Musiyano wemotokari. Kusiyana uye maitiro ekushanda
Zviri mukati
mahara (pasina kuvhara);
nekupfuura nemaoko;
ine auto-lock.
Musiyano inzira inoendesa torque kubva kune imwe sosi kuenda kune vaviri vatengi. Chinhu chayo chakakosha kugona kugoverazve simba uye kupa akasiyana angular kumhanya kwekutenderera kwevatengi. Nezve mota yemumugwagwa, izvi zvinoreva kuti mavhiri anogona kugamuchira simba rakasiyana uye kutenderera nekumhanya kwakasiyana kuburikidza nekusiyana.
Kusiyanisa chinhu chakakosha chekufambisa kwemotokari. Ngatiedzei kufunga kuti sei.
Sei iwe usingakwanise kuita pasina mutsauko
Kutaura zvazviri, unogona kuita pasina mutsauko. Asi chero bedzi motokari ichifamba nenzira isina kukanganisa, isina kutenderera chero kupi zvako, uye matayi ayo akafanana uye akaenzana uye akaenzana. Nemamwe mashoko, chero mavhiri ose achifamba chinhambwe chakafanana uye achitenderera nekumhanya kwakafanana.
Asi kana motokari ichipinda mukona, mavhiri anofanira kuvhara chinhambwe chakasiyana. Zviripachena, curve yekunze yakarebesa kupfuura yemukati, saka mavhiri ari pairi anofanira kutendeuka nekukasira kupfuura mavhiri emukati curve. Kana iyo ekisero isiri kutungamira, uye mavhiri haatsamiri kune mumwe nemumwe, saka hapana dambudziko.
Chimwe chinhu ibhiriji rinotungamira. Kudzora kwakajairika, kutenderera kunofambiswa kune ese mavhiri. Nekubatana kwavo kwakasimba, ivo vaizove neangular velocity yakafanana uye vaiwanzovhara chinhambwe chimwechete mukutendeuka. Kutendeuka kwaizova kwakaoma uye kwaizoguma nekutsvedza, kuwedzera kupera kwematayi uye kushushikana kwakanyanya pa. Chikamu chesimba reinjini chaizoenda pakutsvedza, zvinoreva kuti mafuta aizoparara. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana, kunyangwe chisiri pachena, chinoitika mune mamwe mamiriro - kana uchityaira mumigwagwa isina kunaka, mitoro isina kuenzana yemavhiri, kusaenzana kwematairi, madhigirii akasiyana ekupfeka matai.
Apa ndipo panouya kununura. Inoendesa kutenderera kune ese maaxle shafts, asi chiyero cheangular kumhanya kwekutenderera kwemavhiri inogona kuve yakapokana uye kuchinja nekukurumidza zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo pasina kupindira kwemutyairi.
Mhando dzekusiyanisa
Misiyano ndeye symmetrical uye asymmetrical. Symmetrical zvishandiso zvinoendesa torque yakafanana kune ese ari maviri anotyairwa shafts, kana uchishandisa asymmetric zvishandiso, iwo anotapurirwa torque akasiyana.
Nekushanda, misiyano inogona kushandiswa sepakati-vhiri uye inter-axle kusiyana. Interwheel inoendesa torque kumavhiri eimwe axle. Mumotokari yemotokari yepamberi, inowanikwa mubhokisi regiya, mune yekumashure-vhiri dhiraivha, mune yekumashure ekisero.
Mumota-yese-mavhiri dhiraivha, masisitimu ari mu crankcases eese ma axles. Kana iyo yese-vhiri dhiraivha iri zvachose, mutsauko wepakati unoiswawo mune yekutamisa kesi. Inofambisa kutenderera kubva kugiya bhokisi kuenda kune ese maakisi ekutyaira.
Musiyano weaxle unogara wakaenzana, asi musiyano weaxle unowanzo asymmetrical, iyo yakajairika muzana yetorque pakati pemberi nekumashure maekisi 40/60, kunyangwe ingave yakasiyana.
