Maitiro ekuyera injini kumanikidza

Iyo yekumanikidza chiratidzo cheiyo humburumbira-pisitoni boka rinokutendera kuti uone mamiriro acho injini yemukati yekupisa kana zvinhu zvaro zvakasiyana. Kazhinji kazhinji, iyi paramende inotsiviwa kana simba reyuniti yemagetsi radzikira zvakanyanya kana kana paine matambudziko nekutangisa injini.

Ngatitarisei kuti ndezvipi zvikonzero kudzvinyirira mumakomba kunogona kudonha kana kutonyangarika, maitiro ekutarisa paramende iyi, ndechipi chishandiso chinodikanwa cheizvi, pamwe nehumwe hunyengeri hweiyi nzira.

Chii chinoratidzira kuyerwa kwekumanikidza: iko kusakosha kukuru

Usati watarisa maitiro ekuyera kumanikidza, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa dudziro yacho pachayo. Inowanzo kanganiswa ne compression ratio. Chaizvoizvo, iyo compression ratio ndiyo reshiyo yehoriyamu yeiyo yakazara humburumbira kusvika kuhuwandu hwekamuri yekumanikidza (iyo nzvimbo pamusoro pepistoni kana iri pamusoro pevakafa pakati).

Uku ndiko kuramba kuchikosha, uye kunochinja kana ma parameter esirinda kana pisitoni achichinja (semuenzaniso, kana uchitsiva pisitoni kubva kune convex kuenda kune imwe, chiyero chekumanikidza chinodzikira, sezvo vhoriyamu yekamuri yekumanikidza ichiwedzera). Iyo inogara ichidomwa nechidimbu, semuenzaniso 1:12.

Kudzvinyirira (zvakanyatsotsanangurwa sekuguma-kwekurohwa-kumanikidza) ndiko kumanikidza kwakanyanya kunogadzirwa nepiston painosvika kumusoro kwepakati pekufa pakupera kwekumanikidza kwekurohwa (ese mairi ekudyira uye ekupedza mavharuvhu akavharwa).

Kumanikidza kunoenderana necompression ratio, asi yechipiri paramende haibve pane yekutanga. Kuwanda kwekumanikidza pakupera kwekumanikidza sitiroko kunoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kunge zviripo panguva yezviyero:

• kumanikidzwa pakutanga kwekumanikidza sitiroko;
• sei iyo vharuvhu nguva inochinjika;
• tembiricha panguva yezviyero;
• idonha musilinda;
• crankshaft kutanga kumhanya;
• akafa bhatiri;
• akawandisa huwandu hwemafuta muiri humbwa (ine rakasakara-humburumbira-pisitoni boka);
• kuramba mupombi yekudyiwa yakawanda;
• injini yemafuta viscosity.

Mamwe makanika anoedza kuwedzera simba reinjini nekuwedzera huwandu hwekumanikidza. Muchokwadi, maitiro aya anongochinja zvishoma paramende iyi. Unogona kuverenga nezve dzimwe nzira dzekuwedzera "mabhiza" kuinjini. mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa.

Yakachinja compression ratio

Chii chinomanikidza kumagumo ekumanikidza sitiroko? Heano mashoma ezvikonzero.

1. Kutanga kutonhora kweinjini. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune injini dzedhiziri. Mavari, iwo musanganiswa wemweya-mafuta unopiswa nekuda kwetembiricha yemhepo yakamanikidzwa kwazvo. Kune mayuniti epeturu, iyi paramende yakakosha zvakaenzana.
2. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuderera kwekumanikidza kunokonzera kuwedzera kwekumanikidza kwemakesi emagetsi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huwandu hukuru hwemafuta emafuta anodzokera muinjini, izvo zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwekubuda kwemweya, pamwe nekusvibisa kamuri remoto.
3. Simba remotokari. Nekuderera kwekumanikidza, injini yekumota mhinduro inodonha, mafuta anowedzera, iwo mafuta mu crankcase anodonha nekukurumidza (kana girobhu ichidonha nemhete yemafuta, mafuta anotsva, ayo anoperekedzwa neutsi hwebhuruu kubva pombi yekuzadza).

Iko hakuna kukosha kwepasirese kwekumanikidza kumagumo ekumanikidza sitiroko, nekuti zvinoenderana nematanho eiyo yega simba unit. Mukuona kweizvi, hazvigoneke kutumidza kukosha kwepasirese kwese masimba emagetsi. Iyi paramende inogona kuwanikwa kubva kumotokari yavo zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi.

