Injini dzemagetsi

Dhizaini maficha einjini dzedhiziri

Injini yedhiziri imwe yemhando dzemagetsi episton. Panyaya yekushanda kwayo, inenge isina kusiyana ne peturu yemukati inopisa injini. Kune mamwe macylinders, pistons, tsvimbo dzekubatanidza, crankshaft nezvimwe zvinhu.

Chiito che "diesel" chinobva pane yekuzvipisa pfuma yedhiziri yakapfapfaidzwa munzvimbo yehumburumbira. Mavharuvhu ari mumotokari yakadaro anosimbiswa zvakanyanya - izvi zvaifanira kuitwa kuitira kuti iyo unit irambe inopesana nekuwedzera mitoro kwenguva yakareba. Nekuda kweizvi, uremu uye zviyero zveinjini ye "dizeli" yakakura kupfuura iyo yakafanana peturu unit.

Pane zvakare musiyano wakakosha pakati pedhiziri uye peturu nzira. Iri mukuti musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta unogadzirwa sei, chii chinonzi musimboti wekupisa uye kupisa. Pakutanga, kuyerera kwemhepo kwakachena kunonangidzirwa mumasilinda anoshanda. Sezvo mhepo inomanikidzwa, inodziya kusvika kune tembiricha inenge 700 degrees, mushure mokunge majekiseni anopinza mafuta mukamuri rinopisa. Tembiricha yakakwira inokurudzira kupisa kwemafuta pakarepo. Kupisa kunoperekedzwa nekukurumidza kuvaka-kukwira kwepamusoro-soro muhumburumbira, saka iyo dizeli unit inoburitsa ruzha rwemhando panguva yekushanda.

Diesel injini inotanga

Kutanga injini yedhiziri munzvimbo inotonhora inoitwa nekuda kwekupenya plugs. Aya ndiwo magetsi ekupisa akabatanidzwa mune imwe neimwe yemakamuri ekupisa. Kana kupisa kwavhurwa, mapulagi anopenya anopisa kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya = anenge 800 madhigirii. Izvi zvinopisa mhepo mumakamuri ekupisa. Maitiro ese anotora masekonzi mashoma, uye mutyairi anoziviswa nechiratidzo chechiratidzo mumudziyo wechiridzwa kuti injini yedhiziri yakagadzirira kutanga.

Magetsi anopihwa kune anopenya plug anotemwa otomatiki anenge masekonzi makumi maviri mushure mekutanga. Izvi zvinodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakagadzikana kweinjini inotonhora.

Diesel injini yemafuta system

Imwe yeakakosha masisitimu einjini yedhiziri ndiyo mafuta ekupa system. Basa rayo guru nderekupa mafuta edhiziri kune cylinder muhuwandu hushoma uye chete pane imwe nguva.

Izvo zvakakosha zveiyo mafuta system:

• high pressure fuel pombi (TNVD);
• mafuta majekiseni;
• filter element.

Chinangwa chikuru chepombi yejekiseni ndechekupa mafuta kune majekiseni. Inoshanda maererano nechirongwa chakapihwa maererano nemodhi iyo injini inoshanda uye zviito zvemutyairi. Kutaura zvazviri, pombi dzemazuva ano dzemafuta inzira dzepamusoro-soro dzinodzora otomatiki kushanda kweinjini yedhiziri zvichibva pane zvinoiswa nemutyairi.

Panguva iyo mutyairi anotsikirira gasi pedal, haachinje huwandu hwemafuta anopiwa, asi anoita shanduko pakushanda kwevanodzora zvichienderana nesimba rekutsikirira pedal. Ndiwo maregulator anoshandura huwandu hwekuchinja kweinjini uye, zvinoenderana, kumhanya kwemuchina.

Sezvo nyanzvi kubva kuFavorit Motors Group inocherekedza, pombi yemafuta ejekiseni edhizaini yekugovera anowanzo kuisirwa pamotokari dzinotakura vanhu, crossovers uye SUVs. Iwo ari compact muhukuru, anopa mafuta zvakaenzana kumasilinda uye anoshanda nemazvo pakumhanya kukuru.

Iyo injector inogamuchira mafuta kubva papombi uye inogadzirisa huwandu hwemafuta isati yadzorera mafuta kukamuri yekupisa. Diesel mauniti akashongedzerwa nemajekiseni ane imwe yemhando mbiri dzekugovera: mhando kana akawanda-gomba. Iyo inogovera tsono inogadzirwa nepamusoro-simba, inodzivirira kupisa zvinhu nekuti inoshanda pakupisa kwakanyanya.

Iyo sefa yemafuta iri nyore uye, panguva imwecheteyo, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvedhiziri unit. Maitiro ayo anoshanda anofanira kunyatsoenderana nemhando chaiyo yeinjini. Chinangwa chesefa ndechekuparadzanisa condensate (iyo yakaderera gomba ine plug inoitirwa izvi) uye kubvisa yakawandisa mweya kubva kune system (iyo yepamusoro booster pombi inoshandiswa). Mamwe mhando dzemotokari dzine basa rekudziya kwemagetsi emafuta sefa - izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kutanga injini yedhiziri munguva yechando.

Mhando dzemayuniti edhiziri

Muindasitiri yemazuva ano yemotokari, marudzi maviri emagetsi edhiziri anoshandiswa:

• injini jekiseni zvakananga;
• injini dzedhiziri dzine kamuri yekupisa yakaparadzana.

Mumayuniti edhiziri ane jekiseni rakananga, kamuri yekupisa inosanganiswa mupiston. Mafuta anopinzwa munzvimbo iri pamusoro pepiston yobva yaendeswa mukamuri. Jekiseni rehuni rakananga rinowanzo shandiswa pane yakaderera-kumhanya, yakakura-inotamisa magetsi panonetsa nyaya dzekubatidza.

