ABS, ASR uye ESP. Vabatsiri vatyairi vemagetsi vanoshanda sei?
Yese mota yemazuva ano yakazadzwa nemagetsi anowedzera kunyaradza kwekutyaira uye kuwedzera kuchengeteka. ABS, ASR uye ESP mavara ayo vatyairi vazhinji vakanzwa nezvawo. Zvisinei, havasi vose vanoziva zviri shure kwavo.
ABS is anti-lock braking system. Sensors dziri padivi peimwe neimwe yadzo dzinotumira ruzivo nezve kumhanya kwekutenderera kwemavhiri ega makumi akati wandei pasekondi. Kana ikadonha zvakanyanya kana kudonha kusvika zero, ichi chiratidzo chekuvhara mavhiri. Kudzivirira izvi kuti zvisaitike, iyo ABS control unit inoderedza kudzvanywa kunoitwa pabrake piston yevhiri iroro. Asi chete kusvika panguva iyo vhiri rinogona kutendeuka zvakare. Nekudzokorora nzira yacho kakawanda pasekondi, zvinokwanisika kunyatso bhureki uchichengetedza kugona kufambisa mota, semuenzaniso, kudzivirira kudhumhana nechipingamupinyi. Mota isina ABS mushure mekuvhara mavhiri inotsvedza panjanji. ABS zvakare inodzivirira mota yekubhureki kuti isatsvedza pamusoro pemabatiro akasiyana-siyana. Mumotokari isiri yeABS, semuenzaniso, ine mavhiri ekurudyi munzira ine sinou, kudzvanya bhureki zvine simba kunoita kuti itungamire yakananga kunzvimbo inobatirira.
Mhedzisiro yeABS haifanirwe kuenzaniswa nekupfupisa chinhambwe chekumira. Basa reiyi system nderekupa kutungamira panguva yekukurumidzira braking. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu - semuenzaniso, muchando chakareruka kana mumugwagwa wematombo - ABS inogona kuwedzera chinhambwe chekumira. Kune rumwe rutivi, pamugwagwa wakatsiga, achishandisa zvizere kudhonza kwemavhiri ose, anokwanisa kumisa motokari nokukurumidza kupfuura kunyange mutyairi ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira zvikuru.
Mumotokari ine ABS, emergency braking inogumira pakutsikirira bhureki pasi (haina kuvhurwa). Electronics ichatarisira kugovera kwakaringana kwesimba rekubhureki. Nehurombo, vatyairi vazhinji vanokanganwa pamusoro peizvi - ichi chikanganiso chakakomba, nekuti kudzikisira simba rinoita padhiraivha kunobatsira kurebesa kureba.
Ongororo inoratidza kuti anti-lock mabhureki anogona kuderedza tsaona nechikamu che35%. Nokudaro, hazvishamisi kuti European Union yakatanga kushandiswa kwayo mumotokari itsva (muna 2004), uye muPoland yakave inosungirwa kubva pakati pe2006.
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Kubva 2011-2014, kudzora kwemagetsi kugadzikana kwakave kwakajairwa pamamodhi achangobva kuunzwa uye gare gare pamotokari dzese dzinotengeswa muEurope. ESP inosarudza nzira inodiwa yemutyairi zvichienderana neruzivo rwekumhanya kwevhiri, g-masimba kana kona yekutungamirira. Kana ikatsauka kubva pane chaiyo, ESP inotanga kushanda. Nekusarudza braking mavhiri akasarudzwa uye kudzikamisa injini simba, inodzoreredza kugadzikana kwemotokari. ESP inokwanisa kuderedza mhedzisiro yezvose zviri zviviri understeer (kuenda kunze kwekona yekumberi) uye oversteer (kubvongodza kumashure). Chechipiri cheaya maficha chine simba rakakura kwazvo pakuchengetedza, sezvo vatyairi vazhinji vachinetsekana nekupfuura.
ESP haigoni kutyora mitemo yefizikisi. Kana mutyairi akasagadzirisa kumhanya kune mamiriro kana curve yecurve, iyo system inogona kusakwanisa kubatsira kudzora mota. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuyeuka kuti kushanda kwayo kunokanganisawo nemhando uye mamiriro ematairi, kana mamiriro eiyo shock absorbers uye braking system components.
Mabhureki zvakare chinhu chakakosha cheiyo traction control system, inonzi ASR kana TC. Inofananidza kumhanya kwekutenderera kwemavhiri. Kana skid ichionekwa, iyo ASR inobata slip, iyo inowanzoperekedzwa nekuderedzwa kwesimba rejini. Mhedzisiro ndeyekudzvanya skid uye kuendesa yakawedzera simba rekutyaira kuvhiri nekudhonza kuri nani. Zvisinei, kudzora kudhonza hakusi nguva dzose mubatsiri wemutyairi. Chete ASR inogona kupa zvakanakisa mhedzisiro pachando kana jecha. Nehurongwa hwekushanda, hazvizokwanisiwo "kuzunungusa" motokari, izvo zvingaita kuti zvive nyore kubuda mumusungo unotsvedza.
