Chii chinonzi undercarriage yemota

Iyo yepasi pemotokari yemotokari inosanganisira akati wandei ezvikamu uye michina iyo pamwe chete inovimbisa kufamba kwemotokari zvine chekuita nemugwagwa uye kuderedza zviitiko zvakaita sekudedera, kudengenyeka uye kuzununguka kusvika padanho raunoda. Inobva kune chassis iyo nhanho yekunyaradza panguva yekukwira kwemutyairi nevafambi zvakanyanya zvinoenderana.

Zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvemotokari inomhanya zvinogona kusiyaniswa:

• kubereka nheyo (skeleton);
• mufambisi (kwete kuvhiringidzwa neinjini!);
• pendende.

Ngationgororei zvakadzama chigadziri uye chinangwa chekushanda chechimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi.

Furemu kana muviri unogona kushanda sechinhu chinotsigira. Mumotokari dzekutakura, basa re skeleton rinowanzoitwa nefuremu. Mumotokari dzevatakuri, mutakuri muviri, dhizaini inogona kuve furemu kana isina furemu. Iko kushandiswa kwechimiro kunokubvumira kuti uwedzere kuderedza chiyero chekudengenyeka mu cabin uye kuwedzera kunyaradza. Kune rimwe divi, iyo isina furemu muviri ine huremu hwakaderera, iyo ine mhedzisiro yakanaka pakutyaira kwekuita uye hupfumi hwemotokari.

Mutumbi wemotokari yevafambi unogona kuva nemakamuri matatu anoshanda - imba yeinjini, imba yevafambi uye trunk. Mune akawanda mamodheru, hunde sechikamu chakasiyana haipo. Uye Zvinoitika kuti ese matatu madhipatimendi anosanganiswa kuita vhoriyamu imwe.

Muchiitiko chakawanda, mufambisi inoshandura yeimwe mhando yesimba kuita basa rekufamba. Iyo propeller inogona kunge iri seiri, zvikwasvi, propeller kana propeller, jet injini nozzles, munda wemagetsi, uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Mukufambisa kwenyika, mavhiri kana maturu anowanzoshandiswa semufambisi, zvishoma kazhinji - mamwe maturusi, semuenzaniso, nzira dzekufamba.

Mota nemarori mazhinji anoshandisa mavhiri epneumatic, ayo ane rimu, disc uye tai. Discless mavhiri akaiswa pamabhazi uye motokari dzinorema.

Discs

Kune mota dzevafambi, madhisiki asina kupatsanurwa anowanzo kushandiswa. Mune iyi dhizaini, rimu inzvimbo yakasungirirwa kune disc. Madhisiki ane rimu inobvisika anowanikwa mumotokari dzekunze. Izvo zvinoitika kuti cutouts inogadzirwa mumadhisiki kuderedza uremu hwavo uye kuvandudza kutonhora kwemaitiro ekubhureki.

Mavhiri anogadzirwa kubva kune akareruka alloys akavakirwa paaluminium kana magnesium kana kubva kusimbi. Mota zhinji dzinobva pafekitari dzinotakura zvinhu dzinopedzwa nemadhisiki esimbi. Ivo vanosiyaniswa nemutengo wakaderera uye ductility - pakukanganisa, ivo havatseki, asi vanoremara uye panguva imwe chete vachitamba basa remadhamu ekumisa uye kutungamirira zvikamu, kuderedza mukana wekukanganisa kwavo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, dhisiki resimbi rakaremara rinogona kugadziriswa. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvesimbi discs zvinosanganisira hukuru hwakakosha uye kubatwa nekuora.

Mavhiri alloy anogadzirwa nekukanda kana kuforoma. Alloy mavhiri anoderedza huremu hwemavhiri uye kazhinji anoderedza huremu husina kusimba, izvo zvinotungamira kudzikiswa kwemutoro pakumiswa uye zvinokanganisa kukwira, kugadzikana uye kutonga kwemotokari. Nekudaro, mavhiri alloy akaderera musimba kune mavhiri esimbi; aine simba rakasimba, anogona kutsemuka nekudonha. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune magnesium discs, iyo, uyezve, haina kusiyaniswa neyakakura anti-corrosion properties.

Mavhiri akaumbwa akagadzirwa nemwenje alloys ane mashoma mashoma mashoma, anosiyaniswa nesimba rakakura uye kuramba kukorona. Kushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira kunomanikidzwa nekuoma kwekugadzira uye kudhura kwakanyanya.

Seat for the tire - rim sherufu. Kune matayi echubhu, ine kutsetseka kweseti yemadhigirii ane hukama nendege yakachinjika; mudhizaini yematayi asina machubhu, sherufu angle ingangoita gumi nemashanu madhigirii. Iyo inokwira dhayamita ye disc inotarirwa nehuwandu hwemasherufu.