Diesel injini dzine kamuri yakaparadzana dzakawanda nhasi. Musanganiswa unopisa unobaiwa kwete munzvimbo iri pamusoro pepiston, asi mune imwe mhango inowanikwa muhumburumbira musoro. Iyi nzira inogonesa iyo yekuzvipisa. Pamusoro pezvo, iyi mhando yeinjini yedhiziri inoshanda neruzha rushoma kunyangwe nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Idzi ndidzo injini dzakaiswa nhasi mumotokari, crossovers uye SUVs.

Zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, iyo dhiziri yemagetsi unit inoshanda mune ina-stroke uye maviri-stroke cycles.

Iyo ina-stroke kutenderera inosanganisira anotevera matanho ekushanda kwesimba remagetsi:

• Kurova kwekutanga ndiko kutenderera kwe crankshaft 180 degrees. Pamusana pekufamba kwayo, valve yekutora inovhura, semugumisiro weiyo mweya unopiwa kune cylinder cavity. Mushure meizvi, valve inovhara kamwe kamwe. Panguva imwecheteyo, pane imwe nzvimbo, kuvhara (kusunungurwa) valve kunovhurawo. Nguva yekuvhurwa panguva imwe chete yemavharuvhu inonzi overlap.
• Yechipiri sitiroko ndiko kutsikirirwa kwemhepo nepiston.
• Chiyero chechitatu ndiko kutanga kwekufamba. Iyo crankshaft inotenderera 540 madhigirii, musanganiswa wemafuta-mhepo unopisa uye unopisa kana ukasangana nemajekiseni. Simba rinobudiswa panguva yekupisa rinopinda mupiston uye rinoita kuti ifambe.
• Yechina kutenderera inoenderana nekutenderera kwe crankshaft kusvika 720 madhigirii. Iyo piston inosimuka uye inoburitsa zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvakashandiswa kuburikidza nevharuvhu yekuburitsa.

Kutenderera kwemaviri-kutenderera kunowanzo shandiswa paunotanga dhiziri unit. Mhedzisiro yaro iri mukuti mhepo yekutsikirira sitiroko uye kutanga kwemaitiro ekushanda kunopfupikiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, piston inoburitsa gasi rekupedza simba kuburikidza neanokosha inlet ports panguva yekushanda kwayo, uye kwete mushure mokunge yadzika. Mushure mekutora nzvimbo yekutanga, piston inocheneswa kuti ibvise zvakasara kubva mukupisa.

Kubatsira uye Kukanganisa kwekushandisa Diesel Engines

Diesel mafuta emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anoratidzirwa nehukuru hwesimba uye kunyatsoshanda. Nyanzvi kubva kuFavorit Motors Group dzinoona kuti mota dzine injini dzedhiziri dziri kuwedzera kudiwa gore rega rega munyika yedu.

Chekutanga, nekuda kwezvimiro zvekupisa kwemafuta maitiro uye nekuramba kuburitswa kwemagasi emhepo, dizeli hairemekedze zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa pamhando yemafuta. Izvi zvinoita kuti vawedzere mari uye vakwanise kuchengetedza. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwemafuta ejini yedhiziri kuduku kudarika kwepetroli unit yevhoriyamu imwechete.

Kechipiri, kupisa kwega kwega kwemafuta-mhepo musanganiswa kunoitika zvakaenzana panguva yejekiseni. Naizvozvo, injini dzedhiziri dzinogona kushanda nekumhanya kwakaderera uye, kunyangwe izvi, inoburitsa yakakwira torque. Ichi chivakwa chinoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira mota ine dhiziri unit zviri nyore kutyaira pane mota inoshandisa peturu.

Chechitatu, iyo yakashandiswa gasi kupera kubva muinjini yedhiziri ine yakaderera kabhoni monoxide, iyo inoita kuti kushanda kwemotokari dzakadaro kuve neushamwari.

Pasinei nekuvimbika kwavo uye hupenyu hweinjini yepamusoro, magetsi edhiziri anokundikana nekufamba kwenguva. Favorit Motors Boka reMakambani matekiniki haakurudzire kuita basa rekugadzirisa wega, nekuti emazuva ano injini dzedhiziri dzakakwirira-tech. Uye kugadzirisa kwavo kunoda ruzivo rwakakosha uye midziyo.

Favorit Motors mota sevhisi nyanzvi mhizha dzakakwanisa dzakapedza internship uye kudzidziswa munzvimbo dzekudzidzisa dzekugadzira zvidyarwa. Ivo vanokwanisa kuwana zvese zvinyorwa zvetekinoroji uye vane makore mazhinji eruzivo mukugadzirisa zvikamu zvedhiziri chero shanduko. Nzvimbo yedu yetekinoroji ine zvese zvinodiwa uye maturusi ehunyanzvi ekuongororwa nekugadzirisa injini dzedhiziri. Uye zvakare, kudzoreredza nekugadzirisa masevhisi einjini dzedhiziri dzakapihwa neFavorit Motors Boka reMakambani zviri nyore pazvikwama zveMuscovites.

Nyanzvi dzebasa remotokari dzinocherekedza kuti kureba kweinjini yedhiziri zvakananga kunoenderana nekuti inoitwa sei panguva uye yemhando yepamusoro sevhisi. PaFavorit Motors technical center, kugadzirisa kwemaitiro kunoitwa zvichinyatsoenderana nemachati ekuyerera kwemugadziri uye kushandisa chete zvemhando yepamusoro zvakasimirirwa zvisara.

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