Injini Toyota V, 3V, 4V, 4V-U, 4V-EU, 5V-EU
Iyo V yakatevedzana injini yakavhura peji nyowani mukugadzirwa kwemhando nyowani dzemayuniti emagetsi nevavaki veinjini dzeJapan. Magetsi makuru echinyakare akatsiviwa neakareruka. Panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzirisa kwe cylinder block kwakashanduka.
tsananguro
Mukutanga 60s, mainjiniya paToyota Motor Corporation vakagadzira uye vakaisa mukugadzira nhevedzano yeinjini dzechizvarwa chitsva. Injini yeV ndiyo yaiva muvambi weinjini yepeturu yakanga ichangobva kusikwa. Yakava injini yepeturu yekutanga ine silinda yeV ine huwandu hwemarita 2,6. Panguva iyoyo, simba rayo duku (115 hp) uye torque (196 Nm) vainzi zvakakwana zvakakwana.
Yakagadzirirwa mukuru wemotokari Toyota Crown Eight, iyo yakaiswa kubva 1964 kusvika 1967. Mukutanga 60s, sere-cylinder injini yaiva chiratidzo chemhando uye kirasi yepamusoro yemotokari.
Zvigadziri zvinowanikwa
Iyo cylinder block, panzvimbo yesimbi yakakandwa, ndeyekutanga yakagadzirwa nealuminium, iyo yakanyanya kuderedza huremu hwese unit. Mukati (mukudonha kwechivharo) camshaft uye valve drive yakaiswa. Basa ravo raiitwa kuburikidza nemapusher uye maoko e rocker. Iyo camber angle yaive 90˚.
Misoro yehumburumbira yaive zvakare yakagadzirwa nealuminium alloy. Iwo makamuri ekupisa aive nehemispherical shape (HEMI). Musoro wecylinder iri nyore-vhavha mbiri, ine pamusoro pe spark plug.
Cylinder liner dzakatota. Pistons ndeye standard. Iyo groove yemafuta scraper mhete yakawedzera (yakawedzera).
Iyo ignition distributor muparadzi anozivikanwawo zvake.
Iyo gasi yekugovera michina inogadzirwa zvinoenderana neOHV chirongwa, icho chine mhedzisiro yakanaka pane compactness uye kurerutsa kweinjini dhizaini.
Kudengenyeka kwechipiri kunoenzaniswa nebasa repistoni yakatarisana yeCPG, saka kuisirwa kwechiyero shafts mublock hakuna kupihwa. Pakupedzisira, mhinduro iyi inoderedza huremu hweyuniti, uye dhizaini yayo inorerutsa zvakanyanya.
3V mota. Yakarongwa zvakafanana kune yakatangira (V). Yakagadzirwa kubva 1967 kusvika 1973. Kusvikira 1997, yakaiswa paToyota Century limousine.
Iine mativi makuru mashoma. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera piston sitiroko ne 10 mm. Mhedzisiro inowedzera simba, torque uye compression ratio. Engine displacement yakawedzerawo kusvika 3,0 litres.
Muna 1967, muparadzi wechinyakare akatsiviwa neelectronic ignition system. Mugore rimwe chetero, mudziyo wekubatidza otomatiki feni inotonhorera wakagadzirwa.
Muna 1973, kugadzirwa kweinjini kwakamiswa. Panzvimbo iyoyo, iyo dhizaini yakabata yakagadziridzwa vhezheni yeyakatangira - 3,4 L. 4V. Ruzivo rweinjini dzeiyi modhi haruna kuchengetedzwa (kunze kweiyo inoratidzwa muTafura 1).
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kusunungurwa kwayo kwakaitwa kubva muna 1973 kusvika muna 1983, uye kugadziriswa kwayo kwakaiswa paToyota Century kusvika muna 1997.
Injini 4V-U, 4V-EU ine catalytic converter zvinoenderana neJapan zviyero. Uye zvakare, iwo 4V-EU masimba emagetsi, kusiyana nevakatangira, aive nemagetsi jekiseni remafuta.
Iyo ichangoburwa yekupinda muV-yakatevedzana yakaita akati wandei shanduko dzakakosha kubva kune vayo vekutanga. Engine displacement 4,0 l. 5V-EU kusiyana nevakatangira, yakanga iri vheji yepamusoro, ine gasi rekuparadzira gasi rakagadzirwa maererano neSOHC chirongwa.
Jekiseni remafuta rakaitwa neEFI electronic control system. Yakapa hupfumi kushandiswa kwemafuta uye yakaderedza huturu hwemagasi anopedza simba. Uyezve, kutanga injini inotonhora zviri nyore.
Kufanana ne4V-EU, injini yaive necatalytic converter iyo yakapa kucheneswa kwemhepo kune yagara iripo.
Sefa yesimbi inogona kudzokororwa zvakare yakashandiswa murubrication system. Panguva yekugadzirisa, yaisada kutsiviwa - zvaive zvakakwana kungoisuka zvakanaka. Sistimu inokwana - 4,5 litita. mafuta.
