Zvombo zvehondo zvePolish Army: 1933-1937
Zvombo zvehondo zvePolish Army: 1933-1937
Runyararo sevhisi yemauto ePoland akashongedzwa nemauto zvinoenderana nemitemo yakakosha ndeimwe nyaya inofanirwa kukurukurwa muhurongwa hwehurukuro huru pamusoro pekugadzirira kwemauto ePoland ehondo iri kuuya. Iyo isinganyanyi kushamisira uye inodzokororwa yekushanda murunyararo kwemauto ehondo akaiswa parutivi nenyaya dzakaita sedhizaini yezvigadzirwa zvechiuto zvemuenzaniso kana kosi yezvidzidzo zvegore negore. Kunyangwe zvisiri zvinoshamisa, zvakasarudzwa zvikamu zvekushanda kwezvombo zvinopa ruzivo rwakawanda rwakakosha nezve mamiriro ezvombo izvi mune mamwe makore.
Zvombo zvakashongedzwa zvemauto ePoland muma20s zvakave nekurongwazve kwakati wandei uye shanduko dzakaitwa kumayuniti ega ega. Mamiriro ematavi akange aripo akanyatso kupesvedzerwa nekutenga uye kugadzirwa kwavo kweRenault FT matangi, ayo panguva iyoyo akaumba hwaro hwekugona kwezvombo zveRepublic of Poland. Musi waGunyana 23, 1930, nekuraira kweGurukota reHondo, Command of Armored Weapons yakashandurwa kuita Command of Armored Weapons (DowBrPanc.), iro raive dare raitarisira manejimendi uye kudzidziswa kwese mauto ePolish Army. .
Pakati pe-30s, kuedza kwakaitwa pamichina yezvombo zvezvombo. Mhedzisiro yemumwe wavo yaive TK matangi emota anotakura pane chassis yemarori.
Iwo ehunyanzvi mayuniti aisanganisirwa muchirongwa ichi akagamuchira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, basa rekuita tsvakiridzo mumunda wekuvandudza tekinoroji uye matekiniki emauto ezvombo uye kugadzirira mirairo mitsva, mirau uye zvinyorwa. DowBrPanc pachayo. ndiye aive chiremera chepamusoro-soro panguva iyoyo, chezvombo zvehondo, asiwo chezvikwata zvemotokari, saka basa rake, pamusoro pezvisarudzo zveGurukota reHondo neMukuru weVashandi veGeneral, rakanga rakasimba.
Mushure meimwe shanduko yenguva pfupi mukutanga kwema30, imwe nhare yakavakwa muna 1933. Panzvimbo pematatu matatu akange aripo ezvombo zvehondo (Poznan, Zhuravitsa uye Modlin), mauto ematangi nemotokari dzakashongedzerwa akaumbwa, uye huwandu hwemayuniti hwakawedzerwa kusvika matanhatu (Poznan, Zhuravitsa, Warsaw, Brest paBug, Krakow neLvov. ) Mauto akaparadzana akanga akamirawo muVilnius neBydgoszcz, uye muModlin maiva netangi uye nzvimbo yekudzidzira motokari dzine zvombo.
Chikonzero chekuchinja kwakaitwa kubva pakutanga kwemakore gumi kwaive kusvika kwehuwandu hwakakosha hwemidziyo mitsva, tichifunga nezve kugona kwemumba - matangi ekumhanya eTK, ayo akawedzera mota dzaive dzakanyanya kuderera uye matangi mashoma. Nokudaro, February 25, 1935, mauto aripo ematangi nemotokari dzine zvombo zvakashandurwa kuva mapoka ezvombo. Nhamba yezvikwata yakawedzera kusvika masere (Poznan, Zhuravitsa, Warsaw, Bzhest-nad-Bugem, Krakow, Lvov, Grodno naBydgoszcz). Mamwe mauto maviri akabatana akaiswa muLodz neLublin, uye kuwedzera kwawo kwakarongwa kwemakore anotevera.
