Yemukati yekupisa injini chishandiso

Injini yekupisa yemukati yakashandiswa mumidhudhudhu, mota nemarori kwezana ramakore. Kusvika parizvino, inoramba iri iyo yakanyanya mari mhando mota. Asi kune vazhinji, musimboti wekushanda uye chishandiso chemukati chemoto injini chinoramba chisina kujeka. Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa main intricacies uye zvakasarudzika zvemamiriro emota.

Tsananguro uye zvakajairika maficha

Chinhu chakakosha cheinjini yemoto yemukati kupisa kwemusanganiswa unotsva wakananga mukamuri yayo yekushanda, uye kwete mune vekunze vezvenhau. Panguva yekupisa kwemafuta, iyo yekupisa simba inogamuchirwa inokonzeresa mashandiro eanogadzira michina yeinjini.

Kuumba nhoroondo

Asati auya emota dzemukati dzemoto, mota dzinozvifambisa dzakashongedzerwa neinjini dzemoto dzekunze. Idzo dzakabatana dzakashanda kubva kumhepo yekumanikidza inogadzirwa nekupisa mvura mune yakaparadzana tangi.

Dhizaini yeinjini dzakadai dzaive dzakakura uye dzisingashande - pamusoro pehuremu hukuru hwekumisikidza, kukunda madaro marefu, kutakurwa kwaifanirwa kukwevera huni hwakanaka hwemafuta (marasha kana huni).

Nekuda kwekukanganisa uku, mainjiniya nevanogadzira vakaedza kugadzirisa mubvunzo unokosha: sei kusanganisa mafuta nemuviri weyuniti yemagetsi. Nokubvisa zvinhu zvakaita sekubhaira, tangi remvura, condenser, evaporator, pombi, nezvimwe kubva muchirongwa. zvaive zvichikwanisika kudzikisa zvakanyanya huremu hwemota.

Kugadzirwa kwemukati injini yemagetsi muchimiro chinozivikanwa kune wemazuva ano mutyairi kwakaitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Heano matanho akakosha akatungamira mukubuda kweinjini yemagetsi yemukati yemazuva ano:

• 1791 John Barber anovhura gasi turbine inoshanda nekudzora mafuta, marasha nehuni mumaterevhizheni. Iyo inokonzeresa gasi, pamwe chete nemhepo, yakaiswa mukati memoto wemukati necompressor. Iyo gasi rinopisa rakaumbwa pasi pekumanikidzwa rakapihwa kumhepo yekumanikidza uye ndokuitenderedza.
• 1794 Robert Street patent injini yemafuta.
• 1799. Philippe Le Bon semhedzisiro yeiyo pyrolysis yemafuta inogamuchira luminescent gasi. Muna 1801 anofunga kuishandisa sehuni yemafuta egasi.
• 1807 François Isaac de Rivaz - patent pa "kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoputika sechinhu chinopa simba muinjini." Pahwaro hwebudiriro, inogadzira "Vanozvifambisa vashandi"
• 1860 Etienne Lenoir akapayona zvigadzirwa zvekutanga nekugadzira mota inoshanda ine musanganiswa wemagetsi emagetsi nemhepo. Iyo michina yakaiswa mukufamba nechena kubva kune yekunze magetsi sosi. Iyo yekugadzira yakashandiswa pazvikepe, asi haina kuiswa pane dzinozvifambisa mota.
• 1861 Alphonse Bo De Rocha inoratidza kukosha kwekumanikidza peturu usati waibatidza, izvo zvakashanda kugadzira dzidziso yekushanda kweina-sitiroko yemukati injini yemagetsi (kudya, kumanikidza, kupisa pamwe nekuwedzera uye kuburitsa).
• 1877 Nikolaus Otto anogadzira yekutanga 12 hp ina-sitiroko yemukati kupisa injini.
• 1879 Karl Benz patents maviri-sitiroko mota.
• 1880s. Ogneslav Kostrovich, Wilhelm Maybach naGottlieb Daimler panguva imwe chete vari kugadzira carburetor kugadziridzwa kweinjini yemoto yemukati, ichivagadzirira kugadzirwa kwakawanda.

