yemisoro;
• crank;
• torque chipanera;
• screwdrivers;
• pliers;
• mount;
• kiyi yekutenderedza crankshaft;
• dhonza kuvhura mavharuvhu;
• nyundo;
• mandrel yekugogodza kunze nekutsikirira makwenzi;
• 8.025 mm kureba.

Ipapo iwe unogona kutanga nzira yekugadzirisa:

1. Isu tinobvisa imba yekusefa yemhepo uye sefa pachayo.
2. Bvisa chinotonhorera kubva mugadziriro yekutonhodza.
   

   Kubvisa antifreeze, plug inoburitswa pacylinder block, uye pombi paradiyeta.
3. Sunungura iyo carburetor hose clamps, uye wozobvisa iwo hose pachayo.
   

   Isu tinosunungura mabhanhire ese anochengetedza carburetor hoses uye tisimbise iwo
4. Isu tinobvisa chinosundira che accelerator pedal uye tinosunungura tambo yekusveta.
5. Isu tinosunungura zvisungo zve carburetor uye tinobvisa gungano kubva mumotokari.
   

   Kuti ubvise carburetor kubva muinjini, bvisa 4 nzungu ne 13 wrench.
6. Isu tinosunungura kusungirirwa kwepombi yekupinda kune yakawanda yekubuda.
   

   Isu tinobvisa pombi yekuburitsa kubva kune yakawanda yekuburitsa nekusunungura zvisungo kubva kune mana nzungu.
7. Ne 10 musoro kana socket wrench, sunungura nuts kuchengetedza chivharo chevhavha, uye woibvisa kubva mumotokari.
8. Isu tinosunungura zvigadziro zvemugovera uye tinozvibvisa pamwe chete ne-high-voltage waya.
   

   Isu tinobvisa iyo ignition distributor pamwe chete newaya
9. Isu tinosunungura camshaft sprocket bolt, bvisa gear uye uigadzirise pamwe chete neketani netambo.
10. Isu tinosunungura kusungirirwa kweimba inotakura uye tinobvisa gungano kubva pamusoro webhokisi.
11. Isu tinobvisa musoro wecylinder kubva muinjini nekusunungura zvisungo zvinoenderana.
    

    Kuti ubvise musoro wecylinder kubva mujini, bvisa mabhaudhi gumi
12. Isu tinoshandisa chinodhonza kuti tisunungure mavharuvhu.
13. Isu tinodzvanya bhurawuza rinotungamira tichishandisa mandrel, yatinorova nesando.
    

    Mabhushi ekare anotsikirirwa kunze nemandrel nenyundo
14. Kuisa chikamu chitsva, tinoisa mhete yekuchengetedza uye, tichirova mandrel nenyundo, shandisa sleeve kusvika mundege. Tinotanga kuisa maitirwo mufiriji kwezuva, uye kupisa musoro we silinda kwemaminitsi mashanu mumvura inopisa inenge 60 C.
    

    Iyo bushing nyowani inopinzwa muchigaro uye yakatsikirirwa mukati nesando uye mandrel.
15. Kushandisa reamer, tinogadzirisa gomba kune dhayamita yaidiwa.
    

    Mushure mekuisa bhurashi rinotungamira mumusoro, zvinodikanwa kuti uzvikodzere uchishandisa reamer
16. Unganidza mumutemo wakatarisa.

Iyo inotungamira bushings yemavharuvhu ekutora ipfupi zvishoma pane iyo yemavharuvhu ekuburitsa.