Iyo 5V-EU yakaiswa parudzi rwekutanga Toyota Century sedan (G1) kubva munaGunyana 40 kusvika Kurume 1987. Kugadzirwa kweinjini kwakagara kwemakore gumi nemashanu - kubva muna 1997 kusvika muna 15.
Technical specifications
Muchidimbu tafura kuti zvive nyore kuenzanisa, hunyanzvi hunhu hweV akateedzana injini renji hunounzwa.
| V | 3V | 4V | 4V-U | 4V-EU | 5V-EU | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mhando yeinjini | V-zvakaumbwa | V-zvakaumbwa | V-zvakaumbwa | V-zvakaumbwa | V-zvakaumbwa | V-zvakaumbwa |
| Accommodation | longitudinal | longitudinal | longitudinal | longitudinal | longitudinal | longitudinal |
| Injini vhoriyamu, cm³ | 2599 | 2981 | 3376 | 3376 | 3376 | 3994 |
| Simba, hp | 115 | 150 | 180 | 170 | 180 | 165 |
| Torque, Nm | 196 | 235 | 275 | 260 | 270 | 289 |
| Kukanganiswa kwehuwandu | 9 | 9,8 | 8,8 | 8,5 | 8,8 | 8,6 |
| Cylinder block | aruminiyamu | aruminiyamu | aruminiyamu | aruminiyamu | aruminiyamu | aruminiyamu |
| Cylinder musoro | aruminiyamu | aruminiyamu | aruminiyamu | aruminiyamu | aruminiyamu | aruminiyamu |
| Uwandu sepombi | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |
| Cylinder dhayamita, mm | 78 | 78 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 87 |
| Kurohwa kwepisitoni, mm | 68 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 84 |
| Mavharuvhu pamusoro humburumbira | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Nguva yekufambisa | cheni | cheni | cheni | cheni | cheni | cheni |
| Gasi yekuparadzira system | OHV | SOHC | ||||
| Hydraulic compensator | ||||||
| Fuel supply system | Magetsi jekiseni | Jekiseni remagetsi, EFI | ||||
| Fuel | Peturu AI-95 | |||||
| Lubrication system, l | 4,5 | |||||
| Turbocharging | ||||||
| Chiyero chehupfu | ||||||
| Resource, kunze. km | 300 + | |||||
| Weight kg | 225 | 180 |
Kuvimbika uye kuchengetedza
Hunhu hweinjini dzeJapan hapana mubvunzo. Inenge chero yemukati injini yekupisa yakazviratidza kuva yakavimbika zvakakwana unit. Inopindirana nechirevo ichi uye yakagadzirwa "masere".
Kureruka kwekugadzira, kuderera kudiwa pamafuta akashandiswa uye mafuta ekuzora kwakawedzera kuvimbika uye nekuderedza mukana wekutadza. Semuenzaniso, kubudirira kwemakumi emakore adarika kwakanga kusingasiyaniswi nemidziyo yemafuta yakaoma, uye dhiraivha yakasimba yakayamwisa kupfuura makiromita 250 zviuru. Panguva imwecheteyo, hupenyu hwebasa hwe "chekare" injini, hongu, zvichienderana nekugadzirisa kwakawanda kana kushoma kwakaringana, kazhinji kunodarika makiromita zviuru mazana mashanu.
Iwo masimba emagetsi eV akateedzana anosimbisa zvizere kutendeseka kweshoko rekuti "zvakareruka, zvakanyanya kuvimbika." Vamwe vatyairi vanodaidza injini idzi se "millionaires". Iko hakuna kusimbiswa kwakananga kweizvi, asi vanhu vazhinji vanoti kuvimbika kwekirasi yepamusoro. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune 5V-EU modhi.
Chero mota yeV yakatevedzana ine yakanaka kuchengetedza. Boring liners, pamwe nekukuya crankshaft kune inotevera saizi yekugadzirisa, haina kuomesesa. Dambudziko riri kune imwe nzvimbo - zvakaoma kutsvaga "zvidiki" zvekushandisa uye zvinoshandiswa.
Iko hakuna zvepakutanga zvisara zvikamu zvinotengeswa, sezvo injini yekuburitsa isingatsigirwe nemugadziri. Pasinei nematambudziko aya, nzira yekubuda nayo chero mamiriro ezvinhu inogona kuwanikwa. Semuenzaniso, tsiva yekutanga neanalogue. Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, unogona kutenga nyore nyore injini yechibvumirano (kunyangwe izvi zvichingoshanda kune 5V-EU modhi).
Nenzira, iyo Toyota 5V-EU simba unit inogona kushandiswa sekuchinjana (chinjana) kit kana yakaiswa pamhando dzakawanda dzemotokari, kunyange dzakagadzirwa neRussia - UAZ, Mhara, nezvimwewo. Pane vhidhiyo panyaya iyi.
I-V-shaped peturu GXNUMXs yakagadzirwa neToyota yaiva kutanga kwekugadzirwa kwechizvarwa chitsva cheinjini.
