Kutarisa kudzvanywa mumasilinda ejini

Injini dzemotokari dzemazuva ano dzakavimbika uye, mumaoko ane hanya, dzinogona kushanda kwemazana ezviuru zvemakiromita pasina gadziridzo huru. Asi nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, kushanda kwechikwata chemagetsi kunorega kuva kusina kukanganisa, matambudziko anomuka nekutanga, madonhwe emagetsi, uye mafuta uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kunowedzera. Inguva yekuchinja kukuru here? Kana kuti pamwe haisi serious kudaro? Yave nguva yekuyera kudzvanywa mumasilinda ejini. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti utarise hutano hweinjini yako pasina kuibvisa uye kunyange kuona matambudziko angangoitika. Uye zvino, pamwe, zvinogoneka kuita pasina kugadzirisa kukuru, kudzikamisa pachedu ku decarbonization kana kutsiviwa kwezvikamu zvega.

Chii chinonzi compression?

Kudzvinyirirwa ndiyo yakanyanya kukosha yekumanikidza mucylinder panguva yekufamba kwepiston kuenda kuTDC panguva yekumanikidza sitiroko. Inopimwa nepo injini iri kuita idling neanotangira.

Ngationei nekukasika kuti compression haina kutombofanana nedhigirii rekumanikidza. Aya maonero akasiyana zvachose. The compression reshiyo ndiyo reshiyo yehuwandu hwehumburumbira imwe kusvika kuhuwandu hwekamuri yekupisa, kureva kuti, chikamu chehumburumbira chinoramba chiri pamusoro peiyo piston kana yasvika paTDC. Iwe unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve iyo compression ratio iri mukati.

Sezvo kudzvanywa kuri kumanikidza, kukosha kwayo kunoyerwa muzvikamu zvakakodzera. Motokari makanika anowanzo shandisa zvikamu zvakaita setekinoroji mamiriro (atm), bar uye megapascal (MPa). Reshiyo yavo ndeiyi:

1 pa = 0,98 bar;

1 bar = 0,1 MPa

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve izvo zvakajairika compression inofanira kunge iri muinjini yemotokari yako, tarisa mune zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi. Kukosha kwayo kwenhamba yenhamba kunogona kuwanikwa nekuwanza reshiyo yekumanikidza nechikamu che 1,2 ... 1,3. Kureva, kumayuniti ane compression reshiyo yegumi nepamusoro, iyo yakajairwa compression inofanira kunge iri 10...12 bar (14...1,2 MPa), uye kune injini dzine compression ratio ye1,4...8 - ingangoita gumi. ...9 bara.

Kune injini dze dizeli, unofanirwa kushandisa coefficient ye 1,7 ... 2,0, uye kukosha kwekumanikidza kunogona kubva ku30 ... 35 bar yezvikwata zvekare kusvika ku40 ... 45 bar yemazuva ano.

Kuyera sei

Varidzi vemota dzine injini yepeturu vanogona kuyera nyore kudzvanya ivo pachavo. Kuyera kunoitwa pachishandiswa mudziyo unonzi compression meter. Iyo yekumanikidza geji ine yakakosha tipi uye cheki vharafu inobvumidza iwe kurekodha kuyerwa kudzvanywa kukosha.

Iyo muromo inogona kuomarara kana kuve nekuwedzera flexible hose yakagadzirirwa kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya. Kune marudzi maviri emazano - akarukwa uye akasungwa. Iyo yakashongedzwa inopindirwa mukati pachinzvimbo chekenduru uye inobvumidza iwe kuti uite pasina mubatsiri panguva yekuyera maitiro. Paunenge uchitora zviyero, iyo rabha ichafanirwa kudzvanywa zvine simba kutarisana ne spark plug hole. Imwe yadzo kana ese ari maviri anogona kuverengerwa neiyo compression gauge. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kana ukafunga kutenga mudziyo wakadaro.

A simple compression gauge inogona kutengwa nemutengo unodhura kwazvo. Zviridzwa zvinodhura zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvine seti yese yeadapta inobvumira kuyerwa kutorwa mune chero mota yechero mugadziri.

Compressographs inodhura zvakanyanya, inobvumira kwete kungotora zviyero, asiwo kunyora migumisiro yakawanikwa kuti iwedzere kuongororwa kwehurumende ye-cylinder-piston boka (CPG) zvichienderana nemamiriro ekuchinja kwekumanikidza. Midziyo yakadaro inoitirwa kunyanya kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi.

Mukuwedzera, kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekuongorora injini yekuongorora - iyo inonzi motor testers. Iwo anogona zvakare kushandiswa kuongorora zvisina kunanga kudzvanywa nekurekodha shanduko mune yekutanga ikozvino injini iri kuita id.

