Kudzika kweBlack Sea Fleet yeUSSR chikamu 1

Zviri mukati

Straits yagara iri nzvimbo dzakakosha, kushanda kwayo kwakatemwa nemutemo wepasirese wemugungwa. Mumashure ehondo geopolitics, manejimendi ezvitunha zvemvura aive akakosha zvakanyanya, izvo zvakapesvedzera zvakananga mafambiro emushandirapamwe wepasi, izvo zvakadzidzwa kubva pane zvakaitika muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Kuyambuka kwekutaurirana kwegungwa, kwakabatanidzwa nekutorwa kwemahombekombe, kwaive kiyi yekukunda muvengi panyika. Mukushandisa gadziriro dzadudzwa pamusoro apa, mapoka ezvikepe ezvose zviri zviviri mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika neehondo akatsvaka kugovera migariro yakanaka zvikurusa yokuita mabasa akanga akavamirira muhondo. Nokudaro kuvapo nguva dzose kwemapoka akasimba ezvikepe mumvura yeWorld Ocean, kuenderera mberi nekuvandudzika kwenzira dzehondo dzehondo, kusanganisira nzira dzekuongorora, sechinhu chemujaho wezvombo munguva yeCold War.
- Sangano rezvikepe zvekumhara mugungwa

Mauto ekumhara eBlack Sea Fleet akashandisa huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzehovercraft. Mufananidzo ipurojekiti 1232.2 Zubr panguva yekuburitsa PT-76 amphibious matangi uye BTR-70 vatakuri. Mufananidzo weUS Navy

Straits yagara iri nzvimbo dzakakosha, kushanda kwayo kwakatemwa nemutemo wepasirese wemugungwa. Mumashure ehondo geopolitics, manejimendi ezvitunha zvemvura aive akakosha zvakanyanya, izvo zvakapesvedzera zvakananga mafambiro emushandirapamwe wepasi, izvo zvakadzidzwa kubva pane zvakaitika muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Kuyambuka kwekutaurirana kwegungwa, kwakabatanidzwa nekutorwa kwemahombekombe, kwaive kiyi yekukunda muvengi panyika. Mukushandisa gadziriro dzadudzwa pamusoro apa, mapoka ezvikepe ezvose zviri zviviri mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika neehondo akatsvaka kugovera migariro yakanaka zvikurusa yokuita mabasa akanga akavamirira muhondo. Nokudaro kuvapo nguva dzose kwemapoka akasimba ezvikepe mumvura yeWorld Ocean, kuenderera mberi nekuvandudzika kwenzira dzehondo dzehondo, kusanganisira nzira dzekuongorora, sechinhu chemujaho wezvombo munguva yeCold War.

Sangano reMauto eNavy
kumhara craft

Kubva pakupera kwekurwisana muGungwa Dzvuku muna 1944 uye kusvika pakati pe-50s. iyo huru yekumhara ngarava yeBlack Sea Fleet (inozonzi iyo DChF) yakatorwa ikaendeswa sezvikamu zvekutsiva zvechiuto zvekwakabva kuGermany. Chikamu chakakosha chemidziyo iyi yakanyudzwa nemaGerman, nekuda kwekusakwanisa kubuda, kumhara kweatillery kuyambuka. Aya mayuniti akacherwa nemaRussia, akagadziridzwa uye akaiswa pabasa nekukurumidza. Saka, 16 MFP feri dzakaunzwa panguva yehondo yeFCz. Mamiriro ekumhara eGerman aive epamusoro kune tekinoroji yeNavy (WMF) mune zvese. Zvikwata zveSoviet zvakavakwa kubva kune yakaderera mhando zvinhu, izvo zvaive mhedzisiro yekushaikwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira neakakodzera tekinoroji paramita uye, pamusoro pezvose, kushaikwa kwezvombo. Pakati pemabviro echiGerman, zvikepe zvakadudzwa zvekumhara zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadziridzwa ndizvo zvakanyanya kuwanda. Pakazara, zvikepe zvaisanganisira makumi maviri nenomwe eGerman mayuniti uye 27 Italian MZ zvikamu. Mushure mehondo, bhachi reAmerican LCM, rakagashira kubva mukutakurwa pasi pechirongwa cheLend-Lease, rakapindawo muBlack Sea.

Mumakore makumi mashanu, midziyo iyi yakaputsika zvishoma nezvishoma - imwe yacho yakashandiswa semidziyo yekubatsira inoyangarara. Kuipa kwehunyanzvi mamiriro emotokari dzeamphibious mumakore apfuura kwakamanikidza kuvandudzwa kwemayuniti matsva, ayo aifanirwa kugadzirisa kushomeka kwemidziyo munguva pfupi. Nokudaro, muhafu yechipiri ye50s, dzakawanda dzakatevedzana dzezvikepe zviduku uye zvepakati zvekudzika uye zvikepe zvakagadzirwa. Vaienderana nezvaitarisirwa neSoviet panguva iyoyo uye vaive chiratidzo chepfungwa yakagamuchirwa muUSSR yebasa rinenge rebasa rezvikepe muzviito zvemauto epasi munzira yemahombekombe. Zvirambidzo mumunda wezvombo zvehondo uye kuderedzwa kwezvirongwa zvekusimudzira kunotevera, pamwe nekubviswa kwezvikepe zvekare, zvakatungamira ngarava dzeSoviet kune mamiriro ekudonha kwehunyanzvi uye dambudziko mukugona kurwisa. Maonero ezvishoma, kudzivirira basa remauto emugungwa mushure memakore mashoma akachinja, uye zvikepe, muzvirongwa zveshungu zvevagadziri vezano idzva rehondo dzemugungwa, zvaifanira kuenda kumakungwa.

Kuvandudzwa kweVMP kwakatanga muma60s, uye gadziriro itsva dzinogumbura dzedzidziso yehondo yegungwa dzakakonzera shanduko chaiyo yesangano ine chekuita nekudikanwa kwekugadzirisa zvimiro zvemapoka ezvikepe kumabasa avanosangana nawo, kwete mumvura yakavharwa yemukati chete. asiwo mumvura yakashama. mvura yegungwa. Kare, maitiro ekudzivirira akatorwa nehutungamiri hwebato rezvematongerwo enyika anotungamirirwa naNikita Khrushchev akagadzirisa zvakanyanya, kunyange zvazvo mumasangano ekuchengetedza evakuru kumashure pakati pe80s. hondo yeramangwana.

Kusvika pakupera kwema50, mauto ekurwisa mhepo aive chikamu chezvikepe zvevarindi vezvikepe zvezvikepe zvegungwa (BOORV). MuGungwa Dzvuku, kuchinja kune sangano idzva rekurwiswa kweamphibious kwakaitika muna 1966. Panguva imwecheteyo, 197th brigade yezvikepe zvinotakura (BOD) yakasikwa, iyo, maererano nemitemo yechinangwa uye mararamiro, yaiva yekushanda. mauto akagadzirirwa kushandiswa kunze kwemvura yavo (yeSoviet).