Kana shanduko yekumanikidza ikaonekwa panguva yezviyero, izvi zvinogona kuratidza zvinotevera malfunctions:

• Worn mapistoni. Sezvo zvikamu izvi zvakagadzirwa nealuminium, zvichazopera nekufamba kwenguva. Kana gomba rikaumbika mupiston (rikatsva), kumanikidza irimo musilinda kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya kana kutsakatika (zvichienderana nesaizi yegomba).
• Kupisa mavharuvhu. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana iko kuvesa kukamisirwa zvisizvo. Muchiitiko ichi, kupisa kwemhepo-musanganiswa wemafuta kunoitika kana vharuvhu yakavhurika, iyo inotungamira pakupisa kwemipendero yayo. Chimwe chikonzero chechigaro chevhavhavha kana yekutsvaira poppet mweya wakaonda / musanganiswa wemafuta. Kurasikirwa kwekumanikidza kunogona kuve kwakakonzerwa nemavharuvhu asingagare akasimba (akaremara). Kugadziriswa pakati pevhavha nechigaro chayo kunokonzeresa kubuda kwegesi nguva isati yakwana, zvichikonzera kuti pisitoni isundidzirwe kunze nesimba risingakwani.
• Kukuvadza kune humburumbira musoro gasket. Kana paine chikonzero chero chipi zvacho chakaputika, magasi achapunyuka muchikamu chinoguma (kumanikidza kuri musilinda kwakakwira, uye zvirokwazvo vanowana "poindi isina kusimba").
• Yakapfeka piston mhete. Kana iyo mhete iri mune yakanaka mamiriro, ivo vanogadzirisa oiri kuyerera uye voisa mamira ekutsvedza episton. Rimwe basa ravo kutamisa kupisa kubva pisitoni kuenda kumasirinda madziro. Kana kuomarara kweye compression pistoni kukatyoka, mweya wekudzimisa unopinda mukati me crankcase kusvika padanho rakakura, pane kuti ubviswe muhurongwa hwekubvisa. Kana iwo mafuta anokwenenzvera mhete apfekwa, mafuta akawanda anopinda mukamuri yemoto, izvo zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwemafuta kushandiswa.

Zvakare, panguva yezviyero, unofanirwa kucherechedza kusvika padanho pakachinja kumanikidza mumasilinda. Kana iyo nzira ikaratidza yunifomu kuderera kwechiratidzo mune ese masilinda, zvino izvi zvinoratidza zvakasikwa kupfeka kwesirinda-pisitoni boka (kana zvimwe zvikamu zvaro, semuenzaniso, mhete).

Kana kumanikidza kumagumo kwekumanikidza kwekurohwa kweimwe humburumbira (kana akati wandei) kwakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva pakudzvinyirira mune vamwe, zvino izvi zvinoratidza kusashanda zvakanaka muchikamu ichi. Pakati pezvikonzero pane zvinotevera:

• Vharuvhu yakatsva;
• Kugunzva mhete dzepiston (makanika anoidaidza kuti "zvindori zvakanamirwa");
• Kupisa kwesilinda musoro gasket.

Yega-yekuyera michina: compressometer uye AGC

Injini yekumanikidza kuyerwa kunoitwa kuti ione zvisina kunangana injini malfunctions. Zvishandiso zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa pakuongorora kwazviri:

• Compressometer;
• Compressor;
• Cylinder tightness analyzer.

Compressometer

Iyo inobvumira bhajeti cheki yemamiriro eCPG. Iyo yakachipa modhi inodhura madhora gumi nerimwe. Ichave yakaringana nezviyero zvakati wandei. Iyo inodhura vhezheni inodhura inosvika madhora makumi maviri nemashanu. Iyo kit yayo inowanzo sanganisira akati wandei maadapter ane hoses ehurefu hwakasiyana

Zvakakosha kuterera kune chokwadi chekuti chishandiso chinogona kunge chine tambo yakakoshwa, kana inogona kuve yekunamatira. Muchiitiko chekutanga, inokwenenzverwa muburi repulagi, izvo zvinoita kuti maitiro acho ave nyore uye akajeka (kudonha kudiki kunosarudzwa). Irabha bushing yerudzi rwechipiri rwezvigadzirwa rinofanirwa kuve rakatsikirirwa rakanangana negomba rekenduru zvakanaka.