Chekupedzisira, iwe unogona kuita pasina kuyera zviridzwa zvachose uye fungidzira kudzvanya nemaoko nekuenzanisa masimba anodiwa kushandura crankshaft.

Kuti ushandiswe mumayuniti edhiziri, iwe unozoda gauge yekumisikidza yakagadzirirwa kudzvanywa kwepamusoro, sezvo kudzvanywa kwavo kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kwemayuniti epeturu. Midziyo yakadaro inowanikwa mune zvekutengesa, asi kuti uite zviyero iwe unozofanirwa kubvisa plugs inopenya kana majekiseni. Iyi haisi nguva dzose iri nyore kushanda, inoda maturusi anokosha uye unyanzvi. Zvichida zviri nyore uye zvakachipa kune varidzi vedhiziri kuti vasiye zviyero kune vashandi vebasa.

Manual (inenge) compression kutsunga

Iwe unozofanirwa kubvisa vhiri uye kubvisa ese spark plugs, uchisiya chete muhumburumbira yekutanga. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kushandura crankshaft nemaoko kusvika iyo yekumanikidza sitiroko mu 1st silinda yapera, kana piston yayo iri paTDC.

Ita basa rimwechete nemasilinda akasara. Nguva yega yega, spark plug chete iri yecylinder iri kuedzwa ndiyo inofanirwa kupinzwa mukati. Kana mune imwe nguva kuedza kunodiwa kuishandura kukava kushoma, saka iyi silinda ine dambudziko, nekuti kudzvanywa mairi kwakadzikira pane kune vamwe.

Zviri pachena kuti iyi nzira ndeyekuzvibata uye haifanirwe kuvimbwa nayo zvachose. Iko kushandiswa kwemamita yekumanikidza kunopa mamwe chinangwa mhedzisiro uye zvakare ichakubvumidza iwe kudzikisa pasi denderedzwa revanofungidzira.

Kugadzirira kuyerwa

Ita shuwa kuti bhatiri riri muchimiro chakanaka uye rakazara. Bhatiri rakafa rinogona kuderedza compression ne1…2 bar.

Iyo yakavharika sefa yemhepo inogona zvakare kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuyerwa kwemhedzisiro, saka tarisa uye uitsive kana zvichidikanwa.

Injini inofanira kudziyirwa kusvikira maitiro ekushanda asvika.

Bvisa mafuta ekugovera kune macylinders nenzira ipi zvayo, somuenzaniso, bvisa simba kubva kune majekiseni, bvisa pombi yemafuta nekubvisa mafizi anoenderana kana relays. Papombi yehutsi yemagetsi, bvisa uye plug pombi iyo mafuta anoyerera mairi.

Bvisa ma spark plugs ese. Vamwe vanosunungura imwe chete, asi mhedzisiro ine chiyero chakadaro ichave isina kururama.

Iyo manual transmission lever inofanirwa kunge iri munzvimbo isina kwayakarerekera; kana kufambisa kuri otomatiki, kunofanirwa kunge kuri muP (Parking) chinzvimbo. Isa handbrake.

Kune imwe neimwe silinda, zvinokurudzirwa kutora zviyero nezvose zviri zviviri throttle yakavhurika (ine gasi pedal yakaora mwoyo zvakazara) uye yakavharwa (iyo gasi pedal haina kudzvanywa). Iwo mhedziso tsika dzakawanikwa mune ese ari maviri kesi, pamwe nekuenzanisa kwavo, zvichabatsira kunyatso kuziva kusashanda.

Kushandiswa kwe compression gauge

Dira muromo wemudziyo wekuyeresa mugomba re spark plug re silinda yekutanga.

Kuyera ne throttle yakavhurika, iwe unofanirwa kushandura crankshaft neyekutanga kwe3 ... 4 masekonzi, uchidzvanya gasi nzira yese. Kana mudziyo wako uine yekumanikidza zano, saka haugone kuita pasina mubatsiri.

Tarisa uye rekodha kuverenga kwakanyorwa nemudziyo.

Sunungura mhepo kubva pakudzvanya gauge.

Tora zviyero zvemasilinda ese. Kana chero zvakadaro kuverenga kwakasiyana kubva pane zvakajairwa, tora chiyero ichi zvakare kuti ubvise kukanganisa kunogona kuitika.

Usati watanga zviyero nedamper yakavharwa, screw mu spark plugs uye tanga injini kuti irege kudziya uye panguva imwe cheteyo wedzera bhatiri. Iye zvino ita zvese sekunge ne throttle yakavhurika, asi pasina kudzvanya gasi.