Pamusoro peinjini dzakapetwa peturu, iyo Trinkler mota yakaonekwa muna 1899. Ichi chigadzirwa ndechimwe mhando yeinjini yemukati yemoto (isiri-compressor yakakwira mafuta enjini), inoshanda pachisungo chekugadzirwa kwaRudolf Diesel. Kwemakore, zviyero zvemagetsi, zvese peturu nedhiziri, zvakagadziriswa, izvo zvakawedzera kushanda kwazvo.

YpType dzesimba remukati injini

Nemhando yemagadzirirwo uye zvakanangwa nekushanda kweinjini yemoto yemukati, zvinomisikidzwa zvinoenderana nenzira dzinoverengeka:

• Nemhando yemafuta anoshandiswa - dhiziri, peturu, gasi.
• Maererano nemutemo wekutonhora - mvura uye mweya.
• Zvichienderana nehurongwa hwesirinda - mu-mutsetse uye V-yakaumbwa.
• Sekureva kwenzira yekugadzirira yemusanganiswa wemafuta - carburetor, gasi uye jekiseni (misanganiswa inoumbwa muchikamu chekunze cheinjini yekutsva yemukati) uye dhiziri (mune yemukati chikamu).
• Zvinoenderana nemabatiro emoto musanganiswa - nekumanikidza kuvesa uye nekuzvidzora (kwakajairika yeyuniti yedhiziri).

Motors anosiyaniswa neakagadzirwa uye mashandiro ebasa:

• Pisitoni, umo kamuri yekushandira iri mumasirinda. Zvakakosha kufunga kuti injini dzemukati dzakadaro dzakakamurwa kuita dzinoverengeka subspecies:
  • carburetor (iyo carburetor iri basa rekugadzira musanganiswa unoshanda);
  • jekiseni (iyo musanganiswa inopihwa yakanangana nekudyiwa kwakawanda kuburikidza nemabhuru);
  • Diesel (kuvesa kwemusanganiswa kunoitika nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwekumanikidza mukati mekamuri).
  • Rotary-pisitoni, inoratidzirwa nekushandurwa kwesimba rinopisa kuita michini simba nekuda kwekutenderera kweiyo rotor pamwe neicho chimiro. Basa re rotor, iro kufamba kwaro kwakafanana ne8-ku muchimiro, rinotsiva zvachose mabasa episton, nguva uye crankshaft.
  • Gesi turbine, umo mota inotyairwa nemafuta ekupisa anowanikwa nekutenderera iyo rotor nemashizha akafanana nejasi. Iye anotyaira turbine shaft.

Iyo dzidziso, pakutanga kuona, inoita kunge yakajeka. Iye zvino ngatitarisei pazvinhu zvikuru zveiyo powertrain.

Device Ice mudziyo

Iyo dhizaini yemuviri inosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:

• humburumbira chinogumbura;
• crank mashandiro;
• mashandiro ekuparadzira gasi;
• masisitimu ekugovera uye kuvesa kwemusanganiswa unotsva uye kubviswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemoto (pedza magasi).

Kuti unzwisise nzvimbo yechinhu chimwe nechimwe, funga iyo dhizaini dhizaini dhizaini:

Nhamba 6 inoratidza panowanikwa humburumbira. Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveinjini yemukati yemoto. Mukati mechirinda mune pisitoni, yakasarudzwa nenhamba 7. Inosungirirwa kune tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye crankshaft (mumufananidzo, wakatarwa nenhamba 9 ne12, zvichiteerana). Kufambisa iyo pisitoni kumusoro uye pasi mukati meiyi humbiso inotsamwisa kuumbwa kwekutenderera mafambiro ecrankshaft. Panoperera murimi, pane flywheel inoratidzwa mumufananidzo pasi pechigumi. Izvo zvinodikanwa kutenderera yunifomu yeiyo shaft. Chikamu chepamusoro che humburumbira chakagadzirwa nemusoro wakakora, uyo une mavharuvhu emusanganiswa unotora uye gasi rinopera. Dzinoratidzwa pasi pechishanu.

