Railway huchenjeri: kuita shuwa kuti dhiziri haikundike kunyangwe paminus 50
Hafu yehurefu hwezvitima zveRussia hazvireve kushandiswa kwezvitima zvemagetsi. Ngoro dzedu dzichiri kudhonzwa nedhiziri locomotive - locomotive, inova mutsivi wakananga weiyo steam locomotive, uye ine yakafanana injini yedhiziri inoiswa pamotokari. Vamwe vashoma chete. Vashandi veRussia Railways vanorwisa sei chando, uye bhatiri rinofanirwa kunge riri saizi ipi kuti utange chitima?
Nguva yechando inguva yakaoma kwete yemotokari nevaridzi vadzo chete. Migwagwa mikuru yeNyika Huru haisati iri migwagwa mikuru, asi njanji. Makiromita ane zviuru makumi masere neshanu, umo mazana ezvitima zvekutakura uye zvinotakura vanhu zvinomhanya zuva rega rega. Inopfuura hafu yeiyi nzira haisati yave nemagetsi: dhiziri injini dzinoshanda munzira dzakadaro, dzinowanzowanikwa munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze akaoma uye mamiriro ekunze. Mune mamwe mazwi, dhiziri traction.
Matambudziko einjini dzenjanji dzinomhanya pamafuta "anorema" akafanana chaizvo neaya evatyairiwo zvavo: mafuta edhiziri nemafuta anokora mukutonhora, mafirita anovharwa neparafini. Nenzira, zvitima zvichine nzira inosungirwa yekuchinja girisi kubva muzhizha kuenda kuchando: traction mota, mabhengi, magiya mabhokisi uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinogadziriswa mwaka. Insulate hoses uye mapaipi ekudziyisa system. Ivo vanoisawo akakosha mats ekupisa pamashaft ane anotonhorera radiators - iyi yakaparadzana mhoro kune avo vanoseka kadhibhodhi mune radiator grill.
Mabhatiri haangotariswa chete kuti ane electrolyte density, asiwo insulated, izvo, nenzira, inogona kuva inonakidza mhinduro kune vatyairi vari kuchamhembe latitudes. Bhatiri pachayo i-lead-acid "bhatiri" ine simba re 450-550 A / h uye inorema anenge 70 kg!
"Injini yemoto", semuenzaniso, 16-cylinder V-yakaita "diesel", sevhisi uye gadzirira kutonhora zvakasiyana. Kuti chitima chigare chakagadzirira nzira, pasinei nechando uye kutonhora, muna Gumiguru, kunyatsogadzirira kwezvitima zvechando kunotanga. Kana tembiricha yezuva nezuva inodonha kusvika +15 madhigirii, kupisa kwemitsara yemafuta kunobatidzwa padhiziri locomotives, uye kana thermometer ichidonha kusvika paavhareji yezuva nezuva chiratidzo che +5 degrees, nguva "inopisa" inouya.
Zvechokwadi, maererano nemirairo, kutonhora kwemafuta mujini hakufaniri kunge kwakaderera pane 15-20 degrees, zvichienderana nemuenzaniso we dizeli locomotive. Kudzika kwekushisa kunze, kazhinji injini inodziya. Kana iyo thermometer inosvika pachiyero che -15 madhigirii, injini haichadzimwa.
Iwo mauto e "mafuta anorema" ari kubhururuka mupombi haatyise chero munhu, nekuti muinotonhora system yedhiziri locomotive haina antifreeze kana antifreeze, asi yakanyanya kuwanda mvura. Kunyange kuchamhembe, kunyange munguva yechando. Nei zvakadaro? Hongu, nekuti ingangoita chiuru chemarita ekutonhodza anofanira kudururwa muchitima chedhiziri, asi kusimba kwemapombi ese uye makubatanidza haambove padanho repamusoro.
Nokudaro, zvinokwanisika kuverenga chikamu chehupfumi uye kuuya kune pfungwa yakaoma uye inodhura kuti zviri nani kusajamba zvachose. Uye ndeupi unhu hunofanira kuva antifreeze kuitira kuti urege kutonhora rimwe zuva, somuenzaniso, pa "minus 46" pane imwe nzvimbo pahafu-chiteshi muSiberia? Izvo zvakachipa, zvechokwadi, kwete kudzima, nekuti maitiro ekutonhodza injini haakurumidze zvachose uye, nhamo, haiperi mukubudirira. Uye chitima chinofanira kutevedzera hurongwa hwakasimba, zvisinei nenjodzi.
