Indian Ocean panguva yeHondo Yenyika II, chikamu 3
Gurkas, inotsigirwa neM3 Grant yepakati matangi, inotsvaira mauto eJapan kubva mumugwagwa weImphal Kohima kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweIndia.
Pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II, Indian Ocean yaive nzira yekutaurirana yakakosha kune veAllies, kunyanya maBritish, kutakura zvinhu nemauto kubva kumakoloni kuFar East neOceania. Kubudirira kweJapan kwakachinja zvakanyanya mamiriro ezvinhu: mamwe makoroni akarasika, nepo mamwe akava epamberi nyika dzaifanira kurwira kurarama chete.
Muna November 1942, nzvimbo yeBritish muIndian Ocean yakanga yakaipisisa kupfuura gore rakanga rapfuura, asi njodzi yakapikirwa pakutanga kwegore yakanga iri kure. MaAllies aitonga gungwa uye aikwanisa kuendesa zvinhu kuIndia uye - kuburikidza nePersia - kuSoviet Union. Zvisinei, kurasikirwa kweSingapore kwakareva kuti nzira dziri pakati peBritain neAustralia neNew Zealand dzakadimburirwa. Kuchengeteka kwezvinhu zviviri izvi kwakanga kusisina kutsamira paLondon, asi paWashington.
Kuputika kwezvombo muchikepe m / s "Neptune" kwakakonzera kurasikirwa kukuru panguva yekubhomba kwechiteshi chengarava muDarwin. Zvisinei, mucheri wezvimbambaira HMAS Deloraine, anooneka kumberi, akapona pachiitiko ichi chinosiririsa.
Zvisinei, kutyisidzira kuAustralia neNew Zealand kubva pakurwiswa kweJapan kwaiva kuduku. Kusiyana nekunyepa kweAmerica, iyo ichiri kurarama nhasi, maJapan akanga asiri varwi vanopenga vakakurirwa nechishuwo chekukunda nyika yose, asi mazano ane njere. Vaitarisira kuti hondo yavakatanga nekurwiswa kwePearl Harbor muna 1941 yaizotevera mamiriro akaita sehondo neRussia muna 1904-1905: kutanga vaizotora zvinzvimbo zvekudzivirira, kumisa muvengi anopikisa, uyezve nhaurirano dzerunyararo. Kupikisa kweBritish kunogona kubva kuIndian Ocean, iyo yekuAmerica inopikisa kubva kuPacific. The Allied counteroffensive kubva kuAustralia yakatongerwa kunamatira mune dzimwe archipelagos uye haina kutyisidzira zvakananga kuJapan. (Chokwadi chakayedzwa chaive nekuda kwezvikonzero zvidiki - zvakanyanya zvematongerwo enyika - izvo zvinogona kufananidzirwa naGeneral Douglas MacArthur, uyo anoda kudzokera kuPhilippine zvachose.)
Nepo Australia yanga isiri iyo tarisiro yeJapan, yaive yakakosha kushanda. Kunyange 1941 asati asvika, Mutungamiriri—gare gare Admiral—Sadatoshi Tomioka, Mukuru Wokuvhiya kweVashandi Vengarava, akataura kuti panzvimbo pokurwisa Hawaii—izvo zvakatungamirira kuPearl Harbor neMidway—kurwisa Fiji neSamoa, uye ipapo New Zealand. Nokudaro, iyo yaitarisirwa yeAmerican counter-offensive yaifanira kutungamirirwa kwete zvakananga pazvitsuwa zveJapan, asi muSouth Pacific. Kurwiswa kweNew Zealand kungadai kwakave chiitiko chakanyanya kuenderana nenzvimbo yehurongwa hwehondo yeJapan, asi chinangwa chakadzivirira.
Murairi wengarava wakasarudza kuti mapoka matatu aizokwana kutora mapurovhinzi okuchamhembe eAustralia, uye ngarava dzine kutamiswa kwematani anosvika 500 000 dzaizodzitarisira. Headquarters yeImperial Army yakaseka kuverenga uku, yakasarudza simba shoma rezvikamu gumi uye yakada matani e10 gross toni kuti ivape. Aya aive masimba makuru uye nzira kupfuura ayo akashandiswa mukukunda kwa2 kubva kuBurma kuburikidza neMalaya neDutch Indies kuenda kuPhilippine. Aya aive masimba ayo Japan yaisakwanisa kumisa, ngarava yake yese yevatengesi yaive nekutamiswa kwe000 gross tons.
Chikumbiro chekurwisa Australia chakazorambwa muna February 1942, apo mamwe matanho echiuto akafungwa pashure pokunge Singapore yakundwa. MaJapan akasarudza kupinda muHawaii, iyo yakaguma nekukundwa kweJapan kuMidway. Kutorwa kweNew Guinea kwaifanirwa kunge kuri kwerudzi rwekuparadza, asi mushure meHondo yeGungwa reCoral, chirongwa chakamiswa. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kudyidzana: Hondo yeGungwa reCoral yakarwiwa mwedzi isati yasvika Hondo yeMidway, uye kurasikirwa muhondo yekutanga kwakabatsira mukukundwa kweJapan yechipiri. Nekudaro, dai Hondo yeMidway yakabudirira kune maJapan, zvirongwa zvekukunda New Guinea zvingangove zvakavandudzwa. Kutevedzana kwakadai kwakaratidzwa nemaJapan pavakaedza kutora chitsuwa cheNauru - ichi chaivewo chikamu chehurongwa hwekuparadza pamberi peHawaii kurwisa - kumanikidzwa kudzoka muna Chivabvu 1942, kwakadzokorora kushanda muna Nyamavhuvhu.