Kuvhurwa kwemavharuvhu kunogoneka nekuda kwekamera camshaft, yakasarudzwa nhamba 14, kana kuti,, ayo ekutapurirana zvinhu (nhamba 15). Kutenderera kwekamshaft kunopiwa nemagetsi e crankshaft, anoratidzwa nenhamba 13. Apo piston inofamba zvakasununguka mu cylinder, inokwanisa kutora nzvimbo mbiri dzakanyanyisa.

Izvo zvakajairika mashandiro einjini yemukati yemoto inogona kungovimbiswa neunifomu kupihwa kwemusanganiswa wemafuta panguva yakakodzera. Kuti kuderedze mashandiro emota yekupisa kupisa uye kudzivirira kupfeka kusati kwasvika kwezvinhu zvekutyaira, ivo vanozorwa mafuta.

Icho chirevo cheinjini yemukati yemoto

Injini dzemazuva ano dzemoto dzinomhanya pamafuta anopiswa mukati memasilinda uye simba rinobva mairi. Musanganiswa wepeturu nemhepo zvinopihwa kuburikidza nevhavha yekudyiwa (muinjini dzakawanda pane maviri pairi humburumbira). Munzvimbo imwe chete, inotsva nekuda kwesaraki inoumba spark plug... Panguva yekuputika-mini, magasi ari mukamuri rinoshanda anowedzera, achigadzira kumanikidza. Inotyaira pisitoni yakasungirirwa kuKShM.

Injini dzedhiziri dzinoshanda pane imwecheteyo musimboti, nzira yekupisa chete ndiyo inotangwa neimwe nzira yakati siyanei. Pakutanga, mweya uri musilinda unomanikidzwa, izvo zvinoita kuti upise. Piston isati yasvika paTDC pane yekumanikidza sitiroko, iyo injekisheni inogumisa mafuta. Nekuda kwemhepo inopisa, mafuta anozvibatidza pachawo pasina cheki. Kupfuurirazve, maitiro acho akafanana neiyo peturu nadzurudzo yeinjini yemukati yemoto.

KShM inoshandura mafambiro ekudzosera eboka repiston kuita kutenderera crankshaft... Torque inoenda kune inobhururuka, wozoenda ku michina kana otomatiki gearbox uye pakupedzisira pamavhiri anotyaira.

Maitiro acho apo pisitoni inokwira kumusoro kana pasi inonzi sitiroko. Matanho ese kusvikira adzokororwa anonzi mhindo.

Kutenderera kumwe kunosanganisira kuita kwekukweva, kumanikidza, kuvesa pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwemweya wakagadzirwa, kuburitswa.

Iko kune mbiri shanduko dzemamota:

1. Mune maviri-sitiroko kutenderera, iyo crankshaft inoshanduka kamwe pamhepo, uye iyo pisitoni inodzika pasi nekukwira.
2. Mune mana-sitiroko kutenderera, crankshaft inozotendeuka kaviri pasiyiti, uye pisitoni ichaita mana akazara mafambiro - inoenda pasi, kusimuka, kudonha, kusimuka.

PrincipleKushanda musimboti weiri-sitiroko injini

Kana mutyairi atanga injini, iye anotanga kuisa furuwhe kufamba, crankshaft inotendeuka, iyo KShM inofambisa pisitoni. Kana yasvika BDC uye yatanga kukwira, imba yekushandira yatove izere nemusanganiswa unopisa.

Panzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa yepiston, inobatidza uye inoidzikisa pasi. Kuwedzera kufefetedza kunoitika - gasi rekudzimisa rakabviswa nechikamu chitsva chemusanganiswa unopisa unoshanda. Kuchenesa kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwemotokari. Imwe yekushandurwa inopa kuzadza iyo yepasi-pisitoni nzvimbo nemafuta-emhepo musanganiswa painokwira, uye kana pisitoni ichidzika, inosvinwa mukamuri yekushandira ye humburumbira, ichidzinga zvigadzirwa zvemoto.

Mukugadziriswa kwakadai kwemamota, hapana vharuvhu yenguva system. Iyo piston pachayo inovhura / inovhara iyo inopinda / yekubuda.

Mota dzakadai dzinoshandiswa mune yakaderera-simba tekinoroji, nekuti gasi kuchinjana mavari kunoitika nekuda kwekutsiva gasi rekuzadza nechinotevera chikamu chemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa. Sezvo musanganiswa unoshanda wakabviswa zvishoma pamwe nekuneta, uku kuchinjaniswa kunosiyaniswa nekuwedzera kwemafuta uye simba rakaderera zvichienzaniswa neane-sitiroko yakafanana.

