Chii chinonzi kaviri clutch mumotokari (mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda)
Zviri mukati
Zvinhu zvekutapurirana zvechero mota zvakagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekufambisa kweinjini torque kumavhiri ekutyaira. Pakutanga kweindasitiri yemotokari, zvishandiso zvinopa basa iri hazvina kunyatsoshanda nekuda kwekureruka kwekugadzira. Iyo yemazuva ano yemanodhi akaunzwa akatungamira kune chokwadi chekuti zvaigoneka kuwana yakatsetseka shanduko yegiya pasina kurasikirwa kwesimba uye hunhu hwemotokari.
Iyo clutch inoita basa rakakosha mukufambiswa kwe torque. Iri pfundo rakaomarara rakachinja zvakati kuti risati rava zvatakajaira kuriona iye zvino.
Mazhinji ekuvandudza awana nzira yekupinda muindasitiri yemotokari dzevanhu akakweretwa kubva kumotokari dzemijaho. Mumwe wavo anogona kuverengerwa kune iyo inonzi kaviri clutch, yatichataura nezvayo munyaya ino.
Chii musiyano pakati hunyambiri-clutch hutachiwana uye otomatiki hutachiwana uye Chinyorwa hutachiwana
Ngatiedzei kuona kuti ichi chisikwa chinoshamisa cheinjiniya chii. Iyo chaiyo pfungwa yekaviri clutch inoratidza kuti dhizaini yakadaro inopa kuvepo kwezvikamu zviviri.
Saka zvakadaro, rudzi urwu rweclutch runosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwemaviri anotyairwa friction discs, asi hazvisi zvese zviri nyore sezvazvingaite sekutanga kuona.
Iyo yakaratidzwa mhando yemashini yakapetwa nemarobhoti gearboxes. Muchiitiko ichi, tiri kutaura nezve akapetwa magiya mabhokisi, ayo ane basa rekubatidza imwe seti yekumhanya. Imwe ine mutoro wezvisinganzwisisike magiya, imwe yeakaenzana.
Zvichida mutsauko uripo pakati peaviri-clutch gearbox uye mamwe ese kuvepo kweiyo inonzi mbiri shaft. Kusvika pamwero wakati, ndiyo yakafanana giya dhizaini yedhizaini yakaoma.
Zvigadziro zvekunze kwekunze kwechigadziro chakadaro chinopindirana nemagetsi emagetsi, uye zvigadziro zvezvinonzi zvemukati shaft zvinopindirana nemagetsi emagetsi asinganzwisisiki.
Kudzora kweakaunzwa ekutapurirana zvikamu kunoitwa nekuda kweiyo hydraulic dhiraivha uye otomatiki. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo yakaratidzwa mhando yegiya bhokisi, kusiyana neatomatiki kutapurirana, haina kurongedzerwa neinoshandura torque.
Muchiitiko ichi, itsika kutaura pamusoro pemhando mbiri dzeclutch: yakaoma uye yakanyorova. Isu tichagara pamusoro pavo mune zvakadzama pazasi mune chinyorwa.
Ainoita
Sezvo tave tichiziva mamwe magadzirirwo eiyo node yakaratidzwa, ngatiedzei kunzwisisa musimboti wekushanda kwayo.
Kana iwe ukasanyura mune tekinoroji subtleties, ipapo algorithm yebasa inogona kukamurwa mumatanho akati wandei:
- Mushure mekutanga kwekufamba mugiya rekutanga, sisitimu inogadzirira kuvhura inotevera;
- Wasvika pane imwe nguva inoenderana neyakagadzikwa yekumhanyisa maitiro, yekutanga clutch yakabviswa;
- Yechipiri clutch inouya mukushanda, ichipa otomatiki kubatanidzwa kwechipiri giya giya;
- Kuongorora maitiro ekuwedzera injini kumhanya, ma actuators anoita mirairo anouya kubva ku control module ari kugadzirira kuvhura giya rechitatu.
Iko kunotevera kuiswa kwekumhanya kunoitika maererano neiyo musimboti. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo sisitimu yema sensors akaiswa mune yakaratidzwa fomu yegiya bhokisi inobvumidza iwe kuti uongorore akasiyana ma paramita, anosanganisira: kumhanya kwevhiri, gearshift lever nzvimbo, kusimba kwekutsikirira accelerator / brake pedal.
Kuongorora iyo data yakagamuchirwa, otomatiki uye inosarudza iyo modhi iyo yakakwana kune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvakakosha kuziva kuti pamberi pehurongwa hwakadaro, clutch pedal haisipo. Kusarudzwa kwegiya kunoitwa otomatiki, uye kana zvichidikanwa, nemaoko uchishandisa mabhatani ekudzora akaiswa mudhiraivha.
Mechanism mudziyo
Kuti uwane kujairana neiyo yakaratidzwa node mune zvakadzama, zvinodikanwa kuti udzidze mudziyo wemuchina pachawo, unova nechokwadi chekuchinja kwegiya.
Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi ese eclutch, iyi yakasiyana-siyana inosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwenhamba yakasarudzika node uye zvinhu.