Kuyera pasina kudziyisa injini

Kana iwe uchinetseka kutanga injini, zvakakodzera kuyera compression pasina preheating iyo. Kana pane kusakara kwakakomba pazvikamu zveCPG kana zvindori zvakanamira, ipapo kudzvanywa muhumburumbira panguva yekuyerwa "inotonhora" kunogona kudonha nehafu yehuwandu hunokosha. Mushure mekunge injini yadziya, inowedzera zvinooneka uye inogona kutoswedera kune yakajairika. Uye ipapo kusashanda kuchaenda kusingaonekwe.

Kuongororwa kwemigumisiro yakawanikwa

Zviyero zvakatorwa nevharuvhu yakavhurika zvinobatsira kuona kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya, sezvo jekiseni remhepo yakakura mucylinder kupfuura kuvhara kubvinza kwaro nekuda kwekuremara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuderera kwekumanikidza kunoenderana neyakajairwa hakuzove kwakanyanya. Nenzira iyi unogona kuona piston yakatsemuka kana yakatsemuka, zvindori zvakabikwa, kana vharafu yakatsva.

Kana iyo throttle yakavharwa, pane mhepo shoma muhumburumbira uye kudzvanywa kuchave kwakaderera. Ipapo kunyange kudonha kudiki kunoderedza zvakanyanya kumanikidza. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza hurema hwakajeka hune hukama nemhete dzepiston uye mavharuvhu, pamwe neiyo valve yekusimudza michina.

Cheki yakapfava yekuwedzera ichabatsira kujekesa panobva dambudziko. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuisa mafuta mashoma (anenge 10 ... 15 ml) kumadziro evhavha ine dambudziko kuitira kuti lubricant ivhare inogona kubuda gasi pakati pepiston uye cylinder wall. Zvino iwe unofanirwa kudzokorora kuyerwa kweiyi silinda.

Kuwedzera kwakanyanya kudzvanya kucharatidza kudonha nekuda kwekupfekwa kana kunamatira piston mhete kana zvikweshwa pamadziro emukati cylinder.

Hapana shanduko inoreva kuti mavharuvhu haavhare zvachose uye anoda kuiswa mukati kana kutsiviwa.

Kana kuverenga kuchiwedzera nehuwandu hushoma, zvindori uye mavharuvhu ari kukanganisa panguva imwe chete, kana pane kukanganisa mu cylinder head gasket.  

Paunenge uchiongorora zviyero zvekuyera, zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti kudzvanywa mumasilinda kunoenderana nehuwandu hwekudziya kweinjini, kukora kwemafuta uye zvimwe zvinhu, uye midziyo yekuyeresa kazhinji ine kukanganisa kunogona kuita 2...3 bar. . Naizvozvo, kwete chete uye kwete zvakanyanya mhedziso yekumanikidza kukosha kwakakosha, asi mutsauko weakayerwa kukosha kwemasilinda akasiyana.

Kana kudzvinyirirwa kuri pazasi penguva dzose, asi mumasilinda ega ega musiyano uri mukati me10%, zvinoreva kuti pane kupfeka yunifomu yeCPG pasina kukanganisa kuri pachena. Ipapo zvikonzero zvekushanda zvisina kujairika kweiyo unit zvinofanirwa kutariswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo - iyo ignition system, majekiseni uye zvimwe zvikamu.

Kudzvinyirira kwakaderera mune imwe yemasilinda kunoratidza kuvepo kwekusashanda mukati mayo kunoda kubviswa.

Kana izvi zvichionekwa mune peya yemasilinda ari pedyo, zvino zvinogoneka.

Iyo tafura inotevera ichakubatsira iwe kuona chaiyo kusashanda muinjini yepeturu zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yezviyero uye zvimwe zviratidzo.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mhedzisiro inowanikwa inogona kuita senge isina musoro, asi zvese zvinogona kutsanangurwa. Kana injini yechikuru iine compression yakakwirira, haufanirwe kugumisa kuti iri muhurongwa hwakakwana uye hapana chekunetsekana nacho. Nyaya yacho inogona kunge iri yakawanda yekabhoni deposits, iyo inoderedza huwandu hwekamuri yekupisa. Nokudaro kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa.

Когда снижение компрессии не слишком велико и нормативный ресурс двигателя еще не выработан, можно попробовать провести , а через пару недель после этого снова сделать измерения. Если ситуация улучшится, то можно вздохнуть с облегчением. Но не исключено, что всё останется по-прежнему или даже станет хуже, и тогда нужно готовиться — морально и финансово — к проведению агрегата.