Ichi chishandiso chinowanzoitika kumanikidza geji ine cheki vharuvhu, iyo inobvumidza iwe kwete chete kuti uone iyo chiratidzo, asiwo kuigadzirisa kwechinguva. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vharuvhu yekutarisa ive yakaparadzana, uye isagutsikane neiyo geji yekumanikidza. Mune ino kesi, iyo chaiyo yekuyera ichave iri pamusoro.

Iko kune zvakare zvemagetsi compressometers. Iyi mota tester iyo inobvumidza iwe kuyera kwete chete kumanikidza kuri humburumbira, asi zvakare shanduko mune yazvino patangi panguva yekuita zvisina basa kwemotokari. Midziyo yakadaro inoshandiswa pazviteshi zvebasa zvehunyanzvi zvekuongorora kwakadzika mota.

Compressograph

Iyi inguva inodhura kwazvo yeiyo yekumanikidza gauge, iyo isingangoyere kumanikidza mune imwe humburumbira, asi zvakare inogadzira grafiki mushumo weimwe node. Ichi chishandiso chinoiswa semidziyo yehunyanzvi. Mutengo waro unenge madhora mazana matatu.

Cylinder Leakage Analyzer

Ichi chishandiso hachiyeri compression pachayo, asi vhara mu cylinder. Iyo inokutendera iwe kuongorora mamiriro acho:

• sepombi;
• pisitoni;
• piston mhete;
• kudya uye pedza mavharuvhu;
• vharuvhu dzedziviriro (kana vheji vharafu)
• liners (kusakara);
• pisitoni mhete (coking);
• mavharuvhu eiyo nzira yekuparadzira gasi.

Chishandiso chinokutendera kuyera zviratidzi pasina kubvarura injini.

Zvekuzviongorora pamba, bhajeti compressor yakakwana. Kana ikaratidza yakaderera mhedzisiro, saka zvakakodzera kubata chiteshi kuitira kuti nyanzvi vazive dambudziko uye vaite zvinodiwa kugadzirisa.

Kuyerwa kwekumanikidza kwepeturu nedhiziri injini

Kumanikidza kuyerwa pane peturu nedhiziri injini zvakasiyana. Muchiitiko chekutanga, maitiro acho ari nyore kupfuura echipiri. Musiyano uyu unotevera.

Injini yepeturu

Iko kumanikidza mune ino kesi kunozoyerwa kuburikidza nemakungwa eparaki maburi. Kudzvinyirira kuri nyore kuyera wega kana paine mukana wakanaka wekuwana makenduru. Nezve maitiro, yakajairwa compressometer yakakwana.

Injini yedhiziri

Iyo yemafuta-yemhepo musanganiswa muchikamu ichi inobatidza zvinoenderana neyakasiyana musimboti: kwete kubva kumoto wakagadzirwa nekenduru, asi kubva kune tembiricha yemhepo yakadzvanywa musirinda. Kana kumanikidza muinjini yakadai kuri kushoma, injini inogona kusatanga nekuti mweya hauna kumanikidzwa nekupiswa zvekuti mafuta anopfuta.

Kuyerwa kunoitwa nekutanga kubvarura majekiseni emafuta kana maplagi anopenya (zvinoenderana nekuti panosvika kupi uye pane zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri weimwe mota). Maitiro aya anoda humwe hunyanzvi, saka muridzi wemota ine injini yedhiziri zviri nani kubata sevhisi.

Paunenge uchitenga compressor yemota yakadai, unofanirwa kuona pamberi pekuti kuyerwa kuchaitwa sei - kuburikidza neburi repombi kana kupenya plug. Iko kune akasiyana maadapter kune yega yega.

Kuomesa zviyero mumainjini edhiziri hazvidi kumanikidza gasi rinokambaira, nekuti kuwanda kwekushandura hakuna vharuvhu inopinza. Kunze kwekunze injini yekutsva yemukati, mune yakawanda yekudyara iyo yakaiswa vharuvhu yakakosha.