Pamativi emupendero pane zvimiso zvematairi mabheji - izvo zvinonzi flanges, chinhambwe chiri pakati pavo chinopindirana nehupamhi hwerimu. Saizi iyi inofanirwa kunge iri 70 ... 75% yehupamhi hweiyo tire profile. Kutsauka kune rimwe divi kana rimwe kunokanganisa kutyaira kwemotokari.

Imwe inokosha parameter ye disc ndiyo inogadzirisa - chinhambwe chiri pakati pendege yayo yakatwasuka ye symmetry uye ndege yekusangana nehubhu. Kuenda kunofanirwa kunge kuri mukati memiganho inokurudzirwa neautomaker, zvikasadaro kubata kunozodzikira, kunyanya kana braking.

Mukuwedzera kune rim upamhi, dhayamita uye kureba, pakusarudza marimu, unofanirwa kufunga nezvehukuru hwegomba repakati, pamwe nenhamba, nzvimbo uye dhayamita yemakomba anokwira.

Muchitoro chepamhepo unogona kusarudza marimu emota dzeChinese brand. Unogonawo kuzvitenga pano.

Matairi

Matayi anopa kubata kwakaringana pamusoro pemugwagwa uye kuderedza mhedzisiro yemapundu emumugwagwa pakumiswa uye basa remuviri. Impact kutsetseka kunoitika nekuda kwekureruka kwerabha uye elasticity yegasi rakamanikidzwa mukati mevhiri. Sezvo mutemo, mhepo yakajairika inoputirwa muvhiri, zvinoitika kuti nitrogen. Iwe unogona kuverenga nezve kana zvakakodzera kupinza matai nenitrogen mune inoenderana.

Maererano nenzira yekuisa chisimbiso matairi akakamurwa kuva chamber uye tubeless. Tai rechubhu rine kamuri yerabha yakazadzwa nemhepo uye tai. Chamber iyi ine vharuvhu inobuda nepaburi riri parimu. Iyi dhizaini ichiri kuwanikwa apo neapo, asi yatove yechinyakare uye yakatongerwa kunyangarika zvachose mune ramangwana rinoonekwa.

Dzinenge mota dzese dzakagadzirwa munguva yedu dzakashongedzerwa nematayi asina chubhu ane yakasarudzika dhizaini mukati mayo emukati inovimbisa kusimba uye inodzivirira kubuda kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa kuburikidza nemamicropores evhiri. Mabhero ematai akadaro ane zvisimbiso zvekunamira panzvimbo yekugara pamarimu flanges. Mavharuvhu akaiswa mumakomba akakosha murimu.

Matayi echubhu akareruka, akavimbika uye akasimba kupfuura matai echubhu. Zvisinei, dzinofanira kubviswa uye kuiswa zvakanaka. Kana divi remupendero werimu rikakuvadzwa, kuvharika kwevhiri kunogona kukanganiswa. Zviri nani kushandisa masevhisi echitoro chetairi, chine midziyo yakakodzera.

Pakugadzira matai, rubber uye tambo (simbi, polymer kana textile) inoshandiswa. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo yetambo dzetambo, kune matairi ane diagonal uye radial chitunha. Mumotokari dzevatakuri, matai e radial anonyanya kushandiswa, ane akati wandei mabhenefiti achienzaniswa neaya diagonal.

Matai zvakare akasiyana mumamiriro ekunze ekushandiswa, chimiro, saizi, kutsika pateni, kumhanya index, mutoro wekuremerwa uye akati wandei mamwe ma paramita. Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezvekuti ungasarudza sei matai akakodzera emota yako. Imwe yakasiyana yakatsaurirwa kusarudzwa kwematairi echando.

Chinangwa uye marudzi

Kuturika inzira yepakati pakati pemavhiri uye inotakura furemu. Chinangwa chayo chikuru chekushanda ndechekudzikamisa kukanganisa kwakashata kwekukanganisa pakusaenzana kwemugwagwa, kudzikisira kunokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwemuviri uye kuve nechokwadi chekufamba kwakanaka kwemotokari. Nekuda kwekumisikidzwa, kubatana pakati pemuviri nemavhiri kunova elastic, injini yekupisa yemukati, giya bhokisi uye zvimwe zvikamu hazvisi pasi pekuzununguka, uye vanhu vari mukamuri vanonzwa vakasununguka. Kumiswa kwakanyatsochengetedzwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kunovandudza mabatirwo emotokari uye kunonatsiridza kugadzikana kwekutyaira.