Vhidhiyo: kutsiva madhairekitori evharuvhu

Kutsiva iyo inotungamira bushings yeVAZ mavharuvhu nenzira dzakagadziridzwa

Chigaro chinotsiviwa

Zvigaro zvevharuvhu, semavharuvhu pachawo, anogara achishanda pakudziya kwakanyanya. Nokufamba kwenguva, mhando dzakasiyana dzekukuvadza dzinogona kuoneka pazvinhu: kutsva, kuputika, makungu. Kana musoro wevhavha wakaiswa pasi pekupisa, ipapo kusaruramisa kwechigaro uye valve kunogoneka, izvo zvinotungamirira mukurasikirwa kwekusimba pakati pezvinhu izvi. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti chigaro chiri padivi peaxis yecam inopera nekukurumidza kupfuura mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Pamusana pekushanda nguva dzose kwezvigaro zvevhavha pakupisa kwepamusoro, nzvimbo yekushanda yechikamu inopera nekufamba kwenguva

Kutsiva chigaro, chinofanira kubviswa pachigaro. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nezvishandiso zvakasiyana uye zvishandiso:

• muchina;
• electric drill;
• nyundo ine muromo wesimbi;
• vharafu yekare.

Chigaro chine musoro wecylinder chinogona kubviswa munzira dzinoverengeka:

1. Pamuchina. Chigaro chinoiswa pasi pekufinha, simbi inova mutete, simba rinoderera. Mushure mekugadzirisa, chikamu chakasara chinoshandurwa uye chinobviswa ne pliers.
2. Chibooreso chemagetsi. Denderedzwa remhando yeabrasive yedhayamita yakakodzera inosungirirwa mudhill chuck uye simbi yechigaro inogadziriswa. Muchigadziro chekugaya, mhirizhonga inosunungurwa, iyo ichakubvumira kubvisa chikamu kubva pachigaro.
3. Welding. Ivhavha yekare inosungirirwa pachigaro, mushure mokunge zvikamu zvose zviri zviviri zvinogogodzwa nenyundo.

Varuvhu yekare inosungirirwa pachigaro munzvimbo dzakawanda, iyo inodonhedzwa pamwe chete nechigaro nenyundo.

Chigaro chitsva chinoiswa sezvinotevera:

1. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekusimba kwakakodzera, musoro webhuroko unopisa pachitofu kusvika ku100 ° C, uye zvigaro zvinoiswa mufiriji kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere.
2. Uchishandisa chishandiso, chikamu chitsva chinodzvanywa mumusoro wecylinder.
3. Kana musoro watonhora, zvisharo zvinonyura.

Iyo yakanakisa sarudzo yechamfering, zvese maererano nekumhanya uye mhando, muchina. Pamusoro pemichina yakakosha, chikamu chinogona kugadzikiswa zvakasimba, uye mucheki anogona kuve akajeka pakati, izvo zvinoita kuti basa repamusoro rakarurama. Sezvo asiri ese muridzi wemota ane mukana wekushandisa yakakosha muchina, unogona kutendeukira kune yemagetsi drill uye cutters.

Kucheka chamfer pachigaro chevhavha, vateki vane makona akasiyana vanoshandiswa.

Nechishandiso ichi, iwe uchafanirwa kucheka mipendero mitatu pachisharo:

• zvekunze (60˚);
• zvemukati (30˚);
• nechepakati (45˚).

Mupendero wepakati inzvimbo yekushanda iyo valve inosangana nayo.

Vhidhiyo: nzira yekutsiva chigaro chevharuvhu

Pakupera kwekuita, mavharuvhu ari pasi uye cylinder musoro inoungana.

Kurovera uye kuisa mavharuvhu

Mavharuvhu anogadzikwa kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuomarara kwekamuri rinopisa. Kana mhepo nemafuta zvikapinda mairi, kushanda kwakagadzikana kwejini kuchavhiringidzika. Kuvhara kunodiwa kwete chete munyaya yekugadziriswa kukuru kwehumburumbira musoro, i.e. pakutsiva mavharuvhu uye zvigaro, asiwo nezvikanganiso zvidiki mundege yekusangana.

Iyo nzira inogona kuitwa nenzira dzakawanda:

• pamidziyo yakakosha;
• manual cutter;
• zviite iwe pachako.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, varidzi vemotokari dzemhuri yeVAZ vanoita basa rakadaro nemaoko. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe uchada zvinotevera zvishandiso uye zvinhu:

• manual kana magetsi drill nekukwanisa kugadzirisa kukurumidza;
• abrasive paste;
• chitubu;
• parafini.