Mitemo inokosha

Usati watora zviyero, iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka iyo yekutanga mirairo:

• Injini inodziyirwa kusvika tembiricha yemakumi matanhatu-60 madhigirii (mota inomhanya kusvika feni yatendeuka). Kuti uongorore matambudziko panguva yekutanga "kutonhora", tanga wayera kumanikidza muinjini inotonhora (ndokuti, tembiricha yemukati yekupisa injini yakafanana netembiricha yemhepo), zvobva zvadziyirwa. Kana mhete dzacho "dzakanamira" kana zvikamu zve cylinder-piston boka zvasakara zvakanyanya, ipapo chiratidzo pakutanga "pachando" chichava chakaderera, uye kana injini ichidziya, kumanikidza kunokwira nezvikamu zvakawanda.
• Iyo mafuta system yakabviswa. Pane injini yakabikwa, unogona kubvisa pombi yemafuta kubva pane inlet inokodzera uye woidzikisa mumudziyo usina chinhu. Kana injini yemoto yemukati iri injector, saka unogona kudzima magetsi kupombi yemafuta. Mafuta haafanire kupinda musirinda kuitira kuti isatsvaira wedji yemafuta. Kuti uvhare mafuta kuinjini yedhiziri, unogona kudzora-vhara iyo solenoid vharafu pamutsetse wemafuta kana kufambisa yakakwira yekumanikidza pombi kuvhara-lever pasi.
• Kusunungura makenduru ese. Kusiya zvese plugs (kunze kwesilinda iri pasi pekuyedzwa) kunogadzira kumwe kukwikwidza kwekumanikidza. crankshaft... Nekuda kweizvi, iyo yekumanikidza kuyerwa ichaitwa panguva dzakasiyana kumhanya kwekutenderera kweye crankshaft.
• Bhatiri yakazara yakazara. Kana ikaburitswa, ipapo yega yega inotevera kutenderera kweye crankshaft kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekuda kweizvi, yekupedzisira kumanikidza kwega kwega silinda ichave yakasiyana
• Kuti crankha crankshaft irambe ichimhanya pamusangano, kutanga zvishandiso kunogona kushandiswa.
• Sefa yemhepo inofanira kunge yakachena.
• Muinjini yepeturu, iyo yekutsvaira system inodzimwa kuitira kuti bhatiri risapedze simba rakawandisa.
• Iko kufambisa kunofanirwa kunge kuri kwazvakarerekera. Kana mota iine otomatiki kutapurirana, ipapo uyo anosarudza anofanirwa kuendeswa kunzvimbo P (kupaka).

Sezvo kumanikidza kwakanyanya musilinda yeinjini yedhiziri kunodarika makumi maviri emuchadenga (kazhinji inosvika makumi mana emakumi mana).

Pamafuta epeturu nedhiziri, kumanikidza kunoyerwa nekukorobha crankshaft kwemasekonzi akati wandei Masekonzi maviri ekutanga museve uri mugeji unosimuka, wobva wamira. Uku ndiko kuchave kumanikidza kwakanyanya pakupera kwekumanikidza sitiroko. Usati watanga kuyera inotevera silinda, iyo yekumanikidza geji inofanira kugadziriswazve.

Pasina compressometer

Kana iyo tyaira yemudhudhudhu isati yave neyako yekumanikidza mita, saka unogona kutarisa kumanikidzwa pasina iyo. Ehezve, iyi nzira haina kururama uye haigone kuvimbwa nayo kuti uone mamiriro enjini. Asi, iyi inzira yekubatsira kuona kuti kurasikirwa kwesimba kwaikonzerwa nekutadza kushanda kwemotokari here kana kuti kwete.

Kuti uone kana kumanikidza kwakakwana kwakagadzirwa musilinda, plug imwe haina kubviswa, uye wad kubva mupepanhau rakaoma inoiswa munzvimbo yayo (rag gag haishande). Neyakajairika compression, kana crankshaft cranks, iyo yakanyanya kumanikidza gag inofanirwa kupfura kunze kweye spark plug gomba. Kuombera kwakasimba kucharira.

Kana paine matambudziko ekumanikidza, iyo wad icharamba ichisvetuka ichibuda mutsime, asi hapazove nekotoni. Maitiro aya anofanirwa kudzokororwa nesilinda yega yega. Kana mune imwe yeiyo gag yakabuda kwete kudaro "zvinobudirira", ipapo mota inoda kuendeswa kune imwe minder.

Uchishandisa compressometer

Mune yakasarudzika vhezheni, zviyero zvekumanikidza pamba zvinoitwa uchishandisa compressometer. Kune izvi, mota inodziyirwa. Ipapo makenduru ese akasunungurwa, uye pachinzvimbo chavo, vachishandisa adapta, hosipaipi yakabatana negeji yekumanikidza inokwenenzverwa mukenduru zvakanaka (kana fananidzo yekumanikidza yashandiswa, saka inofanirwa kuiswa zvine mutsindo mugomba uye kubatwa zvakanyanya kuitira kuti mweya usabude kubva musilinda).