Saka, iyi sisitimu inosanganisira zvinotevera zvakakosha zvikamu:
- friction disc package;
- muviri une yakaoma kana mafuta sump;
- mechatronic.
Kana maviri ekutanga node akajairwa zvakakwana kune vatyairi, saka yechitatu inopa fungidziro yechinhu chisati chazivikanwa kusvika zvino.
Saka, mechatronics, iyi i-high-tech clutch unit iyo inokutendera iwe kushandura masaini emagetsi kuita mechanic basa rekuita mayunitsi.
Iyo mechatronics yemotokari yemazuva ano, sekutonga, inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri: iyo electromagnetic unit uye control board.
Yokutanga ndiyo seti ye solenoid valves, iyo inonzi solenoids. Kare, panzvimbo ye solenoids, hydraulic distribution systems, iyo inonzi hydroblocks, yakashandiswa. Asi nekuda kwekushomeka kwavo, vakatsiviwa nemagetsi epamusoro emagetsi.
Funga nezvezvinhu zvakakosha zvekunyorova uye zvakaoma clutches.
"Kunyorova" kaviri
Kana tikaita rwendo munhoroondo ye node iri mubvunzo, saka iyo inonzi "wet type" inofungidzirwa kuva tateguru wevaviri.
Iyo seti yezvikamu zviviri zveFerodo discs yakanyudzwa mune yekugezesa mafuta mudzimba dzeclutch.
Muchiitiko ichi, itsika kusiyanisa pakati pemhando mbiri dze "wet clutch" zvichienderana nerudzi rwemotokari. Saka kumota dzemberi-vhiri dzinotyaira, clutch ine concentric kurongeka kweFerodo discs inoshandiswa. Kune varidzi vemotokari dzemashure-mavhiri, iyo yakasarudzika yechigadzirwa ichi inoratidzwa mukurongeka kwakafanana kwemadhisiki anofambiswa.
Izvo zvikamu zveese marudzi e "wet clutch" zvakafanana. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- inlet flange;
- main flange;
- drive disk;
- Package ye friction discs yekutanga uye yechipiri kurongeka;
- chitubu che diaphragm, chitubu chekubatsira;
- plunger;
- hydraulic cylinders;
- yekutanga shaft yekutanga neyechipiri kurongeka.
"Dry" kaviri
Pamusoro pe "wet" clutch, pane zvakare iyo inonzi "yakaoma" clutch. Hazvigoni kutaurwa kuti yakaipa kana kuti iri nani pane yapfuura. Muchiitiko ichi, zvichave zvakakodzera kusimbisa kuti mumwe nomumwe wavo anonyatsoshandiswa mumamiriro ekushanda anopiwa kwavari.
Kusiyana nemhando yapfuura, chimiro chekugadzira che "dry" clutch haibatanidzi kushandiswa kwemafuta. Iwo madhisiki anofambiswa akabatanidzwa zvakananga neiyo yekuisa shaft yeimwe neimwe yegiya mabhokisi.
Zvinhu zvinoshanda zvemuchina wakadaro zvinosanganisira:
- primary shafts;
- release bearings;
- friction discs;
- drive disk;
- maviri ebetsero disks;
- flywheel;
- diaphragm zvitubu.
Iyi dhizaini yakagadzirirwa kufambisa zvishoma (kusiyana ne "wet") torque, nekuda kweiyo yakaderera kupisa kupisa coefficient.
Nekudaro, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwechido chekushandisa pombi yemafuta, iyo isingadzivisiki inotungamirira kukurasikirwa kwesimba, kushanda kwerudzi urwu rweclutch kunonyanya kukwirira kune zvakambofungidzirwa zvakasiyana.
Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvehuviri clutch
Kufanana nechero chimwe chikamu chemotokari, iyo mbiri clutch ine zvese huwandu hwehunhu hwakanaka uye huwandu hwekuipa. Ngatitange nezvakanaka.
Saka, kuiswa kwekuvandudzwa kwakadaro mumotokari yekufambisa system kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuita:
- zvakakosha kuchengetedza mafuta;
- high dynamic performance;
- kumhanya zvakanaka;
- hapana kurasikirwa kweinjini simba.
Pasinei nemabhenefiti akakosha eiyo node yakaratidzwa, pane akati wandei mapoinzi asina kunaka. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- sosi yakaganhurwa zvakanyanya yezvinhu zvekushanda;
- kuchengetedza zvishoma;
- kugadzirisa kunodhura.
Zvichida imwe yakaenzana yakakosha dhizaini yekutapurirana uku ndeyekuti kana chiitiko chekuwedzera kupfeka kwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvegungano, kuwedzera kushanda kwemotokari kunenge kusingabviri.
Mune mamwe mazwi, kana iyo "kurova" iyo otomatiki kutapurirana ichakubvumidza kuti uende kubasa uye ugadzirise wega, saka munyaya iyi iwe unongofanira kuvimba nerubatsiro rwerori.
Zvakadaro, kufambira mberi hakumire uye vagadziri, vachitarisa pane yekushanda chiitiko chekuvandudza kwavo, vanounza hutsva hwakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kweiyo "double clutch" zvikamu, zvakagadzirirwa kuwedzera zviwanikwa zvemaitiro ayo nekuvandudza kuchengetedza.