Chitubu chacho chinofanira kunge chakasimba zvokuti chinogona kusvinwa nemaoko pasina kuoma kukuru.

Mushure mekugadzirira maturusi, unogona kuenda kubasa:

1. Isu tinoisa chitubu pachitsiko chevhavha uye tinochiisa panzvimbo mumusoro wecylinder.
   

   Kukuya mavharuvhu pahunde isa pachitubu
2. Isu tinopinza tsinde yevharuvhu muchibooreso uye tinoisunga.
3. Isa abrasive paste kune iyo yapping surface.
   

   Abrasive paste inoiswa kune yakapetwa pamusoro
4. Isu tinotenderedza vharuvhu nemaoko kana nemagetsi drill pakaderera kumhanya (500 rpm) mumativi ese maviri.
   

   Ivhavha ine hunde yakasungirirwa muchibooreso chechuck inobatwa nekumhanya kwakaderera
5. Tinogaya ndege kusvika dzagomara.
   

   Mushure mekuputika, nzvimbo yekushanda yevhavha uye chigaro inofanira kuva matte
6. Mushure mokupedza nzira nemavharuvhu ose, tinoapukuta neparafini, uye toachenesa nemucheka wakachena.

Mavharuvhu akaiswa mune reverse order ye disassembly.

Chivharo chevhavha

КIvhavhavhavhavhavha inodzivirira nguva yekumisikidza kubva kune ekunze pesvedzero, pamwe nekubva pakudonha kwe lubricant kuenda kunze. Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, smudges yemafuta inogona kuonekwa pane injini, iyo inokonzerwa nekukuvara kwegasket. Muchiitiko ichi, chisimbiso chinoda kuchinjwa.

Nezve chain drive mudziyo: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/grm/kak-vystavit-metki-grm-na-vaz-2106.html

Gasket kutsiva

Kuti utsive gasket, iwe uchada kubvisa chivharo. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe uchada zvinotevera zvishandiso:

• misoro ye8 ne10;
• extension;
• ratchet kana crank;
• pliers

Zvadaro, tinoenderera mberi nekugadzirisa nzira:

1. Isu tinosunungura nuts kuchengetedza chivharo chemhepo, bvisa iyo uye sefa pachayo.
2. Isu tinosunungura nuts kuchengetedza imba uye kuibvisa, mushure mekudhonza kubva kune crankcase exhaust hose.
3. Bvisa iyo carburetor throttle drive yekubatanidza.
   

   Bvisa iyo throttle link kubva kune carburetor
4. Isu tinobvisa tambo yekudzora damper yemhepo, iyo yatinosunungura nut ne8 uye screw ye flat screwdriver.
   

   Kuti ubvise tambo yekusveta kubva kune carburetor, sunungura nati uye screw
5. Isu tinosunungura kusungirirwa kwevhavhavha yevhavha neine socket wrench kana 10 musoro.
   

   Isu tinosunungura zvisungo zvevhavha yevhavha nemusoro kana socket wrench ne10
6. Isu tinobvisa chivharo.
   

   Mushure mekusunungura zvisungo, bvisa chivharo
7. Isu tinobvisa gasket yekare uye tinochenesa pamusoro pechifukidziro uye cylinder musoro panzvimbo iyo chisimbiso chinokodzera.
   

   Isu tinobvisa gasket yekare uye tinochenesa pamusoro pechifukidziro uye cylinder musoro panzvimbo iyo chisimbiso chinokodzera.
8. Isu tinopfeka gasket nyowani uye tinoungana mune reverse order.

Kuti chivharo chigadzirwe zvakanaka, marimu anosimbiswa mune imwe nzira.

Paunenge uchiisa chivharo chevhavha, nuts yekusimbisa kwayo inofanira kusimbiswa mune imwe nzira.

Kana zvikave zvakakosha kutsiva zvisimbiso zvevhavha kana mavharuvhu pachawo ane zvinhu zvinovimbisa kushanda kwavo kwakajairika, hazvifanirwe kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kune chiteshi chebasa. Kutevera mirairo-nhanho-nhanho, basa rekugadzirisa rinogona kuitwa nemaoko.