Mubatsiri anofanirwa kuora moyo wekubatira (kuita kuti zvive nyore kune anotangisa kutenderedza flywheel) uye kubvongodza (kuvhura iko kuzere). Usati wayera kumanikidza, mubatsiri anoedza kutanga injini kubvisa sosi uye kuisa kubva musilinda.

Iyo Starter yakamonyaniswa kwemaminitsi mashanu. Kazhinji nguva ino inokwana kuti iyo gauge tsono inomuka uye igadzikane.

Kumanikidza uye kurira

Chinzvimbo chevharuvhu yekuvharira inoshandura kuomesa chiyero, nekudaro, kunyatso kuongororwa kwekutadza kushanda, chiyero chinotanga kutorwa nechikosoro chakazaruka zvizere, uyezve neicho chakavharwa.

Yakavharwa damper

Panyaya iyi, shoma mhepo achapinda humburumbira. Kumanikidza kwekupedzisira kuchave kwakaderera. Bvunzo iyi inokutendera kuti uite zvakanaka kuongororwa kwezvikanganiso. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kudzvanywa kwakadzika neyakavharwa throttle inogona kuratidza:

• Valve yakanamatira;
• Worn kunze cam camshaft;
• Kwete kusimba zvakakwana kwevhavha kusvika pachigaro;
• Kutsemuka mumadziro esirinda;
• Kumhanyisa kwesilinda musoro gasket.

Matambudziko akadaro anogona kusimuka semhedzisiro yekuzvarwa kusakara uye kubvaruka kwezvimwe zvikamu. Dzimwe nguva malfunctions akadaro mhedzisiro yehurema-hwemhando yepamusoro injini yekumesa injini.

Vhura damper

Muchiitiko ichi, mweya wakawanda unopinda musilinda, saka kumanikidza kumagumo kwekumanikidza kwekurohwa kunenge kwakakwirira kupfuura pakuyera nedamper yakavharwa. Nekudonha kudiki, iyo chiratidzo haizosiyana zvakanyanya. Mukuona kweizvi, kuongororwa kwakadai kunotendera munhu kuti aone zvikanganiso zvakakura muCPG. Zvinogona kuitika malfunctions zvinosanganisira:

• Piston yakatsva;
• Mhete dzinogadzirwa;
• Vharuvhu yakatsva kana dzinde rayo rakaremara;
• Mhete yakaputika kana kuremara;
• Kufenda kwakagadzirwa pane humburumbira rusvingo girazi.

Simba rekuwedzera kwekumanikidza rakakoshawo. Kana iri diki pakudzvanyirira kwekutanga, uye ichisvetuka zvine mutsindo pane inotevera, izvi zvinogona kuratidza kupfeka kwemhete dzepiston.

Kune rimwe divi, kuumbwa kwakasimba kwekumanikidza panguva yekumanikidza kwekutanga, uye panguva yekumanikidza kunotevera, hakushanduke, kunogona kuratidza kutyorwa kwekusimba kwesilinda musoro gasket kana vharafu. Izvo zvinongogoneka kunongedza kusashanda uchishandisa mamwe ma diagnostics.

Kana muridzi wemota akasarudza kushandisa nzira dzese dzekuyera kumanikidza, maitiro acho anofanira kutanga aitwa aine vharuvhu yekuvhurika. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kumonera mumakenduru uye rega mota imhanye. Ipapo kumanikidzwa kunoyerwa nedamper yakavharwa.

Kumanikidza kuyerwa pamwe nekuwedzera mafuta kune humburumbira

Kana kumanikidzwa kweimwe yemakirinda kuchidonha, nzira inotevera inogona kushandiswa, izvo zvinobatsira kunyatso kuona kuti kusashanda kupi kwakaitika. Mushure mekunge humbowo hwe "dambudziko" hwazivikanwa, mamirilita 5-10 emafuta akachena anodururwa nesirinji. Iwe unofanirwa kuyedza kuigovera pamwe chete nemadziro esirinda, uye kwete kuidira pamusoro pekorona yepiston.

Kuwedzera lubrication kunosimbisa mafuta wedge. Kana chiyero chechipiri chikaratidza kuwedzera kwakanyanya mukudzvinyirira (pamwe kutokwira kupfuura kumanikidza mune mamwe ma cylinders), zvino izvi zvinoratidza dambudziko nemakete - akasungwa, akatyoka kana kukochekerwa.