Sangano rakaratidzwa rakagara kwenguva refu, kusvikira hondo yatanga, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe shanduko dzakaitwa kwairi. Zviya, musi waApril 20, 1937, imwe tangi yehondo yakaumbwa, nzvimbo yekupaka iyo yaiva Lutsk (12th battalion). Yakanga iri yekutanga mauto ePoland kudzidzisa masoja pamatangi emagetsi eR35 akatengwa kubva kuFrance. Tichitarisa pamepu, munhu anogona kuona kuti mazhinji emauto ehondo aive akamira pakati penyika, izvo zvakabvumira kutamiswa kwezvikamu kune imwe neimwe yemiganhu yakatyisidzirwa munguva yakafanana.
Chimiro chitsva chakaumbawo hwaro hwezvirongwa zvePoland zvekuwedzera kwezvombo zvehondo, zvakagadzirirwa neGeneral Staff uye zvakakurukurwa pamusangano weKSUS. Iyo inotevera tekinoroji uye yehuwandu kusvetuka kwaitarisirwa pakupera kwemakumi emakore echitatu nechina (zvimwe nezvazvo zvinogona kuwanikwa mu: "Chirongwa chekuwedzera kwezvombo zvePolish 1937-1943", Wojsko i Technika Historia 2/2020). Zvose zviri pamusoro apa mauto ehondo akagadzirwa munguva yerunyararo, basa ravo guru raiva kugadzirira kwemakore akatevera, kudzidziswa kwenyanzvi kwenyanzvi uye kuunganidza masimba ari mungozi. Kuti uchengetedze kufanana kwekudzidziswa, kugadzirisa nyaya dzesangano uye netiweki yekuongorora inoshanda, muna Chivabvu 1, 1937, mapoka matatu ematangi akagadzirwa.
Basa
Mumwe anogona kutaura kuti pakati pemakore ekuma30 yaive nguva yekudzikamisa kukuru kwezvombo zvePolish zvine zvombo. Kubatanidzwa kwezvivakwa uye kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma muhukuru hwekuumbwa hakugone chete kupa pfungwa yesimba mukuenzanisa nedzimwe nyika, asiwo, zvishoma kwemakore akati wandei, kudzikamisa hardware uye structural fever. Iyo ichangoburwa yemazuva ano yeVickers matangi - kushandura zvombo zvemapatya-turret matangi, kuisa mapatya-turrets ane 47-mm pfuti, kana kuvakazve iyo inotonhorera system - inogona kunzi yakabudirira, izvo zvakaoma kubvunza. nguva.
Hazvibviri kufuratira kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kweTCS pano. Mushure mezvose, michina yerudzi urwu yaionekwa seyakanakisa kukura kwechirungu prototype panguva iyoyo uye nzira inoshanda yekurwa. Polish 7TP matangi akatanga basa ravo muchiuto, sezvakange zvakaita matangi ekucherekedza, ayo aionekwa sekusimudzira kwekugadzira kwechirungu prototype. Pakupedzisira, kusavapo kwekutyisidzira chaiko kwaireva kuti sevhisi muna 1933-37 inogona kutora hunhu hwakagadzikana. Kunyangwe sechikamu cheCWBrPanc. kana BBTechBrPank. akati wandei ezvidzidzo zvekuyedza akaitwa mumunda wematekiniki (basa remapoka ane mota ane zvombo) uye tekinoroji (kutangwazve kweiyo mavhiri-yakateedzerwa tangi chirongwa), yaingove yekuwedzera kune yatove yakasimbiswa sevhisi zvinoenderana ne nhungamiro iripo, yakadai seyakabudiswa muna 1932. "General Inotonga kushandiswa kwezvombo zvehondo", kubva ku1934 "Mitemo yeTC yematangi". Fight ", yakabudiswa muna 1935 "Mitemo yezvombo zvehondo uye zvemotokari zvikamu". Chikamu I cheMilitary Parade uye, pakupedzisira, kiyi, kunyangwe isina kuiswa mukushandiswa kwepamutemo kusvika 1937, "Mitemo yezvombo zvine pfuti. Kurovedza muviri nemotokari dzehondo uye dzemotokari.