Imwe yemabhenefiti einjini dzinopisa dzemukati ndedzekuti pane kukakavadzana kushoma padenderedzwa, asi panguva imwechete vanopisa zvakanyanya.

PrincipleKushanda musimboti weina-sitiroko injini

Mota zhinji nedzimwe mota dzakagadzirwa neina-sitiroko injini. Iyo gasi yekuparadzira michina inoshandiswa kupa musanganiswa unoshanda uye kubvisa gasi remweya. Inofambiswa kuburikidza neyekutyaira nguva yakabatana necrankshaft pulley nebhandi, cheni kana giya dhiraivha.

Kutenderera camshaft inosimudza / inoderedza iyo yekudyira / yekuzadza mavharuvhu ari pamusoro pechirinda. Izvi zvinogonesa kuvhura kunoenderana kwemavharuvhu anowirirana ekupa musanganiswa unotsva uye kubvisa gasi remweya.

Mune injini dzakadai, kutenderera kunoitika seinotevera (semuenzaniso, injini yepeturu):

1. Panguva iyo injini yatangwa, iyo Starter inoshandura iyo flywheel, iyo inotyaira iyo crankshaft. Ivhavha yekupinda inovhura. Iyo crank michina inoderedza iyo pisitoni, ichigadzira vhoriyamu musilinda. Iko kune kurova kwekurova kwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa.
2. Kufamba kubva pasi pakafa nzvimbo kumusoro, iyo pisitoni inomanikidza musanganiswa unopisa. Ichi ndicho chiyero chechipiri - kumanikidza.
3. Kana iyo pisitoni iri pamusoro pekufa pakati, iparaki inogadzira kavhunza kanobatidza musanganiswa. Nekuda kwekuputika, magasi anowedzera. Kunyanya kudzvinyirirwa mu humburumbira kunofambisa pisitoni pasi. Iyi ndiyo yechitatu kutenderera - kuvesa uye kuwedzera (kana kushanda sitiroko).
4. Iyo inotenderera crankshaft inofambisa iyo pisitoni kumusoro. Panguva ino, camshaft inovhura vharuvhu yekudzimisa iyo iyo iyo pisitoni inokwira inodzinga magasi ekudzimisa. Iyi ndiyo yechina bar - kuburitswa.

Maitiro Ekubatsira einjini yemukati yemoto

Hapana yemazuva ano injini yemoto inokwanisa kushanda yakazvimiririra. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mafuta anofanirwa kuunzwa kubva mutangi yegasi kuenda kuinjini, inofanirwa kuvesa panguva yakakodzera, uye kuitira kuti injini irege "kudzipwa" nemweya wekuzadza, iwo anofanira kubviswa nenguva.

Zvikamu zvinotenderera zvinoda kugara zvichizora. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwetembiricha inogadzirwa panguva yemoto, injini inofanira kutonhodzwa. Aya maitiro anoteedzana haana kupihwa nemota pachayo, saka injini yemoto yemukati inoshanda pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekubatsira.

GnIgnition maitiro

Iyi sisitimu yekubatsira yakagadzirirwa kukanganisa kwakakodzera musanganiswa unotsva panzvimbo yakakodzera pisitoni (TDC mune yekumanikidza sitiroko). Iyo inoshandiswa mu peturu emukati enjini dzinotsva uye ine zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Kunobva simba. Kana injini yazorora, basa iri rinoitwa nebhatiri (kutanga mota kana bhatiri rakafa, verenga mukati separated article). Mushure mekutanga injini, sosi yesimba iri jenareta.
• Magetsi kukiya. Chigadzirwa chinovhara dunhu remagetsi kuchisimbisa kubva kunesimba.
• Kuchengetedza mudziyo. Mazhinji peturu mota ane yekuwisira coil. Kune zvakare mamodheru ayo mune akati wandei zvinhu zvakadaro - imwe yega yega spark plug. Ivo vanoshandura yakaderera magetsi kubva kubhatiri kuenda kune yakakwira voltage inodiwa kuti igadzire yemhando yepamusoro spark.
• Distributor-kukanganisa kwemagetsi. Mumotokari dzekarburetor, uyu ndiye muparidzi, mune mamwe akawanda, maitiro aya anotongwa neECU. Midziyo iyi inogovera mafungire emagetsi kune akakwana maparaki.