Kana iyo compression indekisi isina kuchinja mushure mekuwedzera mafuta, asi ikaramba yakaderera, saka izvi zvinoratidza matambudziko nekutyorwa kweiyo vharuvhu kuomarara (yakapiswa, zvisizvo zvisina kugadziriswa). Mhedzisiro yakafanana inokonzerwa nekukuvara kune humburumbira musoro gasket, kutsemuka kwepiston kana kupisa kwayo. Chero zvazvingaitika, kana paine mutsauko pakati pekuverengwa kwemamita nedhata mune yehunyanzvi zvinyorwa zvemota, iwe unofanirwa kutaura kune nyanzvi.

Isu tinoongorora mhedzisiro yakawanikwa

Kana chiratidzo chekumanikidza mumasirinda chakasiyana zvishoma (kupararira kwezviratidzo mukati memhepo imwechete), saka izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuti humburumbira-pisitoni boka riri mumamiriro akanaka.

Dzimwe nguva mune yakasarudzika humburumbira iyo compressor inoratidza kumanikidza kupfuura kune mamwe. Izvi zvinoratidza kusashanda zvakanaka mune ino node. Semuenzaniso, mhete yemafuta inokwenenzvera irikudonhedza mamwe mafuta, ayo "anovhara" dambudziko. Mune ino kesi, oiri yemafuta inozoonekwa pane iyo electrode yekenduru (unogona kuverenga nezve mamwe marudzi etsvina pamakenduru pano).

Vamwe vatyairi vanotora zviyero zvekumanikidza painjini yemota, mudhudhudhu kana kufamba-kumashure kwetarakita kuitira kuti vaone nguva yasara pamberi pekugadziriswa kwesimba remagetsi. Muchokwadi, maitiro aya haasi iwo anodzidzisa.

Iko kukanganisa kwakaringana kwekutsvaga kwakadai kwakanyanya kwazvo kuti iyo compression ratio ive huru paramende iyo inokutendera iwe kuti umise iyo chaiyo mamiriro eCPG. Kumanikidza kunokonzerwa nezvakawanda zvinowedzerwa zvinhu, yakaratidzwa pakutanga kwenyaya yacho... Kujairika kweropa hakuwanzo kuratidza kuti CPH yakajairika.

Mvura mumwe muenzaniso. Yakakwira mileage mota. Iyo mota yakavezwa, iko kumanikidza kuri mairi ndeye 1.2 MPa. Izvi ndizvo zvakajairwa mota nyowani. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kwemafuta kunosvika marita maviri pamakiromita chiuru. Uyu muenzaniso unoratidza kuti kumanikidza kuyerwa hakusi "panacea" yekugadzirisa matambudziko ese nemota. Asi, iyo ndiyo imwe yemaitiro ayo anosanganisirwa mune yakazara injini kuongororwa.

Sezvauri kuona, iwe unogona kutarisa kumanikidza mumacuri iwe pachako. Nekudaro, izvi zvichabatsira kuona kana mota ichinyatsoda kuendeswa kune imwe minder. Nyanzvi chete ndidzo dzinogona kuita inoongorora injini, uye kuona kuti chikamu chinoda kuchinjwa.

Kuyera kwekumanikidza kwekutonhora kana kupisa

Kuyera kwekumanikidza kweinjini yedhiziri kunoitwa nenzira yakati siyanei, sezvo simba iri rinoshanda zvinoenderana neimwe musimboti (mweya nemafuta zvakasanganiswa zvakananga panguva yedhiziri jekiseni remafuta mukamuri, uye nekuda kwekumanikidza kwakasimba kwemhepo. , uyu musanganiswa unopfuta pakarepo). Nenzira, sezvo mweya uri mumakomba einjini yedhiziri unofanirwa kupisa kubva mukumanikidza, saka kumanikidza mune injini yakadai kunenge kwakakwirira kupfuura iyo peturu analogue.

Kutanga, vharuvhu inovhura mafuta inodzimwa muinjini yedhiziri. Mafuta acho anogona zvakare kuvharwa nekusvina iyo cutoff lever yakaiswa papombi yejekiseni. Kuti uone kumanikidza muinjini yakadai, imwe mita yekumanikidza inoshandiswa. Mhando dzakawanda dzedhiziri hadzina vharuvhu yekumusoro, saka hapana chikonzero chekutsikirira chinowedzera chitima uchitora zviyero. Kana damper ichiri kuiswa mumota, saka inofanira kucheneswa usati watora zviyero.