Kazhinji kune marudzi maviri makuru ekumiswa - inotsamira uye yakazvimirira. Muchiremerera, mavhiri maviri eekisi imwe chete akabatana kune rimwe uye anotamiswa munzvimbo pamwe chete neakisi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kana rimwe remavhiri rikarova, semuenzaniso, kusimudza uye kunyungudika, rimwe vhiri reekisero imwe chete richarereka nekona imwe chete. Iyo yakazvimirira haina kubatana kwakasimba zvakadaro, mavhiri anogona kutenderera, kusimuka uye kudonha pasina mumwe kune mumwe.

Iwe unogona kuverenga nezve zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvekumisikidzwa uye kuzvimiririra uye ndeipi iri nani mune izvi.

Mumotokari dzevatyairi, kumiswa kunotsamira kunowanikwa chete paaxle yekumashure. Pamberi, chete kumiswa kwakazvimirira kunoiswa. Iyo MacPherson system ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, nekuda kwekureruka kwekugadzira uye yakaderera mutengo ine yakanaka yakanaka kinematic zvivakwa. MacPherson anewo huremu hudiki, hunokosha zvikuru, sezvo misimboti isingasviki vanhu vakawanda, uye iyo yakaderera chiyero chehuwandu husina kusimba uye hwakakura hwemotokari, zviri nani kutyaira kwayo - kubata, kutasva uye chikamu chemasimba.

Mumhando dzinodhura, kumiswa kwe-multi-link kunoshanda kunoshandiswa.

Kune mamwe marudzi ekumisikidzwa akazvimirira - maoko anoteedzera, mashuviro maviri, maoko oblique, zvitubu zvemashizha, torsion mabara - asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana ndezvekushandiswa kushoma.

Kuvaka

Chero kumiswa kunosanganisira matatu makuru emhando yezvikamu - vatungamiriri, elastic uye damping.

Zvinhu zvinotungamirira ndezvipi, tsvimbo, tsvimbo. Huwandu hwemarevheti hunogona kuve hwakasiyana, uye hunogona kuwanikwa pamwe chete, mhiri kana pakona kune longitudinal axis yemota. Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro pemudziyo uye marudzi ezvombo zvakamiswa.

Kutenda kune elastic zvinhu - zvitubu, zvitubu, torsion mabara, mabhegi emhepo - kutyaira mota kwakasiyana zvakanyanya nekutyaira ngoro. Kushandisa kwavo kunoita kuti unzwe wakasununguka kunyangwe uchityaira mumugwagwa usiri wemhando yepamusoro.

Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo elastic element inokonzera kuzununguka kwakasimba mune ese ari maviri akatwasuka uye akatwasuka ndege. Pasina kunyorovesa kunoshanda kwekudedera kwakadaro, kutyaira mota kazhinji hazvigoneke uye kunyange hazvina kuchengeteka. Telescopic shock absorbers inoshanda semanyoro. Mumazuva ekare, lever shock absorbers yaishandiswa zvakanyanya, asi ikozvino inogona kuwanikwa chete mu museum.

Nheyo yekushanda kwe telescopic hydraulic shock absorber inobva pakupikisa kwemvura (mafuta) kana ichimanikidzwa kuburikidza nemakomba ediki dhayamita. Dhizaini ye-two-tube shock absorber inosanganisira cylinder iri mukati me cylindrical body, piston ine tsvimbo, compression valve uye valve yekubhadhara. Kana iyo kumiswa ichifambiswa ichidzika pasi, piston inomanikidza mafuta kuburikidza nendiro ine maburi kubva kune imwe chubhu kuenda kune imwe. Iyo viscosity yemafuta inosarudza inertia yekuyerera, mune mamwe mazwi, kudzvinyirira kuchave kunonoka. Fluid kubva mugomba pazasi pepiston inoyerera ichipinda mugomba riri pamusoro payo. Apo piston inodzoka kumusoro, maitiro akafanana achaitika kune rimwe divi.

Kune zvakare ma-single-tube shock absorbers anoshandisa gasi rinopomba pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru. Iwe unogona kuverenga nezve maitiro ekuongorora hutano hwekuvhunduka.

Zvese zvinhu zvegiya rekumhanya zvinoshanda mune inoshungurudza modhi, kumiswa nguva nenguva kunoitika kunyanya mitoro inorema. Nokudaro, zvinoitika kuti kunyange zvikamu zvakavimbika zvikuru zvinogona kukundikana. Pamusoro pezviratidzo zvipi zvinoratidza matambudziko anogona kuitika nechasisi, verenga izvi.

Kana pane kudiwa kwekutenga ma spare parts, izvi zvinogona kuitwa muchitoro chendaneti. Pane kusarudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwevagadziri vakasiyana, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvekumisa. Iwe unogona zvakare kusarudza zvigadziriso zvezvimwe zvikamu uye masisitimu emota yako.