Iko mukana uye nzira yekuvharira inosarudza imwe kupatsanurwa kwekusiyanisa:
Kuvharira kunogona kunge kwakazara kana kusarura.
Kusiyanisa kunoshanda sei uye nei kuchivharisa
Muchokwadi, kusiyanisa ipuraneti mhando michina. Mune yakapusa symmetrical cross-axle musiyano, kune mana bevel giya - maviri semi-axial (1) pamwe maviri setiraiti (4). Dunhu rinoshanda nesetiraiti imwe, asi yechipiri inowedzerwa kuti mudziyo uwedzere simba. Mumarori uye maSUV, maviri maviri emasatelliti akaiswa.
Mukombe (muviri) (5) unoshanda semutakuri wemasatelliti. Giya hombe rinotyairwa (2) rakaiswa zvakasimba mariri. Iyo inogashira torque kubva kugiya bhokisi kuburikidza neyekupedzisira drive giya (3).
Mumugwagwa wakatwasuka, mavhiri, uye naizvozvo mavhiri awo, anotenderera pamwero wakafanana wemakona. Iwo ma satellite anotenderera achitenderedza maaxle evhiri, asi haatenderere achitenderedza mbezo yawo. Nokudaro, vanotenderedza magiya eparutivi, vachivapa kukurumidza kwakafanana kwemakona.
Mukona, vhiri remukati (mudiki) arc rine akawanda anotenderedza kuramba uye nekudaro anononoka. Sezvo giya reparutivi rinoenderana richitangawo kutenderera zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinoita kuti ma satellite atenderere. Kutenderera kwavo kutenderedza axis yavo inotungamira mukuwedzera kwekuchinja kwegiya pane axle shaft yevhiri rekunze.
Mamiriro akafanana anogona kuitika mumamiriro ezvinhu apo matairi asina kukwana kubata mumugwagwa. Semuenzaniso, vhiri rinorova ice rotanga kutsvedza. Yakajairwa yemahara musiyano inoendesa kutenderera kune uko kune kushomeka kushomeka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vhiri rinotsvedza rinotenderera nekukurumidza, nepo vhiri rakapesana richizomira. Somugumisiro, motokari haizokwanisi kuramba ichifamba. Uyezve, iyo pikicha haizonyatso chinja mune ese-mavhiri dhiraivha, sezvo iyo yepakati musiyano ichaendesawo simba rese kwainosangana kushoma kushomeka, ndiko kuti, kune ekisi ine vhiri rinotsvedza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunyangwe mota ine mavhiri mana inogona kunamira kana vhiri rimwe chete rikatsvedza.
Chiitiko ichi chinokanganisa zvakanyanya patency yemota chero ipi zvayo uye hazvigamuchirwi zvachose kune mota dzekunze-mumugwagwa. Iwe unogona kugadzirisa mamiriro acho nekuvharira musiyano.
Mhando dzekiyi
Kuvharira kwakazara kwekumanikidza
Iwe unogona kuzadzisa kuvharika kwebhuku nekudzvanya ma satellite kuitira kuti uvashayise kugona kutenderera vachitenderedza axis yavo. Imwe nzira ndeyekupinda mukapu yekusiyanisa mukubatana kwakasimba neaxle shaft. Mavhiri ese ari maviri anotenderera neangular sipidhi yakafanana.
Kugonesa iyi modhi, iwe unongoda kudzvanya bhatani pane dashboard. Iyo drive unit inogona kuve mechanic, hydraulic, pneumatic kana magetsi. Ichi chirongwa chakakodzera kune ese ari maviri mavhiri uye pakati akasiyana. Unogona kuibatidza kana mota yakamira, uye unofanira kuishandisa chete nekumhanya kwakaderera paunenge uchityaira munzvimbo dzakaipa. Kusiya munzira yakajairika, kukiya kunofanirwa kudzimwa, zvikasadaro kubata kunozonyanya kuipa. Kushungurudzwa kweiyi modhi kunogona kukonzera kukuvadza kune axle shaft kana zvikamu zvine hukama.