Kubva pamhedzisiro, mamiriro eiyo humburumbira-pisitoni boka reyuniti rakatemwa. Zvakare, zvakakosha kubhadhara zvakanyanya musiyano uripo pakati pezviratidzo zveimwe masirinda pane avhareji yekumanikidza kukosha mune injini yese. Dhigirii reCPG kupfeka rakatemwa zvakare tichifunga nezve tembiricha yemafuta mune yemukati injini yemagetsi, mweya unouya, kumhanya kwekutenderera kwe crankshaft uye mamwe ma parameter.

Mamiriro akakosha anofanirwa kutariswa pakuyera kumanikidza, zvisinei nerudzi rwemagetsi, ndiko kupisa kweinjini. Usati wabatanidza iyo compressor kuma cylinders, zvinodikanwa kuti uunze injini yemukati yemoto kune tembiricha yekushanda. Izvi zvichaita kuti mafuta akakodzera adzoke kumusoro, senge kana mota ichifamba. Chaizvoizvo, iyo tembiricha inodiwa inosvika panguva iyo iyo inotonhora system fan inotendeuka (kana injini injini thermometer chikero chisina nhamba, asi chete zvikamu).

Pane injini yepeturu, senge inyaya yeinjini yedhiziri, zvakakosha kuvhara mafuta. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekusimbisa simba-pombi yemafuta (izvi zvinoshanda kune majekiseni). Kana mota ikaiswa carbure, saka iyo hosipaipi yemafuta yakabviswa kubva kune carburetor, iyo yemahara pamucheto inoderedzwa mumudziyo usina chinhu. Chikonzero cheiyi nzira ndechekuti iyo pombi yemafuta mumotokari yakadaro ine mechina dhiraivha uye ichapomba peturu. Usati wabatanidza iyo compressor, zvakafanira kupisa mafuta ese kubva ku carburetor (rega muchina umhanye kusvikira injini dzidonhedze).

Tevere, Ose maIni emota haasununguke (kana muchina ukashandisa wega SZ pasirinda yega yega). Kana izvi zvikasaitwa, saka mukuita maitiro, ivo vanongopisa. Zvakare, ZVESE mapulagi plugs akasunungurwa kubva kumasirinda. Iyo compressor inosunganidzwa kune yega yega humburumbira zvakare. Izvo zvinodikanwa kukwenya crankshaft kanoverengeka neyekutanga (kusvikira kumanikidza pachiyero kuchimira kuwedzera). Mhedzisiro yacho inofananidzwa neiyo kukosha kwefekitori (urwu ruzivo rwunoratidzwa mumirairo yemuchina).

Pane maonero maviri anopikisana pakati pevatyairi pamusoro pekuti ndeipi nguva yekuyedza kumanikidza: kutonhora kana kupisa. Panyaya iyi, chiratidzo chakanyatsonaka chichava chiyero chakatorwa mushure mekunge mota yafanotangirwa, nekuti hapana firimu yemafuta pakati pemhete nemadziro esirinda munzvimbo inotonhora. Sezvingatarisirwa, mune iyi kesi, kumanikidza kweinjini yekupisa yemukati kuchave kushoma pane mushure mekudziya. Kana iyi "drawback" ikabviswa, ipapo kana iyo unit ikapisa, semhedzisiro yekuwedzera kweringi, iyo humburumbira girazi rinokanganisika.

Asi kana injini isingatangi zvachose, saka zvakakodzera kutarisa kudzvinyirira kune inotonhorera kuti uone kana kubvisa matambudziko neboka re silinda-pisitoni. Mukuita kwekuita iyi nzira, inofanirwa kutorwa mupfungwa kuti zviyero zvinotorwa pane inotonhora, saka chiratidzo chakakodzera chinofanira kuve chakaderera pane icho chakatsanangurwa nemugadziri.

Chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezvacho, zvisinei nekuti kumanikidza kunoedzwa, imari yebhatiri. Starter inofanira kupa yemhando yepamusoro crankshaft kutenderera, iyo inogona kupa zvisirizvo mhedzisiro pabhatiri rakafa. Kana iyo bhatiri iri "kurarama kunze kwemazuva ayo ekupedzisira", saka mukuita kwekuyera kumanikidza, charger inogona kusunganidzwa kune magetsi sosi.