Introduction hurongwa

Kugadzira kupisa kwechiitiko, musanganiswa wezvinhu zvitatu unodiwa: huni, okisijeni uye nemagetsi. Kana kubudiswa kwemagetsi kuchishandiswa - iro basa remoto, ipapo iyo yekudyira system inopa okisijeni kune injini kuitira kuti mafuta akwanise kubatidza.

Iyi sisitimu ine:

• Kudya kwemhepo - pombi yebazi inotora mweya wakachena. Maitiro ekubvuma anoenderana neshanduro yeinjini. Mune injini dzemuchadenga, mweya unoyamwa mukati nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwevharo rakagadzirwa musilinda. Mune turbocharged modhi, maitiro aya anowedzeredzwa nekutenderera kwemahara makuru, ayo anowedzera injini simba.
• Sefa yemhepo yakagadzirirwa kuchenesa kuyerera kubva muguruva uye zvidiki zvidiki.
• Iyo vharafu vharuvhu vharuvhu inogadzirisa huwandu hwemhepo inopinda mumota. Iyo inodzorwa chero nekutsikirira iyo yekuwedzera yekuwedzera kana nemagetsi echikamu chekutonga.
• Iyo yakawanda yekudyira ndiyo system yemapaipi akabatana kune imwe yakajairwa pombi. Mune jekiseni emota dzinotsva injini, vharuvhu yekumusoro inoiswa pamusoro uye injekita yemafuta pane imwe humburumbira. Mukugadzirisa carburetor, carburetor yakaiswa pane yakawanda yekudyira, umo mweya wakasanganiswa ne peturu.

Mukuwedzera kumhepo, mafuta anofanirwa kupihwa kumasirinda. Nechinangwa ichi, gadziriro yemafuta yakagadziriswa, inosanganisira:

• tangi remafuta;
• mutsetse wemafuta - mapombi uye mapaipi ayo peturu kana dhiziri mafuta anotama kubva mutangi kuenda kuinjini;
• carburetor kana injector (simbi masisitimu anopfapfaidza mafuta);
• pombi yemafutakupomba mafuta kubva mutangi kuenda kucarburetor kana chimwe chishandiso chekusanganisa mafuta nemhepo;
• firita yemafuta inonatsa peturu kana mafuta edhiziri kubva pamarara.

Nhasi kune zvakawanda zvinogadziridzwa zvemamota umo musanganiswa unoshanda unodyisirwa mumasilinda nenzira dzakasiyana. Pakati peaya masisitimu pane:

• jekiseni rimwechete (carburetor musimboti, chete nemuromo);
• yakakamurwa jekiseni (yakasarudzika kamwene yakaiswa kune yega yega humburumbira, iyo yemhepo-musanganiswa wemafuta inoumbwa mune yekudyira yakawanda nzira
• yakanangana jekiseni (iyo kamwene inofira musanganiswa unoshanda wakananga musilinda);
• yakasanganiswa jekiseni (inosanganisa musimboti weiyo yakananga uye yakaparadzirwa jekiseni)

UbLubrication system

Nzvimbo dzese dzesimbi dzezvikamu zvesimbi dzinofanirwa kuvezwa kugadzirwa kuti utonhore uye kuderedza kusakara. Kugovera ichi chengetedzo, mota ine yakagadzirirwa girisi. Iyo zvakare inodzivirira simbi zvikamu kubva kune oxidation uye inobvisa kabhoni deposits. Iyo lubrication system ine:

• sump - dhamu rine mafuta enjini;
• pombi yemafuta inogadzira kumanikidza, nekuda kwekuti mafuta anopiwa kune ese matunhu emota;
• firita yemafuta inobata chero zvidimbu zvinokonzerwa nekushanda kwemota;
• dzimwe mota dzakashongedzwa nechinotonhora chemafuta kuitira kumwe kutonhodza kweinogadzira injini.