Kunyanya kufarira ndekuzvivharira zvakasiyana. Izvo hazvidi kuti mutyairi apindire uye anoshanda otomatiki kana zvichidiwa. Sezvo kuvhara mumidziyo yakadaro kusina kukwana, mukana wekukuvadza kune axle shafts wakaderera.
Disc (friction) lock
Iyi ndiyo yakareruka vhezheni yekuzvivharira musiyano. Iyo michina inowedzerwa neseti ye friction discs. Dzinokwana zvakasimba kune mumwe nemumwe uye kuburikidza neimwe dzakasimba dzakasimba pane imwe yeakisi shafts uye mumukombe.
Chimiro chese chinotenderera sese kusvika kumhanya kwekutenderera kwemavhiri kwave kwakasiyana. Ipapo kukakavara kunooneka pakati pemadhisiki, izvo zvinoganhurira kukura kwekusiyana kwekumhanya.
Viscous coupling
A viscous coupling (viscous coupling) ine mutemo wakafanana wekushanda. Pano chete ma discs ane perforations akaiswa kwavari anoiswa mubhokisi rakavharwa, iyo yese yakasununguka nzvimbo iyo yakazadzwa nesilicone fluid. Chinhu chayo chinosiyanisa ndechekuchinja kwe viscosity panguva yekusanganiswa. Sezvo madhisiki anotenderera nekumhanya kwakasiyana, mvura yacho inobvongodzwa, uye iyo yakanyanya kubvongodza, iyo mvura inowedzera viscous, inosvika kunenge kusimba. Kana iyo inotenderera yekumhanya yakadzimwa, viscosity yemvura inodonha nekukurumidza uye musiyano unovhura.
Iyo viscous coupling ine zvimiro zvakakura, saka inoshandiswa kakawanda sekuwedzera kune yepakati musiyano, uye dzimwe nguva panzvimbo payo, mune iyi kesi ichiita sekunyepedzera-kusiyana.
Iyo viscous coupling ine zvinoverengeka zvisingabatsiri zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwayo. Aya inertia, kupisa kwakakosha uye kusaenderana neABS.
Thorsen
Iro zita rinobva kuTorque Sensing, kureva, "kuona torque". Inoonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kushanda-kuzvivharira kusiyana. Iyo michina inoshandisa giya rehonye. Iyo dhizaini zvakare ine friction zvinhu izvo zvinowedzera kufambisa torque kana kutsvedza kuchiitika.
Kune marudzi matatu emuchina uyu. Pasi peyakajairika nzira yekudhonza, iyo T-1 uye T-2 mhando dzinoshanda seyakaenzana mhando misiyano.
Kana rimwe remavhiri rakarasika kudhonza, T-1 inokwanisa kugoverazve torque pachiyero che 2,5 kusvika 1 kusvika 6 kusvika 1 uye zvakatowanda. Ndiko kuti, vhiri rine yakanakisa kubata rinogamuchira yakawanda torque kupfuura inotsvedza vhiri, muchikamu chakatarwa. Mumhando yeT-2, nhamba iyi yakaderera - kubva 1,2 kusvika 1 kusvika 3 kusvika 1, asi pane zvishoma backlash, vibration uye ruzha.
Torsen T-3 yakatanga kugadzirwa seasymmetric musiyano ine blocking rate ye20 ... 30%.
QUAIFE
Musiyano weQuife wakatumidzwa zita reinjiniya wechiRungu akagadzira mudziyo uyu. Nekugadzirwa, ndeyemhando yehonye, saThorsen. Inosiyana nayo muhuwandu hwema satellite uye kuiswa kwavo. Quaife inonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevanofarira kugadzira mota.