Zviratidzo zvekudzikira kudzvinyirira

Nekuda kwekudzikira kweiyo compression ratio, zvinotevera matambudziko nemota zvinogona kuitika:

• Iyo mota yarasikirwa ne traction. Gasi rekudzimisa uye musanganiswa unopisa zvishoma unopinda mujini crankcase. Nekuda kweizvi, iyo pisitoni inosundidzirwa kunzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa kwete nesimba rakadai;
• Oiri inoda kuchinjwa, kunyangwe kana mota isinga chengetedze iyo yakatarwa mileage (iyo girizi inova shoma mvura uye inosviba zvine mutsindo). Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti imwe nhanho yemusanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta inosvetukira mune yekukora system, uyezve mafuta anotsva nekukurumidza;
• Mafuta anoshandiswa awedzera zvakanyanya, asi mutyairi haana kuchinja maficha ekutyaira, uye mota haitakure mimwe mitoro.

Kana chimwe chezviratidzo zvakanyorwa chikaonekwa, hazvikurudzirwe kuti uenderere mberi nekushandisa mota kusvikira chikonzero chezviratidzo izvi chabviswa. Kutanga, haina hupfumi. Chechipiri, nekuda kwematambudziko amuka, nekukurumidza kana kumberi, kumwe kuparara kwakabatana kwechikwata kuchabuda munzira. Uye izvi zvinokanganisawo kukora kwechikwama chemutyairi.

Zvikonzero zvekuderera kwekumanikidza mumakomba

Iko kumanikidza mumotokari kunodzikira nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:

• Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzekabhoni muchikamu chemukati chemasirinda nemapiston, vanopisa (kupisa kupisa kwakanyanya), uye nekuda kweizvi, kupisa kwepiston kunogona kuitika kana kabhoni dhipoziti ichakwenya girazi remadziro re humburumbira;
• Nekuda kwekukanganisa kupisa kupisa, kutsemuka kunogona kuumbika pazvikamu zveiyo CPG (yakanyanyisa kupisa pasina kunyatsotevera kutonhora);
• Kupisa kwepiston;
• Iyo humburumbira musoro gasket yatsva;
• Mavharuvhu akaremara;
• Yakasviba mweya firita (iro rakakodzera vhoriyamu yemhepo nyowani haina kuyamwiwa muma cylinders, ndosaka mweya-mafuta musanganiswa usina kumanikidzwa kwazvo)

Izvo hazvigoneke kuona kuti nei kurasikirwa kwekumanikidza kwaitika, nemaziso pasina kubvarura mota. Nechikonzero ichi, kudonhedza kwakasimba muchiratidzo ichi chiratidzo chekuongorora pamwe nekugadzirisa kunotevera kwemotokari.

Pakupera kwekudzokorora, tinopa vhidhiyo ipfupi pamusoro pekuti kuyerwa kweinjini yemoto yemukati kuyerwa sei:

Hupenyu kurwadziwa kana kumanikidzwa kuri zero

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Maitiro ekuyera kumanikidza pane carburetor injini. Izvi zvinoda mubatsiri. Akagara mukamuri revapfuuri, anonyatsodzvinyirira iyo yekuwedzera yekumhanyisa uye cranks iyo inotangisa, sekunge kana uchitanga simba remagetsi. Kazhinji, maitiro aya anoda anosvika masekondi mashanu ekutanga kushanda. Museve wekumanikidza pane compressor unowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Iyo painongosvika pachinzvimbo chakakwirira, zviyero zvinoonekwa sekuzara. Maitiro aya anoitwa nemakenduru akatendeuka mukati kunze. Nhanho dzakafanana dzinodzokororwa pane imwe humburumbira.

Maitiro ekutarisa kumanikidza pane injinjini injini. Nheyo inokosha yekutarisa kudzvinyirira pane injector haina kusiyana kubva kune zvakafanana kushanda pamwe ne carburetor unit. Asi iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve mashoma nuances. Kutanga, zvakafanira kudzima iyo crankshaft sensor kuti irege kukuvadza kutonga kweECU. Chechipiri, zvakafanira kudzora pombi yemafuta kuitira kuti isapomba peturu zvisina basa.

Maitiro ekuyera kutonhora kana kupisa kupisa. Kumanikidza kuyerwa pane inotonhora uye inopisa injini haina kusiyana. Iko chete kukosha chaiko kunogona kuwanikwa chete pane inopisa moto yemukati injini injini. Mune ino kesi, panotove neiri mafirimu emafuta pamadziro esirinda, ayo anoona iyo yakanyanya kumanikidza mumasirinda. Pane inotonhorera magetsi unit, ichi chiratidzo chinofanira kugara chakadzikira pane chinongedzo chakatsanangurwa nemutengesi.