Kubvisa system

Iyo yepamusoro-mhando yekudzima sisitimu inovimbisa kubviswa kwemweya wekudzimisa kubva kumakamuri anoshanda ema cylinders. Mota dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzwa neiyo chiutsi system, inosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:

• kuwanda kwekuwandisa kunodzikamisa kudengenyeka kwemweya unopisa wekuzadza;
• pombi inogamuchira, mairi magesi ekudzimisa anouya achibva mukuwanda (sekuwandisa kwakasiyana, inoitwa nesimbi isingadziye);
• chinogadzirisa chinochenesa gasi rekubvisa kubva kuzvinhu zvinokuvadza, izvo zvinobvumidza mota kutevedzera zviyero zvemamiriro ekunze;
• resonator - chinzvimbo chidiki padiki pane chakanyanya kugaya, chakagadzirirwa kudzora kumhanya kwekukurumidza;
• iyo huru isina kugadzikana, mukati mayo mune zvikamu izvo zvinoshandura kunongedzera kweanopedza gasi kuti aderedze kumhanya uye ruzha.

OlKutonhora sisitimu

Iyi yekuwedzera system inobvumidza mota kumhanya isina kupisa zvakanyanya. Iye anotsigira injini inoshanda tembirichaapo rakasungwa. Saka kuti chiratidzo ichi chisapfuure iyo yakaoma miganho kunyangwe kana mota yakamira, sisitimu yacho ine zvikamu zvinotevera:

• kutonhora redhiyetaInosanganisira machubhu uye mahwendefa akagadzirirwa kukurumidza kupisa kupisa pakati peanotonhora uye ambient mweya;
• feni iyo inopa kuyerera kwakakwirira kwemhepo, semuenzaniso, kana mota iri mune jam traffic uye radiator isina kufurwa zvakakwana;
• pombi yemvura, nekuda kwekuti iko kutenderera kweiyo inotonhorera kunosimbiswa, iyo inobvisa kupisa kubva pamadziro anopisa eiyo cylinder block;
• thermostat - vharuvhu inovhura mushure mekunge injini yadziya kusvika pakuita tembiricha (isati yakonzerwa, iyo inotonhorera inotenderera mudenderedzwa diki, uye painovhura, mvura inofamba ichipfuura nerediyeta).

Synchronous mashandiro ehurongwa hwega hwega hunovimbisa kushanda kwakanaka kweinjini yemukati yemoto.

📌 Injini Zvikamu

Kutenderera zvinoreva zviito zvinodzokororwa musilinda imwe chete. Iyo ina-sitiroko mota yakagadzirirwa michina inokonzeresa yega yeaya macircule.

Injini yemukati yemoto, iyo pisitoni inoita kudzokedzana mafambiro (kumusoro / pasi) padhuze nesirinda. Iyo yekubatanidza tsvimbo uye crank yakasungirirwa pairi inoshandura iri simba kuita kutenderera. Panguva imwechete yekuita - kana pisitoni ichisvika kubva pakadzika kusvika kumusoro uye kumashure - crankshaft inoita shanduko imwe yakatenderedza axis yayo.

Kuti izvi zviitike nguva dzose, musanganiswa wemweya-peturu unofanirwa kupinda musilinda, unofanirwa kumanikidzwa uye kubatidzwa mukati mayo, uye zvigadzirwa zvemoto zvinofanirwa kubviswa. Imwe yeaya maitiro anoitika mune imwe crankshaft shanduko. Zviito izvi zvinonzi mabhawa. Kune mana acho mune mana-sitiroko:

1. Kudya kana kukweva. Pakurova uku, musanganiswa wemafuta-emhepo unoyamwirwa musirinda. Inopinda kuburikidza nevheji yekuvhura yekuvhura. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemafuta, peturu inosanganiswa nemhepo mune yakawanda yekudyira kana yakanangana nesilinda, semuenzaniso, mumainjini edhiziri;
2. Kudzvinyirira. Panguva ino, ese mairi ekudya uye ekupedza mavharuvhu akavharwa. Iyo pisitoni inokwira kumusoro nekuda kwekukorobha kweiyo crankshaft, uye inotenderera nekuda kwekuita mamwe maronda mune akapindirana masilinda. Mune injini yepeturu, VTS inomanikidzirwa kune akati wandei mamiriro (10-11), uye mune injini yedhiziri - anopfuura makumi maviri emaatomu;
3. Kushanda sitiroko. Panguva iyo pisitoni parinomira kumusoro chaiko, musanganiswa wakadzvanywa unokandirwa uchishandisa chikwekwe kubva mupark plug. Mune injini yedhiziri, maitiro aya akati siyanei. Mariri, mweya wakadzvanywa zvakanyanya zvekuti tembiricha yayo inosvetukira kune kukosha uko iro dizizi mafuta rinozvipisa roga. Nokukurumidza apo kuputika kwemusanganiswa wemafuta nemhepo zvikaitika, simba rakaburitswa harina kwekuenda, uye rinofambisa pisitoni pasi;
4. Zvigadzirwa zvemoto zvinoburitswa. Kuti uzadze kamuri nechikamu chitsva chemusanganiswa unotsva, magasi akaumbwa nekuda kwekuvesa anofanira kubviswa. Izvi zvinoitika mukurohwa kunotevera apo piston inokwira kumusoro. Panguva ino, vheji yekubuda inovhura. Kana iyo pisitoni yasvika pamusoro yakafa nzvimbo, kutenderera (kana seti yemavanga) mune yakasarudzika humburumbira yakavharwa, uye maitiro acho anodzokororwa.

📌 Zvakanakira nekuipira kweICE

Nhasi injini yakanakisa sarudzo yemota iCE. Pakati pezvakanaka zvezvikamu izvi ndezvi:

• nyore kugadzirisa;
• hupfumi hwenzendo refu (zvinoenderana ne huwandu hwayo);
• hombe yekushandisa sosi;
• kuwanikwa kwemutyairi wepakati mari.

Iyo yakakodzera mota haisati yagadzirwa, saka mauniti aya anewo zvimwe zvinokuvadza:

• iyo inonyanya kuomarara iyo unit uye inoenderana masystem, iyo inodhura kwazvo kuchengetedza kwavo (semuenzaniso, EcoBoost motors);
• inoda tarisiro yakanaka yemafuta ekufambisa, kugovera kuvesa uye mamwe masisitimu, ayo anoda humwe hunyanzvi, kana zvisina kudaro injini haizoshanda nemazvo (kana kuti haizotanga zvachose);
• huremu hwakawanda (uchienzaniswa nemagetsi emagetsi);
• kusakara kweiyo crank mashini.

Kunyangwe kugadzirira mota zhinji nemamwe marudzi emota ("yakachena" mota dzinofambiswa nemagetsi emagetsi), maICI anochengetedza chinzvimbo chemakwikwi kwenguva yakareba nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwavo. Shanduro dzakauchikwa uye dzemagetsi dzemotokari dziri kuwana mukurumbira, zvisinei, nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wemotokari dzakadai uye mutengo wekuzvigadzirisa, izvo hazvisati zvawanikwa kune wepakati mutyairi.

Mibvunzo yakajairika:

Chii chinonzi injini yemoto yemukati? Urwu ndirwo rudzi rweyuniti yemagetsi, uko kamuri yakavharika yemoto inopihwa mukati mekugadzira, umo simba remafuta rinogadzirwa (nekuda kwekuwisira kwemafuta-emhepo musanganiswa) uye ikashandurwa kuita simba remagetsi.

Ndiani Akapinza Injini Yemukati Inopisa? Muenzaniso weinjini yekupisa yemukati yepasi rose yakawanikwa nemuumbi weFrance Étven Lenoir muna 1860. Yekutanga-sitiroko yemukati yekupisa injini, maererano nechirongwa cheayo zvachose masimba emagetsi, rakagadzirwa naNikolaus Otto.

Chii chinonzi injini? Iyo yakapusa ICE ine cylinder block mune iyo crank-yekubatanidza tsvimbo system, silinda-pisitoni boka rakaiswa, bhokisi rakafukidzwa pamusoro nesirinda musoro ine gasi rekuparadzira mashandiro (camshaft nemavharuvhu), kudya uye kupera system, peturu uye kupisa system.